Thoroughly Revised and Updated

gate
2016

Engineering Mathematics
Topicwise Previous GATE Solved Questions of
CE, ME, EE, EC, IN & CS/IT : 2003-2015

Publications

Publications

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GATE - 2016 : Engineering Mathematics Topicwise Previous GATE Solved Papers (2003-2015)
Copyright 2015, by MADE EASY Publications.
All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into
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Second Edition : 2010

Third Edition

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Fourth Edition

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Fifth Edition

: 2013

Sixth Edition

: 2014

Seventh Edition : 2015

ISBN: 978-93-83643-78-3

ii

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Preface
Over the period of time the GATE examination has become
more challenging due to increasing number of candidates.
Though every candidate has ability to succeed but
competitive environment, in-depth knowledge, quality
guidance and good source of study is required to achieve
high level goals.

The new edition of GATE 2016 Solved Papers : Engineering Mathematics has been fully revised,
updated and edited. The whole book has been divided into topicwise sections.

At the beginning of each subject, analysis of previous papers are given to improve the
understanding of subject.
I have true desire to serve student community by way of providing good source of study and
quality guidance. I hope this book will be proved an important tool to succeed in GATE examination.
Any suggestions from the readers for the improvement of this book are most welcome.

B. Singh (Ex. IES)

Chairman and Managing Director
MADE EASY Group

iii

syllabus
GATE: Civil Engineering
Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems,
Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima,
Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume
integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and non-linear), Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Cauchys and Eulers equations, Initial and boundary value
problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace
equation.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean,
median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration
by trapezoidal and Simpsons rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

GATE: Mechanical Engineering

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems,
Evalutions of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima,
Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume
integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Cauchys and Eulers equations, Initial and boundary value
problems. Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Lapalce
equation.
Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys Integral theorem, Taylor and Laurent series.
Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional
probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Possion, Normal and
Binomial distributions.
Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration
by trapezoidal and Simpsons rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

iv

GATE: Electrical Engineering

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals.
Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals. Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional
derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear). Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Method of aviation of parameters, Cauchys and Eulers equations,
Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.
Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and integral formula. Taylor and Laurent
series. Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean median, mode and
standard deviation, Random variables Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial
distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods of
differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.

GATE: Electronics Engineering

Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigenvectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper
integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities,
Directional derivatives, Line Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens Theorems.
Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear). Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of Parameters, Cauchys and Eulers equations,
Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and integral formula, Taylors and
Laurents series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and
standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and
Binominal distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods
for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform

GATE: Computer Science & IT Engineering

Mathematical Logic: Propositional Logic; First Order Logic.
Probability: Conditional Probability; Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation; Random Variables;
Distributions; uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson, Binomial.
Set Theory & Algebra: Sets; Relations; Functions; Groups; Partial Orders; Lattice; Boolean Algebra.
Combinatorics: Permutations; Combinations; Counting; Summation; generating functions; recurrence
relations; asymptotics.
Graph Theory: Connectivity; spanning trees; Cut vertices & edges; covering; matching; independent sets;
Colouring; Planarity; Isomorphism.
Linear Algebra: Algebra of matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen
vectors.
Numerical Methods: LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton-Raphson Methods; Numerical integration by
trapezoidal and Simpsons rules.
Calculus: Limit, Continuity & differentiability, Mean value Theorems, Theorems of integral calculus,
evaluation of definite & improper integrals. Partial derivatives, Total derivatives, maxima & minima.

GATE: Instrumentation Engineering

Linear Algebra : Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus : Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper
integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities,
Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Greens theorems.
Differential Equations : First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential
equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchys and Eulers equations,
Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method.
Complex Variables : Analytic functions, Cauchys integral theorem and integral formula, Taylors and
Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics : Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and
standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial
distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods : Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods for
differential equations.
Transform Theory : Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.

vi

Contents
Sl.

Units

Pages

1. Linear Algebra .............................................................................................................................. 1 - 89

1.1

Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2

Algebra of Matrices...................................................................................................................... 1

1.3

Determinants...............................................................................................................................14

1.4

Inverse of Matrix.........................................................................................................................19

1.5

Rank of A Matrix..........................................................................................................................27

1.6

Sub-Spaces : Basis and Dimension.......................................................................................32

1.7

System of Linear Equations.....................................................................................................41

1.8

Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors...............................................................................................56

2. Calculus ....................................................................................................................................... 90 - 258

2.1

Limit................................................................................................................................................90

2.2

Continuity.................................................................................................................................. 100

2.3

Differentiability........................................................................................................................ 101

2.4

Mean Value Theorems............................................................................................................ 107

2.5

Computing the Derivative.................................................................................................... 115

2.6

Applications of Derivatives.................................................................................................. 123

2.7

Partial Derivatives................................................................................................................... 148

2.8

Total Derivatives...................................................................................................................... 151

2.9

Maxima and Minima (of Function of Two Independent Variables)........................ 151

2.10

Theorems of Integral Calculus............................................................................................. 152

2.11

Definite Integrals..................................................................................................................... 165

2.12

Applications of Integration.................................................................................................. 173

2.13

Multiple Integrals and Their Applications....................................................................... 188

2.14

Vectors........................................................................................................................................ 202

3. Differential Equations . ......................................................................................................259 - 310

3.1

Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 259

3.2

Differential Equations of First Order.................................................................................. 259

3.3

Linear Differential Equations (Of nth Order)................................................................... 289

3.4

Two other methods of finding P.I....................................................................................... 309

vii

4. Complex Functions ..............................................................................................................311 - 345

4.1

Introduction.......................................................................................................................311

4.2

Complex Functions..........................................................................................................311

4.3

Limit of a Complex Function.........................................................................................314

4.4

Derivative of f(z)................................................................................................................315

4.5

Analytic Functions............................................................................................................315

4.6

Complex Integration.......................................................................................................325

4.7

Cauchys Theorem............................................................................................................329

4.8

Cauchys Integral Formula.............................................................................................330

4.9

Series of Complex Terms................................................................................................335

4.10 Zeros and Singularites or Poles of an Analytic Function......................................336

4.11 Residues..............................................................................................................................340

5.

Probability and Statistics .................................................................................................346 - 408

5.1

Probability Fundamentals..............................................................................................346

5.2

Statistics..............................................................................................................................367

5.3

Probability Distributions................................................................................................375

6.

Numerical Methods . ...........................................................................................................409 - 467

6.1

Introduction.......................................................................................................................409

6.2

Numerical Solution of System of Linear Equations...............................................411

6.3

Numerical Solutions of Nonlinear Equations..........................................................425

6.4

Numerical Integration (Quadrature) by Trapezoidal and Simpsons Rules.....444

6.5

Numerical Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations.......................................458

7. Laplace Transforms .............................................................................................................468 - 484

viii

7.1

Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 468

7.2

Definition................................................................................................................................... 468

7.3

Transforms of Elementary Functions................................................................................ 469

7.4

Properties of Laplace Transforms....................................................................................... 470

7.5

Evaluation of Integrals by Laplace Transforms............................................................... 476

7.6

Inverse Transforms-Method of Partial Fractions............................................................ 477

7.7

Unit Step Function.................................................................................................................. 480

7.8

Second Shifting Property...................................................................................................... 482

7.9

Unit Impulse Function........................................................................................................... 483

7.10

Periodic functions................................................................................................................... 484