( Reaffirmed 2002 )

18:4805-1978

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK KILN
(

First Revision

Clay Products for Building Sectional Committee, BDC 30

Chairman

~Representing
Bureau of Public Enterprises,

SI.IRIR.G.GOKHALE

Ministry of Finance

Members
Housing & Urban Development Corporation Ltd,
New Delhi
SRRI B.K. CHAERABORTY
( Alternate)
Public Works Department, Government of Madhya
SHRIC.J.BALCHANDANI
Pradesh. Bhonal
Department of Atomic Etiergy, Bombay
SERID.R.BATLIWALA
SERI M. G. Waan ( Alternate )
National Test House, Calcutta
%xRIA.K.~HATTACHARYYA
SHRIP. R. Das ( Alternate)
Public Works Department, Government of Gujarat,
DIRECTOR, GERI
Vadodara
RE~EARCHQBFICER(.MATERIAL TESTING DIVISIQN)
( Alternate )
RESEARCH
Ministry of Railways
DIRECTOR
JOINT
(B&S),RDSO
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR REST
ARCH
(B&S),
RDSO
( Aflernafc )
Public Works Department, Chandigarh Administra.
SERI KULBIR SIN~H
tion
Central
Building Research
Institute
( CSIR ),
SIIRIN.C.MAJUMDAR
Roorkee
DR R. B. H.~JELA ( Akvnatc)
The Travancore
Tile Manufacturers Association,
SHRI
M. PADMANABHAN
Qrilon
Life Insurance Corporation of India, Bombay
SRRIP.K.P:-NDARE
Western India Tile Manufacturers Association,
SHRIG.R.hNDIT
Mangalore
The Commonwealth Trust Limited, Calicut
SHRI S.J.PATTAM
SHRI P. B. NAIR ( Alternate)
SHRI P. M. ANTE

( Continuedon page 2 )

INDIAN
This

publicatron

is protected

@ Copyright
STANDARDS

1978
INSTITUTION

under the lndiun Copyrig& Act ( XIV

of 1957 ) and

reproduction in whole or in part by any Team except with written permission of thr
p&&.&r
shall be deemed to be an mfrmgemcnt
of copyrrght under the said Act.

IS :4805-

1978

( Continurd from pagr 1 )

Rcpesenting

Members
KrishnzdrTles

SERI A. R. RAJAQOPALAN

&

Potteries

( Madras)

Pvt

Ltd,

SHRI A. R. KRISHNAYUBTHY
( Altrmatc )
National Buildings Organization, New Delhi
DR A. V. R. RAO
SERI J. SEN GUPTA ( Alternate )
Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
SERIOR ARCHITEFT B ( I )
SURVEYOR
OF WORKS II
( ATTACHED TO SUPERINT~NDINQ SURVEYOR OF
WORKa II ) ( Alternate )
SARI M. S. SIALI
Engineer-in-Chiefs
Branch ( Ministry of Defence )
SERI J. RAMA MURTY ( Alternate )
SHRI TARA SINGE SOMAL
All India Brick and Tile Manufacturers* Federation:
New Delhi
SH~I DHA~AM PAL CHADBA ( Alternate )
SHRI V. N. SUNDER
Standard Brick & Tile Co ( Yelahanka ) Pvt Ltd,
Yelahanka
SUPERINTENDINGEONo I N E E R Public
Works
Department,
Government
of
( DESIGNS )
Karnataka, Bangalore
SUPERINTENDINQE N Q I N E E R Public Works Department,
Government of West
( PLlNNING CIRCLE )
Bengal, Calcutta
SUPERINTENDING E N Q I N E E R Public Works Department,
Government of Tamil
(-PLANNINQ dr DESIGNS )
EXECUTIVE ENGINEER ( SOIL
MECHANICS
& RESEARCH
DIVISION ) ( Alternate )
SURVEYOR OF WORKS ( II )

SHRI D. TRIVEDI
MAJ-GEN B. P. WADHERA
SHRI D. AJITHA SIMHA,
Director

Nadu,

Madras

Delhi Development Authority, New Delhi

National Buildings Construction Corporation
New Delhi
The Institution ofEngineers ( India ), Calcutta
Director General,

IS1 ( &-o&o

( Civ Engg )

Secretary
SHRI
S. SENQUPTA
Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1

Men&r

Ltd,

Indian Standard
GUIDE FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF BRICK KILN

( First Revision)
0.

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 3 April 1978, after the draft finalized by the
Clay Products for Building Sectional Committee had been approved by
the Civil Engineering Division Council.
0.2 Different types of kilns are being used for burning bricks.
These
kilns vary considerably in design, capacity and output. It is not infrequent to find two kilns of identical design located at the same place and
yet producing bricks varying widely in quality.
It has been found
desirable that some degree of uniformity should be introduced in the
design of kilns, so as to ensure the production of good quality bricks with
the minimum consumption of coal.
At present the design of kiln and
its method of operation are largely governed by the rule of thumb. However, surveys carried out by the Central Building Research Institute and
also information gathered from manufacturers from various parts of the
country, indicate that a broad outline can be furnished as a general
guidance for their better performance.
0.3 This standard was first published in 1968. This revision has been
prepared based on experience gained in the working of this kiln for the
past 10 years. Provisions relating to chimney have been modified and
details of chimney and attachments have been included.
0.4 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing
the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
The number of significant places retained
accordance with IS : 2-1960*.
in the rounded off value should be the same as that ofthe specified value
in this standard.
lRulw for rounding off numerical values ( rcoiscd ).
3

IS : 4805 - 1978
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard gives the broad guidelines required for the construction
of top fed coal fired continuous brick kilns worked on natural draught.
2. NECESSARY

INFORMATION

2.1 For efficient design and construction of the brick kilns, detailed
information with regard to the following may be furnished to those
responsible for the wcr-k:
a) Level of sub-soil water at the place where the brick kiln is required
to be constructed;
b) Slope of the ground and natural drainage;
c) Type of soil with special reference to black cotton soil;
d) Climatic conditions; and
e) Vicinity to inhabited area, communication, etc.
3. SITE
3.1 The kiln should preferably be constructed on a high ground, the level
of which should be such that rain-water naturally drains away from the
kiln and does not flow towards it.
3.2 The floor level of
it is not less than 3 m
during rainy season.
1 m below the ground

the trenches of the brick kiln should be such that

above the water table of sub-soil water measured
In any case floor level should not be more than
level.

4. CONSTRUCTION
4.1 The size of the kiln depends upon capacity.
Two limits for the sizes
are suggested in 4.1.1 and 4.1.2.
Depending upon the requirements and
other local factors, there may be sizes between these two limits also. The
shape of the kiln is given in Fig. 1.
4.1.1 Large Capacity Brick Kiln - It should consist of30 chambers, each
of 5.0 m in length and width of the trench should be 9.0 m. The capacity
of chamber may be 28 000 standard bricks ( see Fig. 1 ) ,
4.1.2 Small CapacifV Brick Kiln-It
should consist of 30 chambers each of
5.0 m in length and width of the trench should be 4.50 m. The capacity
of the chamber may be 14000 standard bricks.
4.2 The height of the trenches in both the cases should be 2.25 m.
4.3. The side walls of the kiln should be provided with flues over which
chimney would be placed.
Each chamber should Abe provided with two
flues, one on the inner and the other on the outer wall. For the small
capacity kiln only one flue on the outer wall need be provided for each
chamber.
4

I-----

6250-_1
PLAN

I--9oo---tcc-450

-4-9oo+

.6.
k
ENLARGED

FIG.

SHAPE

OF LARGE

SECTION

CAPACITY

,XX

BULLS TRENCH

KILN

IS : 4895- 1978
4.4 Adequate number of wickets should also be provided for easy access
into different parts ~of the trenches.
4.5 The floor of the trenches should be paved with burnt bricks on edge.
4.6 The thickness of the side walls should be 60 cm and should be
constructed of ordinary burnt bricks.
NOTE:-The un-burnt bricks may also be used, but for better efficiency and less
expenditure on maintenance the use of burnt brick is recommended.

4.7 The side walls should be plastered with mud-mortar.

NoTE - For batter insulation the aide walls may be constructed with a cavity of
2 5 cm. The cavity maybt loosely filled with fine ash.

The construction of the flues should be as shown in Fig. 2.

of the flues should be 1.20 x 0.90 m.

4.8

The size

4.9 The distance between the flues should be 5.0 m centre-to-centre.

4.10 The shape of the chimney and its attachments should be as shown
in Fig. 3. Two chimneys will be required.

I
6

IS:4805 -1978

PLAN

30 i-55+ls-l

-I

SECTION XX

ELEVATION

All dimensions

Fm.

in centimetres.

2 DETAILS OF FLUE

t-os-,

T-i
IIllLl

BASE PLATE OF CHIMNE? 25-THICK OR IWO PLAlES 12mb

Inlb.r\
WEL DE 0

0 lOOmm, 12,
THICK BRAS-

IlroJJ

nn.,,.._n
ul

FRONT

VIEW

3A CHIMNEV
38

Base Plate

with

Wheels

All dimensions are in centimetres unless otherwise specified.

FIG.

-4

DETAILS OF CHIMNEY

AND ATTACHMENTS

e---k

I-

-n%