Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PLR
PLR
Pinc
PR
filter
(lossless)
Pin
LPF
PL
Pinc
Pinc
PL Pinc PR
1
1 ()
1
M (2 )
1
M (2 ) N (2 )
M ( )
Discussion
1
N (2 )
1. Pinc ( Pavs , available power from source) Pin PR
Pin PL for a lossless filter
P
insertion loss IL 10 log PLR 10 log inc ( 10 log GT ) (12.13)
PL
2
20 log S 21 , if S L 0)
return loss RL 10 log
Pinc
20 log
PR
8-2
2. ( w) is an even function of w ( w)
M(w2 )
(p.169)
2
2
M(w ) N(w )
8-3
g2
g1
g3
8-4
gN+1
go=1
g1
g3
g2
wc=1
g4
gN+1
Discussion
1. Maximally flat LPF prototype design equations
IL 10 log[1 (
w 2N
) ]
wc
wc 1, g o g N 1 1, g k 2 sin
log(10 IL ( w ) /10 1)
N
w
2 log
wc
8-5
(2 k 1)
2N
k 1, 2 ,...N
ripple ( dB )
10
w
)]
wc
1 w
N
cos(
cos
) 0 w wc
c
TN ( w)
cosh( N cosh 1 w ) w w
c
wc
cosh 1[10 IL ( w ) /10 1] /[10
N
w
cos 1 ( )
wc
ripple ( dB )
10
8-6
1]
wc 1, g o 1, g1
sinh
, g N 1
N odd
1,
2
coth
, N even
2N
ln[coth
gk
2 a1
10 log( 1)
]
17 .37
4 a k 1a k
, k 2,3,... N
bk 1bk
a k sin
k
( 2 k 1)
, bk 2 sin 2
, k 1,2,... N
N
2N
4. Element values for equal-ripple LPF prototype (p.406, Table 8.4) and
frequency response (p.407, Fig. 8.27)
8-7
w
L
L jwL ' L '
wc
wc
jBC j
w
C
C jwC ' C '
wc
wc
scaled values:
Ro L
C
,C '
wc
Ro wc
HPF
BPF
L
wo
1
wc L
1
wcC
BSF
wo L
C
wo
8-9
L
wo
1
wo L
wo C
1
wo C
C
wo
w2 w1
: fractional BW
wo
Discussion
1. Ex. 8.3 design a maximally flat LPF, fc=2GHz, Zo=50, IL(3GHz)
=15dB
from Fig.8.26, IL 15dB for
w
1 0.5 @ 3GHz N 5
wc
50 L2
6.438nH
wc
C3
3.183 pF
50 wc
8-10
PLR
w
-1
-wc
wc
wc
0 ,1 wc , 1 wc w
w
1
1
1
jwL'
jwC
L'
wC
wc C
j c
LPF
HPF
w
C' 1
wc L
1
jwL j
wc L
w
jwC'
8-11
PLR
w
-1
0 wo ,1 w2 , 1 w1 w
-wo
wo
-w2 -w1
w1 w2
1 w wo
(
), wo
w
wo
w1 w2 ,
w2 w1
wo
1
1
1
C
jwC
C'
, L'
Cwo
C w wo
C
j (
jw
)
wo
w
wo jw BPF
wo
LPF
L' L , C'
Lwo
L w wo
L
) jw
jwL j (
wo
w
w
w
jw
o
o
8-12
wo C
wo L
PLR
-wo
w
-1
-w2 -w1
0 ,1 w1 , 1 w2 w
wo
w1
w2
wo w
w wo
wo
1
jw
1
jwC
C
1
jC
(
) jwC C wo
C'
,
L'
w
w
o
wo
wo C
w wo
LPF
BSF
L' L , C' 1
1
)
jwL jL (
wo
wo L
w
w
w
jw
o
o
w wo
jwL Lwo
8-13
L1 50
127 nH
wo
0.199 pF
wo L1 50
50
0.726 nH
wo C 2
C 2 '
C2
34.91 pF
50 wo
Z in j L
1
Z in
jC
Z in jL
1
Z in
j C
c
L,
8
1 c
,
C 8
Discussion
1. 1 tan l tan 2 c tan 1
c
c
c
4
c 8
c
2. c
8f c 4c stub response repeats every 4c.
8
c 8
8-15
Kurodas identites
1
Z2
Z1
Z1
U.E.
Z2
U.E.
Z2
n2
U.E.
n 2Z1
Z1
n2
1
n2Z 2
U.E.
Z2
n 1
Z1
2
1 : n2
Z1
Z2
U.E.
Z2
n2
U.E.
Z1
n2
1
n 2Z 2
1
Z2
Z1
U.E.
n2 :1
n 2Z1
U.E.
n2 1
Z2
Z1
Discussion
1. Use c/8 redundant lines to separate stubs.
2. series L (short stub) shunt C (open stub)
series C and shunt L change positions
8-17
3. derivation of (a)
Z1
cos l
jY sin l
o
1
Y
Z1
n2
Z2
n2
U.E.
U.E.
Z2
Z o ,l
1
jZ o sin l
1
j
cos l
1 2
Z o
jZ o
1 0
open-circuited shunt stub
j
1
0 Z o
1 1
0
short-circuited shunt stub
1
1
jZ o
8-18
1
0
Z
1
D L
A
C
1
1 2
1 2
1 2
1
j
Z 2
j ( 1 1 )
Z1
Z2
D R
Zo
1
open-circuited series stub
j
0
1
1 j Z
o
0
1
0 1
j
1
Z 1
j Z 1
Z
1 2 1
Z2
j Z 1
j Z 2
1
j Z 1
n 2 1
1
n2
2
2
1 j n
1
0
1
Z
Z
1
(
)
1
2
n2
Z2
2
n
1
Z
j n 2
Z1
1 2 1
Z2
Z2
8-19
L3=3.3487
l = c /8
C2=0.7117
Zo=1.405
8-20
Zo=3.3487 Zo=3.3487
Zo=4.35
Zo=1
Zo=1.405
Zo=1
(a)
(b)
Kurodas identity
Zo=1.299
50
Zo=4.35
Zo=1.405
217.5 217.5
Zo=1.299
50
l = c/8
frequency response
(p.421, Fig.8.37)
8-22
Z o , ,l
l
2
jZ o tan
jZo sin l
Zo
Zo
j sin l
j tan
low Zo
Zo
j tan
l
2
high Zo
jwL jZh lh
Z l , ll
4
Z
1
l
jwC jll
8-23
Z h , lh
Discussion
1. (derivation)
A
C
C
A
Z C1
Z o , ,l
Z11 Z12
B cos
D jYo sin
Z22 Z12
Z11 Z12 jZo[
Z12
jZo tan
8-24
jZ o sin
,
cos
Zo
j tan
Zo
j sin
Zo
j sin
Zo
j tan
2sin2
cos
1
2
] jZo
sin sin
2sin cos
2
2
Y12
Y11 Y12
Y22 Y12
D
B
Y 1
B
Y11 Y12
1
jZ o sin
jZ o tan
1
BC AD
jZ o tan
B
A
1
jZ o sin
B
1 cos
1
[
]
jZ o sin sin
j tan
Zo
l
4
Zl
1
1
sin ll CZl
j sin ll jC
2
8-25
Zl
1
C 2
1
ll sin 1 CZl open stubs?
4. Considerations of Zh
Z h 2L, fabrication ?
L
1
jZ h sin lh jL sin lh
1
L
Zh
lh sin 1
, capacitor coupling?
2
Zh
l
L4=1.932
C1=0.517 C3=1.932
L6=0.517
C5=1.414
8-26
lh =RoL/ Zh,
ll =CZl / Ro
frequency response
(p.425, Fig.8.41)
C
C
/4
jC 1 C 2
1
C2
jC 1 C 2
j 1 C2
1
( j 1 C 2 )( j 1 C 2 )
j 1 C2
[C 2 (1 C 2 )]2 4C 4 4C 2 1
[ j 2C 1 C 2 ]2 4C 2 (1 C 2 ) 4C 4 4C 2
1 + 4
=1
1
if C
,
2
1 =0,
4
8-27
=1
/4
b1
b j
2
b3
b4
b1
b j
2
b3
b4
j 1 C2
1 C2
j 1 C2
j 1 C2
1 C2
j 1 C2
[ (1 C 2 )+C 2 ]a1
0
C 1
0
2 0
=
0
0
[ j 1 C 2 C j 1 C 2 C ]a1
ja1
8-28
a1
2
0
C
1
j
C
a
2 0
Ca1
j 1 C
0
0
j 1 C2 a
C
1
2
Ca1
j 1 C
/ 2
Zo
/ 2
K,
K Z o tan
jX Z o
tan 1
-C
-C
C
J , 90
ZL
J2
Yin
YL
K
ZL
admittance inverter
K
,X
K
2
1 ( )2
Zo
/ 2
Yo
2X
Zo
YL
1
,
J
4
/ 2 J Y tan , B
o
2
jB Yo
tan 1
1
C
-C
8-29
-C
J
J
1 ( )2
Yo
2B
Yo
J C
Zo
/ 2
jX Z o
A B cos l
C D jY sin l
Z o K l 2 0
jZ o sin l
,
j
cos l l
4
K
cos 2
j sin
Z o
2
0 cos
2
1 j
Z sin 2
o
jZ o sin 1
2
1
cos
jX
2
A B 1
C D Y
0
1
jK
Z
jZ o sin cos o sin
2
2X
1
cos
j ( sin cos 2 )
2 Z o
X
2
Zo
sin 2 )
X
2
Zo
cos
sin
2X
jZ o (sin
K
(1) (2) X
1 2 X
Zo
tan
K
cos
sin 0
1 ( )2
Zo
2X
Zo
Z
Z
j
1
1
j ( sin cos 2 ) sin o cos 2 o ...(1)
2 tan
2
2
K
X
K
Zo
X
2K / Zo
2X
2
Z
K
K
Z
tan
,
tan
2
o
Zo
o
sin sin
...(2)
2
Zo 1 ( K )2
jZ o (sin sin 2 ) jK
1 tan 2
2
X
Z
o
2
X
Zo
2
8-30
-C
A B 1 Z
C D 0 1
C
Y
A B 1
C D Y
0
1
Z o K l 2 0 jK
jZ o sin l
A B cos l
,
j
C D jY sin l
cos l l
0
o
K
4
1
K
1
1
C
1
1
1
1
0
A
B
0
j
j
C
j C
C D
j C 1
0
0
1
1 jC
8-31
1
,
J
4
A B cos l
C D jY sin l
cos
sin
jY
o
sin
Yo
2 1
cos 0
2
Yo
/ 2
Yo J l 2
jZ o sin l
0
cos l l
jJ
4
1 cos
2
jB
1 jYo sin
2
jB Yo
A B 1 Z
C D 0 1
j
J
Y
j
sin cos o sin
Yo
2
2B
1
1
sin cos 2 )
Yo
B
2
Yo
cos
sin
2B
J
(1) (2) B
J
1 ( )2
Yo
j(
2B
Yo
tan 1
sin 0
Yo
2B
Y
Y
j
1
1
2 tan
J
B
J
Yo
B
2
2
2 J / Yo
2B
2
Yo
J
tan
, J Yo tan
2
Yo
2
sin sin ...(2)
Yo 1 ( J ) 2
2
jYo (sin sin ) jJ
1 tan 2
B
Yo
2
B
2
Yo
2
cos
8-32
-C
A B 1 Z
C D 0 1
Z
-C
Y
A B cos l
C D jY sin l
0 1
A B 1
C D j C 1
Y J l 2
jZ o sin l o
0
,
cos l l
jJ
4
1
0
1
0
j C
jC 1
1
jC
8-33
1
jJ
0
1
j C
A B 1
C D Y
0
1
J C
Discussion
1.
3
1/2 -1/2
Zo,
J
-90o
Zo,
1/2 1/2
1
design equation #1
Z oe Z o [1 JZ o ( JZ o ) 2 ]
,
2 Z oo Z o [1 JZ o ( JZ o ) 2 ]
Z oe Z oe Z oo Z oo
1e
j
1e
V2 V e
1e
j
1o
V e V e
1e
1o
1o
1o
Z oe Z oe Z oo Z oo
1e
1e
j
1e
V4 V e
1o
1e
1o
j
1o
V e V e
1o
8-34
V1 Z11
V Z
4 14
Z14 I1
V1
,
Z
Z11 I 4 11 I1
, Z14
I4 0
V4
I1
V1o V1o e j 2
ports 2, 3 open, I 2 I3 0
I4 0
V1e V1o
Z oe Z oo
V1e V1o
Z oe Z oo
Z11
A B Z 41
C D 1
Z
41
I 4 0
j
Z11 ( Z oe Z oo ) cot
2
j
Z14 ( Z oe Z oo ) csc
2
Z11Z 44
( Z oe Z oo ) 2 ( Z oe Z oo ) 2 cos
Z oe Z oo
Z14
cos 2 j
Z 41
Z
Z
Z
Z
(
)
sin
oo
oe
oo
oe
Z 44
Z oe Z oo
sin
cos
2j
Z 41
Z
Z
Z
Z
oe
oo
oe
oo
8-35
Zo,
J
-90o
Zo,
j cos
jZ o sin
jZ o sin 0
sin
cos
jY
cos jJ
Yo
j
2
2
2
(
)
sin
cos
sin
cos
Z
J
jZ
J
o
o
J
J
2
Y
Y
2
2
o
o
jJ cos j
sin ( Z o J ) sin cos
J
J
Yo
Z oe Z oo
Yo2
j 2 sin
2
" " ( Z o J ) sin cos
cos , jJ cos j
sin 2
J
Z oe Z oo
J
Z oe Z oo
cos
jY sin
o
Z oe Z oo
Y
J
Z o J o , Z oe Z oo 2 2 2 JZ o2
Yo
Z oe Z oo
J
Z oe Z o (1 JZ o J 2 Z o2 )
Z oo Z o (1 JZ o J 2 Z o2 )
8-36
Z1
2.
Zo, 2
Z1
1 : -1
Z2
2Z o
design equation #2 L
,C
2o Z o
o
Z1
Z1
Z12
Z
1
2
1
1 0
1
jZ o sin 2 Z 2
cos 2
Z2
Z2
jY sin 2
Z
cos 2 1
0 1
1
o
1 1
Z 2
Z 2
Z 2
jZ o
Z2
jZ o
Z2
sin
2
sin 2
Z1
(1 ) cos 2
Z1 jZ o cot
Z2
8-37
Z12
2 Z1
Z2
Z
1 1
Z 2
jZ o cot jZ o cot 1 : -1
jZ o
sin 2
for
2 l
C
Zin
1 : -1
jZ o wo
w
, cot 0
w w
w
w
w
w
l o
sin 2 sin(
) sin
c
wo
wo
wo
wo
j ( wo w) L
1
jwL
Z in
2
2
1
1
w
LC
1
(
w
w
)
LC
o
jwC
jwL
j ( wo w) L
jwo ( wo w) L jwo2
L
1
2w
2w
(2 wo w w 2 ) 2
wo
2Z o
jwo2
jwo Z o
1
,C
" "
L
L
2w
w
wo
Lwo2 2 wo Z o
8-38
1
Zo
2 g1
, Ji
2 Z o gi 1 gi
, J N 1
1
Zo
2 g N g N 1
C1
L2
L1
C2
Zo
Yin
J1
J2
8-39
J3
Zo
ZoJ:1
J
-90
0
left :
jJ
1 : ZoJ
Zo, o/4
j
0
right:
J
jY
JZ
jZ o o
0 0
Zo, o/4
0 1
1 , JZ o
JZ o 0
ZoJ1:1
0 0
jYo
JZ o
jZ o
0
1 : ZoJ3
C1
L1
J2
-90
C2
L2
Zo
Yin
8-40
g1
g2
g3
Z o
gi
shunt
element
o g i
o Z o
, Ci
Li
g i Z o series element
o
o g i Z o
8-41
gN
shunt element
,
series element
2 1
o
J1
design equation #3 J1
Zo
JN+1
J2
J1
-90o
1
Zo
Zo, 2
1
, Ji
, J N 1
Zo
2 g1
2 Z o gi 1 g i
Zo, 2
J2
-90o
design eq. #1 ,
2
JN+1
-90o
2 g N g N 1
Zo
Z oe Z o [1 JZ o ( JZ o ) 2 ]
2
Z oo Z o [1 JZ o ( JZ o ) ]
N+1
8-42
1
Zo
2 g1
, Ji
2 Z o gi 1 gi
, J N 1
1
Zo
2 g N g N 1
Z oe Z o [1 JZ o ( JZ o ) 2 ], Z oo Z o [1 JZ o ( JZ o ) 2 ]
gi
1
2
3
4
1.5963
1.0967
1.5963
1.0000
ZoJi
Zoe
Zoo
0.3137
0.1187
0.1187
0.3137
70.61
56.64
56.64
70.61
39.24
44.77
44.77
39.24
8-43
frequency response
(p.436, Fig.8.46)
IL(1.8GHz) 20dB
design equation
C
O.C. line: Z in
Z in
j tan(
Zo
Zo
w wo w
w o w c
, l
j tan
c 4
c 4 fo
wo
2 wo
2
w
2 wo
Z o
4
,C
o Z o
4 o
jZ o tan
w
2 wo
jZ o
( w wo )
2 wo
L
L w wo
1
1
( w LC
) j
(
)
j
jwC
C
C
w
w
w LC
o
4 wo L
L ( w wo )( w wo )
L 2( w wo )
j
j 2 L ( w wo ) Z o
C
wo w
C
wo
C
8-44
design equation
Zo
4
, L
C
o Z o
4 o
Discussion
1. BSF using /4 open-circuit stub
g1
J=1/Zo
-90o
g2
g3
J=1/Zo
-90o
8-45
gN
J=1/Zo
-90o
Zo, o/4
Zo, o/4
Zo, o/4
Zoi, o/4
4Zo
BSF:
open-circuit
shunt
stub
Z
oi
design equation
4
gi
(BPF:
Zo
4 gi
8-46
gi
Zoi
1 1.5963 265.9
2 1.0967 387
3 1.5963 265.9
frequency response (p.440, Fig.8.49)
3. Design procedure for microstrip BPF or BSF using /4 stub
LPF prototype gi /4 open-circuit or short-circui stubs Zoi
microstrip line consider discontunuity effect
4. BPF using capacitively coupled series resonator
Zo
J1
90o
Zo,
Zo,
J2
90o
8-47
JN+1
90o
Zo
1 / 2 1 / 2
N 1 / 2 N 1 / 2
2 / 2 2 / 2
Zo
jB1
Zo,
jB2
Zo,
jBN+1
Zo
Zo
jB1
Zo, 1
jB2
Zo, 2
jBN+1
Zo
2B
2B
design
o (l o ), i i i 1 (tan 1 i tan 1 i 1 )
2
2
2
Yo
Yo
equation
Bi
Ji
1 (Zo J i )2
8-48
i(deg)
1 1.5963 0.3137
6.96
0.554
2 1.0967 0.1187
2.41
0.192
3 1.5963 0.1187
2.41
0.192
4 1.0000 0.3137
6.96
0.554
frequency response (p.443, Fig.8.51)
155.8
166.5
166.5
gi
ZoJi
Bi(x10-3)
8-49
J12
-90o
C1 L1
C01
-C01
C2 L2
CN LN
JN,N +1
-90o
C12
CN,N+1
C1 L1 -C12 -C12 C2 L2
design equation Z o J 01
C 01
4 g1
J 01
w0 1 ( Z 0 J 01 ) 2
CN LN -CN,N+1
, Z o J n , n 1
, C n , n 1
8-50
4 g n g n 1
J n , n 1
w0
, Z o J N , N 1
, C N , N 1
4 g N g N 1
J N , N 1
w0 1 ( Z 0 J N , N 1 ) 2
C01
C12
C1 L1
C01
Zo, l1
CN,N+1
C2 L2
C12
CN LN
CN,N+1
Zo, l2
Zo, l2
design equation
C n' C n C n 1,n C n ,n 1 C n C n , C n C n 1,n C n ,n 1
ln
Z o wo C n
2
8-51
Zo, /4
YL
Y YL jwo C n
YL
1
tan l
Zo
Z o 1 jY tan l
L
Zo
o l
Zo
1
1
1 Z o jZ L tan l
Z jZ o tan l
Z
Z o Z L jZ o tan l
Zo L
Z o jZ L tan l
YL j
jwo C n j
Zo, /4
l 1
YL j
l
Zo
2 l
Z w C
l o o n
Z o
2
8-52
gi
ZoJi-1,i Ci-1,i(pF)
Ci(pF)
li()
1 1.5963 0.2218
0.2896 -0.3652 -0.04565 73.6
2 1.0967 0.0594
0.0756 -0.1512 -0.0189
83.2
3 1.5963 0.0594
0.0756 -0.3652 -0.04565 73.6
4 1.0000 0.2218
0.2896
frequency response (p.447, Fig.8.54)
ADS examples: Ch8_prj
8-53