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Introduction
Dear Aspirants,
First of all, I am very thankful to you for choosing this book.
In this book, stuff has been provided regarding practical shortcut tricks of
Maths related to various competition exams like
IBPS/IAS/SSC/CAT/AFCAT/SBI/RBI/NABARD / LIC/Railway exams etc.
After reading this book you will find it helpful.
With regards,
Seema Gupta

HAPPY READING

Table of Contents
1. To multiply two numbers having difference of 10 and at last there is 5
2. To multiply any number by 13
3. To multiply a number by 11
4. Subtraction Shortcut
5. Shortcut of Multiplication by 9
6. Shortcut of Multiplication of an Odd number by 5
7. Shortcut of squaring numbers having all digits as 9
8. Shortcut to find square of a number ending with 6
9. Shortcut to find Square of numbers up to 99
10. Shortcut formulae of Compound interest
10.1. Shortcut formula to find difference between Compound interest and simple interest for time period of4
years
10.2. Shortcut formula to calculate Compound interest for 3 years.
10.3. Shortcut formula to calculate Compound interest for 2 years.
11. Shortcut Rule of 72
12. Alternate Shortcut formula to calculate Compound interest for 2 years.
13. Shortcut to find square of any two digit number
14. Practice of Subtraction Shortcut
15. Shortcut of multiplication up to 20
16. Shortcut of multiplication of two numbers close to 200
17. Shortcut to multiply two digit numbers having same unit digits and sum of ten digits is 10
18. Shortcut to multiply any two 3 digit numbers with middle element 0 in both
19. Practice Section
20. Multiplication of a 2 digit number by 11
21. Shortcut to find square of a number ending with 5
22. Shortcut to multiply two numbers having same left digits and sum of right hand digits is 10
23. SQUARE OF A NUMBER (CLOSE TO 50)
24. Shortcut of squaring numbers having all digits as 1
25. Shortcut to multiply two consecutive numbers
26. SHORTCUT TO CHECK WHETHER A NUMBER IS DIVIDED BY 3
27. SHORTCUT TO CHECK WHETHER A NUMBER IS DIVIDED BY 9
28. PERCENTAGE - SHORTCUT
29. Shortcut to find cube of a number
30. Shortcut to find cube root of a perfect cube
31. Shortcut of multiplication of two numbers close to 100
32. Shortcut of multiplication of 2 digit numbers by 99

33. Use the Shortcut - formula ALL FROM 9 THE LAST FROM 10 & LEAVE THE FIRST to perform instant
subtractions.
34. SHORTCUT TO DIVIDE A NUMBER HAVING 0 AT LAST BY 5
35. Shortcut to multiply an even number by 5
36. Shortcut to compare ratios (if difference in numerator and denominator are same)
37. Shortcut to compare ratios (if difference in numerator and denominator are not same)
38. SHORTCUT TO CHECK WHETHER A NUMBER IS DIVIDED BY 11

1. To multiply two numbers having difference of 10 and at last

there is 5

Lets take an example:

65*75
Answer will be in 2 parts:
On right hand side there will be 75
() (75)
Now, lets find left hand side:
In numbers 65 and 75:
Left hand sides are 6 and 7
Take square of bigger number: 7
Square of (7) = 49

Now, subtract 1 from 49.

We will get answer:
4875
Hence
To multiply two numbers having difference of 10 and at last there is 5
First write on right hand side 75
For Left hand Side:
Check left hand side of both the numbers.
Take bigger left hand side number
and square it
Subtract 1 from it to get left hand side of the answer.

Lets take more examples:

135 * 145
Step 1:
Write 75 on right hand side.
Step 2:
In numbers 135 and 145
Left hand sides are 13 and 14
Bigger one is: 14
Square of 14 is 196
Subtract 1 from 196
We will get:
195
Hence:
Answer is:
135*145 = 19575

105*115 =?
Step 1:
Write 75 on right hand side.

Step-2:
Left hand sides of 105 and 115 are:
10 and 11:
Bigger number is 11:
Square of 11 is = 121
Subtract 1 from 121
WE will get 120 as left hand side.
Hence:
Answer is:
105 * 115 = 12075
Now, lets move to the next shortcut formulae.

2. To multiply any number by 13

Lets take an example:

221 * 13
Step 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand side of other number:
Thus,
We get:
02210
Step 2:
Now, make pairs of two:
02210
We get:
02 ... 22 ... 21 ... 10
Now, multiply first digit of all pairs by 3 and add the result on right side.

Thus, we get:
02 = (0*3) + 2 = 2
22 = (2*3) + 2 = 8
21 = (2*3) + 1 = 7
10 = (1*3) + 0 = 3
Hence,
Answer is:
(221 * 13) = 2873

Lets take more examples.

5301 * 13
Step 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand side.
Thus, we get:
053010

Step- 2:
Make pairs:
053010
Thus, we get:
05 ... 53 ... 30 ... 01 ... 10
Multiply right hand side number by 3 and add the result to right hand side.
05 = 0 * 3 + 5 = 5
53 = 5 * 3 + 3 = 18
30 = 3 * 3 + 0 = 9
01 = 0 * 3 + 1 = 1
10 = 1 * 3 + 0 = 3
Hence, we would get:
5 (18) 9 1 3
Take carry 1 of (18):
Hence, Answer is:
68913

756 * 13
Step 1:
Take 0 on Left and Right hand sides.
WE would get:
07560

Step 2:
Make pairs of 07560
Thus,
07 ... 75 ... 56 ... 60
Now, multiply first digit of all pairs by 3 and add the result on right side.
07 = 0 * 3 + 7 = 7
75 = 7 * 3 + 5 = 26
56 = 5 * 3 + 6 = 21
60 = 6 * 3 + 0 = 18

We would get:
7 (26) (21) (18)
Take carries starting from right hand side:
7 (26) (22) (8)
7 (28) (2) (8)
9 (8) (2) (8)
Hence,
Answer is:
756 * 13 = 9828

3. To multiply a number by 11

Lets take an example:

13423 * 11
Step 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand sides:
Thus, we would get:
0134230
Step 2:
Now, make pairs of 2 digits of the result 0134230:
Thus,
Pairs are:
01 ... 13 ... 34 ... 42 ... 23 ... 30
Now add both the digits of all the pairs:

01 = 0 + 1 = 1
13 = 1 + 3 = 4
34 = 3 + 4 = 7
42 = 4 + 2 = 6
23 = 2 + 3 = 5
30 = 3 + 0 = 3
Hence,
Answer is:
147653
(Its simple.)
Lets take more examples.

123012 * 11
Step 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand sides.
Thus, we get:
01230120

Step 2:
Make 2 digit pairs of 01230120
The pairs are:
01 ... 12 ... 23 ...30 ... 01 ... 12 ... 20
Now, simply add both the digits of pairs:
01 = 1
12 = 3
23 = 5
30 = 3
01 = 1
12 = 3
20 = 2
Hence,
The answer is:
1353132

Lets take one last example:

1020402 * 11
Step- 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand side:
We would get:
010204020
Step 2:
Make pairs of 2 digits of 010204020
Thus, the pairs are:
01 ... 10 ... 02 ... 20 ... 04 ... 40 ... 02 ... 20
Simply add the digits:
01 = 1
10 = 1
02 = 2
20 = 2
04 = 4
40 = 4
02 = 2
20 = 2
Hence, the answer is:
11224422

4. Subtraction Shortcut

Lets take an example:

120 97
Step 1:
Its little bit confusing to subtract by 97.
So, subtract by 100.
We would get:
120 100 = 20
Step- 2:
Whats difference of 97 from 100?
100-97=3
Step 3:
Simply add 3 to 20:
Hence the answer is:
23

Lets take more examples:

1581 89
Step 1:
Subtract from 100
We would get:
1581-100 =
1481
Step -2:
Difference of 89 from 100 is:
100 89 = 11
Step 3:
Add 11 to 581:
1481 + 11
= 1492

1581 109
Please note here second number is greater than 100
Step- 1:
Subtract 1581 from 100
We would get:
1481
Step 2:
Subtract further by 9
1481 9
= 1472

Lets take one last example:

1581 1339
Step-1:
Subtract from 1000
We would get:
1581 1000 = 581
Step-2:
Subtract from 300
We would get:
581 300
= 281
Step 3:
Subtract from 30
We would get:
281 30
= 251

Step- 4:
Subtract from 9
Hence the answer is:
251 9
= 242

5. Shortcut of Multiplication by 9

Lets take an example.

1210112 * 9
Step 1:
Take 0 on left hand side.
The result is:
01210112
Step-2:
Now, make pairs of 2 digits of 01210112 and at last write last digit again:
The pairs are:
01 ... 12 ... 21 ... 10 ... 01 ... 11 ... 12 and the last digit is: 2
For First pair:
01
Subtract 1 from right hand side.
Thus:
01 = 1 -1 = 0

For middle pairs:

12 ... 21 ... 10 ... 01 ... 11 ... 12
Subtract left hand digit from 9 and add the result to right hand side digit:
Thus,
12 = 9 1 = 8 + 2 = 10
21 = 9 2 = 7 + 1 = 8
10 = 9 1 = 8 + 0 = 8
01 = 9 0 = 9 + 1 = 10
11 = 9 1 = 8 + 1 = 9
12 = 9 1 = 8 + 2 = 10
For the last digit: 2
Subtract 2 from 10:
10 2 = 8
Now, write all the results:
(0) (10) (8) (8) (10) (9) (10) (8)
Take carries on left hand side:

(0) (10) (8) (8) (10) (10) (0) (8)

(0) (10) (8) (8) (11) (0) (0) (8)
(0) (10) (8) (9) (1) (0) (0) (8)
(1) (0) (8) (9) (1) (0) (0) (8)
Hence,
Answer is:
1210112 * 9 = 1089108

Lot of practice and examples are required as, you are using this shortcut first time.
Lets take more examples:

879 * 9
Step 1:
Take 0 on left hand side.
Result is:
0879
Step-2:
Make pairs of 2 digits of 0879 and write last digit 9 also.
We would get:
08 ... 87 ... 79 ... 9
For first pair:
Subtract 1 from 8
81=7
Thus,
08 = 7

For middle pairs:

Subtract left hand side digit from 9 and add the result to the right hand side digit:
Thus,
87 = 9 8 = 1 + 7 = 8
79 = 9 7 = 2 + 9 = 11
For the last digit: 9
Subtract it from 10.
Result is:
10 9 = 1
Write the results:
(7) (8) (11) (1)
Take carries on left hand side:
Hence the answer is:
(7) (9) (1) (1)
7911

58 * 9
Step 1:
Take 0 on left hand side.
Result is:
058
Step 2:
Make pairs of 2 digits of 058 and right 8 at the last.
Thus,
We get:
05 ... 58 ... 8
For first pair:
Subtract 1 from right hand digit.
Thus,
05 = 5 1 = 4
For middle pair:
Subtract 9 from left hand digit and add the result to the right:
We would get:
58 = 9 5 = 4 + 8 = 12

For last digit:

Subtract 8 from 10:
Thus,
We get:
10 8 =2
Now,
Write all the results:
(4) (12) (2)
Take carries to the left hand side:
We would get:
(5) (2) (2)
Hence,
Answer is:
522

6. Shortcut of Multiplication of an Odd number by 5

Lets take an example.

23 * 5
Step 1:
Subtract 1 from the number: 23
We would get:
23 1 = 22
Just take half of it:
22 / 2 = 11
Step 2:
Take 5 on right hand side of the number 11:
We would get:
11(5)
= 115

Lets take one more example:

181 * 5
Step 1:
Subtract 1 from 181
Result is:
181 1 = 180
Just half the number 180:
180 / 2 = 90
Step 2:
Take 5 on right hand side:
Hence,
Answer is:
(90)(5)
= 905

Lets take one last example:

289 * 5
Step 1:
Subtract number by 1:
We would get:
289 1 = 288
Now,
Just half the number:
288 / 2 = 144
Step- 2:
Take 5 on right hand side:
Hence,
The answer is:
1445

(Its simple)
Lets move to the next shortcut.

7. Shortcut of squaring numbers having all digits as 9

Lets take an example:

9
Step 1:
Number of 9,s is only 1.
Subtract 1 from 1:
1- 1 = 0
Step 2:
Insert 0 times 9.
Then ... 8
After that ... Insert 0 times 0...
And at last 1
Hence,
Answer is:
81

Let take more examples:

99
Step -1:
Number of 9,s are 2:
Subtract 2 from 1:
Step 2:
Now,
Insert 1 time 9
Then, insert 8
After that insert 1 time 0
And at last insert 1
Hence,
Answer is:
9801

Lets take one last example:

999
Step -1:
Count number of 9,s
Number of 9,s are 3.
Subtract 1 from 3
We get:
3 1 =2
Step 2:
Insert 2 times 9
Then ... Insert 8
Now, insert 2 times 0
Then ... insert 1
Hence,
Answer is:
998001
(Its simple)

8. Shortcut to find square of a number ending with 6

Lets take an example:

46
Step-1:
Calculate:
(4) * (4 + 1)
=4*5
= 20
Step-2:
Calculate:
(2) * (4+1)
=2*5
= 10
Add 1 to the result:
10+1 =11
Step -3:
Write 6 at last.

Now,
Write all the results:
Hence,
We get:
(20) (11) (6)
Take carries on left hand side.
Hence,
The Answer is:
(21) (1) (6)
2116

Lets take more examples:

116

Step-1:
Calculate:
(11) * (11+1)
= 11 * 12
= 132
Step-2:
Calculate:
2 * (11+1)
= 2 * 12
= 24
Now, add 1 to the result:
We will get:
24 + 1
= 25
Step -3:
Write 6 on the right hand side:

Now, write all the results:

Hence,
The result obtained is:
(132) (25) (6)
Take carries on left hand side:
(134) (5) (6)
= 13456

Lets take one last example:

206
Step 1:
Calculate:
(20) *(20 + 1)
= 20 * 21
= 420
Step-2:
Calculate:
2 * (20+1)
= 2 * 21
= 42
Add 1 to the result:
We get:
42 + 1
= 43
Step 3:
Write 6 on right hand side.

Now,
Write all the results:
We will get:
(420) (43) (6)
Take carry on left hand side:
Hence the result will be:
(424) (3) (6)
= 42436
(Its simple)
Let us move to the next shortcut.

9. Shortcut to find Square of numbers up to 99

Lets take an example:

11
Step-1:
Check the digit on left hand side of the number (11):
Its 1
Calculate:
1 * (11+1)
= 1 * 12
= 12
Step-2:
Calculate square of right hand side digit:
Its:
1 = 1
Now, write all the results:
(12) (1)
= 121

Lets take more examples:

13
Step 1:
Check the digit on left hand side of the number (11):
Its 1
Also, right hand digit is: 3
Hence,
Calculate:
1 * (13+3)
= 1 * 16
= 16
Step -2:
Take square of right hand side digit:
We will get:
3 = 9
Now, write all the results:
(16) (9)
=169

71
Step -1:
Calculate:
7 * (71+1)
= 7 * 72
= 504
Step -2:
Take square of 1
Result is:
1 = 1
Step -3:
Write all the results:
(504) (1)
= 5041

Lets take one last example:

92
Step-1:
Calculate:
9 * (92+2)
= 9 *94
= 846
Step -2:
Take square of 2
2 = 4
Step -3:
Write all the results:
(846) (4)
= 8464

Now,
It should be clear
Lets move to the next shortcut.

10. Shortcut formulae of Compound interest

10.1. Shortcut formula to find difference between Compound interest and simple
interest for time period of4 years

{(PR) / 100} * (R+4R+6)

In this formula,
P is Principal amount.
R is Rate of interest.

Lets take an example:

Q: What will be the difference in simple-interest and compound-interest at the rate of

14% per annum on the sum of Rs. 2500 after four years?
Answer: Apply the formula:
{(PR) / 100} * (R+4R+6)
= {(2500 * 14) / 100} * {(14/100)+4R+6}
= {2500 * 196/10000} * {(196/10000) + (56/100) + 6}
= (49) * (6.5796)
~ 322

10.2. Shortcut formula to calculate Compound interest for 3 years.

Please note the Pascal-Coefficients for calculating Compound interest for

3 years:
3 ... 3 ... 1
These Coefficients will be helpful in the calculation.

Lets take an example:

Q1: What will be the compound interest on Principal of Rs. 6000 @ 10% per annum for
3 years?
Answer:
I want to remind you that Pascal-Coefficients for calculating Compound interest for
3 years:
3 ... 3 ... 1

Step -1:
Calculate:
(6000 * 10) / (100)
= 600
Multiply the result by first coefficient: 3
We would get:
600 * 3
= 1800
Step -2:
Calculate:
(600 * 10) / (100)
= 60
Multiply the result by second coefficient: 3
We would get:
60*3
= 180

Step-3:
Calculate:
(60*10) / (100)
=6
Multiply the result by third coefficient: 1
Now,
Add result of all the steps:
We would get:
1800 + 180 + 6
= 1986
Hence,
The answer is:
1986

Lets take 1 more example:

Q2: What will be the compound interest on Principal of Rs. 18000 @ 10% per annum
for 3 years?
Answer:
I want to remind you that Pascal-Coefficients for calculating Compound interest for
3 years:
3 ... 3 ... 1

Step -1:
Calculate:
(18000 * 10) / (100)
= 1800
Multiply the result by first coefficient: 3
We would get:
1800 * 3
= 5400

Step -2:
Calculate:
(1800 * 10) / (100)
= 180
Multiply the result by second coefficient: 3
We would get:
180*3
= 540

Step-3:
Calculate:
(180 * 10) / (100)
= 18
Multiply the result by third coefficient: 1
Now,
Add result of all the steps:
We would get:
5400 + 540 + 18
= 5958

10.3. Shortcut formula to calculate Compound interest for 2 years.

Please note the Pascal-Coefficients for calculating Compound interest for

2 years:
2 ... 1
These Coefficients will be helpful in the calculation.

Lets take an example:

Q1: What will be the compound interest on Principal of Rs. 6000 @ 10% per annum for
2 years?
Solution:
Step -1:
Calculate:
(18000 * 10) / (100)
= 1800
Multiply the result by first coefficient: 2
We would get:
1800 * 2
= 3600

Step -2:
Calculate:
(1800 * 10) / (100)
= 180
Multiply the result by second coefficient: 1
We would get:
180*1
= 180

Step-3:
Add result of all the steps:
We would get:
3600 + 180
= 3780

Lets take one more example:

Q2: What will be the compound interest on Principal of Rs. 6000 @ 10% per annum for
2 years?
Solution:
Step -1:
Calculate:
(6000 * 10) / (100)
= 600
Multiply the result by first coefficient: 2
We would get:
600 * 2
=1200
Step -2:
Calculate:
(600 * 10) / (100)
= 60
Multiply the result by second coefficient: 1
We would get:
60*1
= 60

Step-3:
Add result of all the steps:
We would get:
1200 + 60
= 1260

Lets move to the next shortcut formula.

11. Shortcut Rule of 72

This rule calculates time period after which investment becomes double at compound
interest.

Lets take an example to understand the concept:

Q1: A person invests money at rate of interest 6% per annum compounded annually.
How many years it will to double the investment?
Solution:
Apply the rule of 72
Time required to double investment = (72/6)
= 12 years

Q2: A person invests money at rate of interest 9% per annum compounded annually.
How many years it will to double the investment?
Solution:
Apply the rule of 72
Time required to double investment = (72/9)
= 8 years

12. Alternate Shortcut formula to calculate Compound interest for

2 years.

Lets take an example:

Q1: What will be the compound interest on Principal of Rs. 6000 @ 10% per annum for
2 years?
Solution:
Step- 1:
Calculate:
[10 + 10 + {(10*10)/100}]
= 21%
Step- 2:
Calculate:
(6000 * 21) / 100
= 1260
(Its simple)
Lets take one more example.

Q2: What will be the compound interest on Principal of Rs. 18000 @ 10% per annum
for 2 years?
Solution:
Step 1:
Calculate:
Calculate:
[10 + 10 + {(10*10)/100}]
= 21%
Step -2:
Calculate:
(18000 * 21) / 100
= 3780

13. Shortcut to find square of any two digit number

Lets take an example:

21
Step-1:
Calculate squares of both the digits.
2 = 4
1 = 1
Write 1 as 01
Hence the result is:
(4)(01)
401
Step-2:
Multiply both digits of the number: 21
2*1 = 2
Multiply the result by universal number: 20.
(In this shortcut we have to multiply always by 20)
2 * 20 = 40

Add the results:

401 + 40
= 441

Lets take one more example:

42
Step-1:
Calculate squares of both the digits.
4 = 16
2 = 4
Write 4 as 04
Hence the result is:
(16)(04)
1604

Step-2:
Multiply both digits of the number: 42
4*2 = 8
Multiply the result by universal number: 20.
(In this shortcut we have to multiply always by 20)
8 * 20 = 160
Add the results:
1604 + 160
= 1764

Lets take one last example.

71
Step-1:
Calculate squares of both the digits.
7 = 4
1 = 1
Write 1 as 01
Hence the result is:
(49)(01)
4901
Step-2:
Multiply both digits of the number: 71
7*1 = 7
Multiply the result by universal number: 20.
(In this shortcut we have to multiply always by 20)
7 * 20 = 140
Add the results:
4901 + 140
= 5041

14. Practice of Subtraction Shortcut

Lets take some examples:

Q1: (192 7)
Answer:
Step-1:
10 7
= 3
Step- 2:
Add 3 to the number 192:
We would get:
192 + 3
= 195
Step 3:
Subtract by 10
The answer is:
195 10 = 185

Q2: (187-99)

Answer:
Step-1:
100 99
= 1
Step- 2:
Add 1 to the number 187:
We would get:
187 + 1
= 188
Step 3:
Subtract by 100
The answer is:
188 100 = 88

Lets take one last example.

Q3: (7989 997)

Answer:
Step-1:
Whats difference between:
1000 and 997
= 1000 997
= 3
Step-2:
Add 3 to the number 7989
We would get:
7989 + 3
= 7992
Step- 3:
Now,
Subtract the result by 1000
Hence,
The answer is:
7992 1000
= 6992

15. Shortcut of multiplication up to 20

Lets take an example:

Q1: (12 * 16)
Answer:
Step -1:
Add 12 + 6 = 18
Or
Add (16 + 2) = 18
Take 0 on right hand side:
We would get:
180
Step-2:
Multiply unit digits:
(2* 6)
= 12
Add the results and get the answer:
180 + 12 = 192

Q2: (13*19)
Answer:
Step -1:
Add 13 + 9 = 22
Or
Add (19 + 3) = 22
Take 0 on right hand side:
We would get:
220
Step-2:
Multiply unit digits:
(3*9)
= 27
Add the results and get the answer:
220 + 27 = 247

Lets take one last example:

Q3: (16*17)
Answer:
Step -1:
Add 16 + 7 = 23
Or
Add (17 + 6) = 23
Take 0 on right hand side:
We would get:
230
Step-2:
Multiply unit digits:
(6*7)
= 42
Add the results and get the answer:
230 + 42 = 272

16. Shortcut of multiplication of two numbers close to 200

Lets take examples:

Q1: (217 * 203)
Answer:
Step-1:
217 + 3
= 220
Step -2:
Multiply the result by 2
We would get:
220 * 2
= 440

Step -3:
Multiply right hand digits of 217 and 203
(17) * (3)
= 51
Step -4:
Write the results of Step -2 and Step -3
Hence,
The answer is:
44051

Lets take one more example:

Q2: (191 * 193)

Answer:
Step-1:
Difference of 191 from 200 is: 9
Difference of 193 from 200 is 7
191 - 7 = 184
Or
193 9 = 184
Step -2:
Multiply the result by 2
We would get:
184 * 2
= 368
Step -3:
Multiply differences:
(9) * (7)
= 63

Step -4:
Write the results of Step -2 and Step -3
Hence,
The answer is:
36863

17. Shortcut to multiply two digit numbers having same unit digits
and sum of ten digits is 10

Lets take an example:

Step -1:
Q1: (32 * 72)
Answer:
Step -1:
(3 * 7 + 2)
= 23
Step -2:
Take right hand side of two numbers:
(2*2) = 4
Complete two digits of 4
= 04

Write the results:

Hence,
The answer is:
(23) (04)
= 2304

Lets take one more example.

(92 * 12)
Answer:
Step -1:
(9 * 1 + 2)
= 11
Step -2:
Take right hand side of two numbers:
(2*2) = 4
Complete two digits of 4
= 04

Write the results:

Hence,
The answer is:
(11) (04)
= 1104

18. Shortcut to multiply any two 3 digit numbers with middle

element 0 in both

Lets take an example:

Q1: (701 * 803)
Answer:
Step -1:
Multiply left hand digits of both the numbers:
(7 * 8)
= 56
Step -2:
Multiply right hand digits of both the numbers:
(1 * 3)
=3
Take 0 on left hand side to complete two digits.
We would get:
03

Step 3:
Now lets use side digits:
(71) and (83)
Calculate:
(7*3 + 1*8)
= (21+ 8)
= 29
Now, write the results:
(56) (29) (03)
562903

Lets take one more example.

Q2: (508 * 208)

Answer:
Step -1:
Multiply left hand digits of both the numbers:
(5 * 2)
= 10

Step -2:
Multiply right hand digits of both the numbers:
(8 * 8)
= 64

Step 3:
Now lets use side digits:
(58) and (28)

Calculate:
(5 * 8) + (2*8)
= (40+ 16)
= 56
Now, write the results:
(10) (56) (64)
105664

19. Practice Section

Dear Aspirants,
Knowledge does not matter particularly in case of shortcuts.
The main thing is practice.
So, lets practice shortcuts.

Q1: (85*95)
Answer:
Answer will be in 2 parts:
On right hand side there will be 75
() (75)
Now, lets find left hand side:
In numbers 85 and 95:
Left hand sides are 8 and 9

Take square of bigger number: 9

Square of (9) = 81

Now, subtract 1 from 81.

We will get answer:
8075

Q2: (175 * 185)

Answer:
Answer will be in 2 parts:
On right hand side there will be 75
() (75)
Now, lets find left hand side:

In numbers 175 and 185:

Left hand sides are 17 and 18
Take square of bigger number: 18
Square of (18) = 324

Now, subtract 1 from 324.

We will get answer:
32375

Q3: (123* 13)

Answer:
Step 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand side of other number:
Thus,
We get:
01230
Step 2:
Now, make pairs of two:
01230
We get:
01 ... 12 ... 23 ... 30
Now, multiply first digit of all pairs by 3 and add the result on right side.

Thus, we get:
01 = (0*3) + 1 = 1
12 = (1*3) + 2 = 5
23 = (2*3) + 3 = 9
30 = (3*3) + 0 = 9

Hence,
Answer is:
(123 * 13)
= 1599

Q4: (123*11)
Answer:
Step 1:
Take 0 on left and right hand sides.
Thus, we get:
01230

Step 2:
Make 2 digit pairs of 01230
The pairs are:
01 ... 12 ... 23 ...30
Now, simply add both the digits of pairs:
01 = 1
12 = 3
23 = 5
30 = 3
Hence,
The answer is:
1353

Q5: (148 99)

Answer:
Step-1:
100 99
= 1
Step- 2:
Add 1 to the number 148:
We would get:
148 + 1
= 149
Step 3:
Subtract by 100
The answer is:
149 100 = 49

Q6: (1234 109)

Answer:
Please note here second number is greater than 100
Step- 1:
Subtract 1234 from 100
We would get:
1134
Step 2:
Subtract further by 9
1134 9
= 1125

Q7: (123 * 9)
Step 1:
Take 0 on left hand side.
Result is:
0123
Step-2:
Make pairs of 2 digits of 0123 and write last digit 3 also.
We would get:
01 ... 12 ... 23 ... 3
For first pair: 01
Subtract 1 from 1
11=0
Thus,
01 = 0

For middle pairs:

Subtract left hand side digit from 9 and add the result to the right hand side digit:
Thus,
12 = 9 1 = 8 + 2 = 10
23 = 9 2 = 7 + 3 = 10
For the last digit: 3
Subtract it from 10.
Result is:
10 3 = 7
Write the results:
(0) (10) (10) (7)
Take carries on left hand side:
Hence the answer is:
(11) (0) (7)
1107

Q8: (75 * 5)
Answer:
Step 1:
Subtract 1 from the number: 75
We would get:
75 1 = 74
Just take half of it:
74 / 2 = 37
Step 2:
Take 5 on right hand side of the number 37:
We would get:
37(5)
= 375

Q9: 9999
Answer:
Step -1:
Count number of 9,s
Number of 9,s are 4.
Subtract 1 from 4
We get:
4 1 =3
Step 2:
Insert 3 times 9
Then ... Insert 8
Insert 3 times 0
Then ... insert 1
Hence,
Answer is:
99980001

Q10: (96)
Answer:
Step-1:
Calculate:
(9) * (9 + 1)
= 9 * 10
= 90
Step-2:
Calculate:
(2) * (9+1)
= 2 * 10
= 20
Add 1 to the result:
20+1 =21
Step -3:
Write 6 at last.

Now,
Write all the results:
Hence,
We get:
(90) (21) (6)
Take carries on left hand side.
Hence,
The Answer is:
(92) (1) (6)
9216

Q11: (82)
Answer:
Step-1:
Calculate squares of both the digits.
8 = 64
2 = 4
Write 4 as 04
Hence the result is:
(64)(04)
6404
Step-2:
Multiply both digits of the number: 82
8*2 = 16
Multiply the result by universal number: 20.
(In this shortcut we have to multiply always by 20)
16 * 20 = 320

Add the results:

6404 + 320
= 6724

Q12: (13 * 93)

Answer:
Step -1:
(1 * 9 + 3)
= 12
Step -2:
Take right hand side of two numbers:
(3*3) = 9
Complete two digits of 4
= 09

Write the results:

Hence,
The answer is:
(12) (09)
= 1209

Q13: (102 * 304)

Answer:
Step -1:
Multiply left hand digits of both the numbers:
(1 * 3)
= 3

Step -2:
Multiply right hand digits of both the numbers:
(2 * 4)
=8

Step 3:
Now lets use side digits:
(12) and (34)

Calculate:
(1 * 2) + (3*4)
= (4+6)
= 10
Now, write the results:
(3) (10) (08)
31008

20. Multiplication of a 2 digit number by 11

Q1: (23*11)
Answer:
Step -1:
Open the number:
2 () 3
Step -2:
Just add the digits:
2+3
= 5
Step -3:
Hence,
The answer is:
2(5)3
= 253

Q2: (54*11)
Answer:
Step -1:
Open the number:
5 () 4
Step -2:
Just add the digits:
5+4
= 9
Step -3:
Hence,
The answer is:
5(9)4
= 594

21. Shortcut to find square of a number ending with 5

Q1: (75*75)
Answer:
75 * 75
() / ()
[(7)*(7+1)] / [5*5]
[7*8] / 25
[56] / 25
5625

Q2: (85*85)
Answer:
85 * 85
() / ()
[(8)*(8+1)] / [5*5]
[8*9] / 25
[72] / 25
7225

22. Shortcut to multiply two numbers having same left digits and sum
of right hand digits is 10

Lets take an example:

47 X 43
See the end digits sum 7 + 3 = 10
Then
47 x 43
= [(4 + 1) x 4] / [7 x 3]
= 20 / 21
= 2021.

63 * 67
[6 * (6+1)] / [7*3]
= [6*7] / [21]
= [42] / [21]
4221

23. SQUARE OF A NUMBER (CLOSE TO 50)

Its also known as formula of 25:

EG: 53 ... 46 ... 56

Lets find square of 53

Answer is in 2 parts:
() / ()
53-50 = +3
() / (SQUARE OF 3)
()/ (09) [HALF ANSWER]
() / (09)
(25 + 3) / (09)
(28) / (09)
2809

Lets take one more example.

46
Step- 1:
46 50 = -4
Step- 2:
25+ (-4) = 21
Step -3:
Take square of 4
4 = 16
Hence,
Answer is:
2116

24. Shortcut of squaring numbers having all digits as 1

Lets take an example.

11
Numbers of digits are: 2
So, go up to 2 and then come back to 1
Hence,
Answer is:
121

Lets take next example.

111
Numbers of digits are: 3
So, go up to 3 and then come back to 1
Hence,
Answer is:
12321

1111
Numbers of digits are: 4
So, go up to 4 and then come back to 1
Hence,
Answer is:
1234321

25. Shortcut to multiply two consecutive numbers

Lets take an example:

12 * 13
Step -1:
Smaller number is:
12
Take square of 12
12 = 144
Step -2:
Add the smaller number 12 to the result:
Hence answer is:
144 +12
= 156

Lets take one more example:

14 * 15
Step -1:
Smaller number is:
14
Take square of 14
14 = 196
Step -2:
Add the smaller number 14 to the result:
Hence answer is:
196 +14
= 210

26. SHORTCUT TO CHECK WHETHER A NUMBER IS DIVIDED BY 3

Example:
102130410
Lets check whether this number is divisible by 3 or not.
Step -1:
Add all the digits of the number:
1+0+2+1+3+0+4+1+0
= 12
Step -2:
12 is divisible by 3.
Hence,
102130410 is also divisible by 3.

27. SHORTCUT TO CHECK WHETHER A NUMBER IS DIVIDED BY 9

Example:
102130410
Lets check whether this number is divisible by 9 or not.
Step -1:
Add all the digits of the number:
1+0+2+1+3+0+4+1+0
= 12
Step -2:
12 is not divisible by 9.
Hence,
102130410 is also not divisible by 9.

28. PERCENTAGE - SHORTCUT

Please note:
16.33 % = (1/6)
33.33% = (1/3)
66.66 % = (2/3)
Lets take an example:
(33.33% * 33)
= (1/3) * 33
= 11
Hence,
Calculation has been reduced.

29. Shortcut to find cube of a number

Lets find:

(23)

Step -1:

(2) = 8

Step -2:
Multiply both the numbers:
(2*3) = 6
Multiply the result by first digit: 2
2*6 = 12
Take thrice of the result:
12*3 = 36

Step -3:
Multiply both the numbers:
(2*3) = 6
Multiply the result by second digit: 3
3*6 = 18
Take thrice of the result:
18*3 = 54

Step -4:
(3) = 27

Write all the results:

(8) (36) (54) (27)
Take carries on left side:
(8) (36) (56) (7)
(8) (41) (6) (7)
(12) (1) (6) (7)
Hence,
Answer is:
12167

Lets take one more example:

(12)

Step -1:
(1) = 1

Step -2:
Multiply both the numbers:
(1*2) = 2
Multiply the result by first digit: 1
2*1 =2
Take thrice of the result:
2*3 = 6

Step -3:
Multiply both the numbers:
(1*2) = 2
Multiply the result by second digit: 2
2*2 = 4
Take thrice of the result:
4*3 = 12
Step -4:
(2) = 8
Write all the results:
(1) (6) (12) (8)
Take carries on left side:
(1) (7) (2) (8)
Hence,
Answer is:
1728

30. Shortcut to find cube root of a perfect cube

First...
Please note cubes of the numbers:
1 =1
4 =64
5=125
6=216
7=343
8=512
9 = 729
10 = 1000
11 = 1331

Now,
Lets take an example and find cube root of:
(46656)

1. Split the number into two parts:

From right side:
Take pair of 3 digits and rest of them would be moved to the right.
46 / 656
2. Write 6 for 6 on right side (6 CUBE: 216)
LAST DIGIT OF 216 IS * 6 *
() / (6)
() / 6
Cube of 3----27
Cube of 4----64
See ... 46 falls in the range of 3 AND 4
So, the answer is (3) / 6
36
Hence, cube root of:
(46656) = 36

Lets take one more example and find cube root of:
(79507)
(79)

(507)

() / ()
CUBE OF 7=343(LAST DIGIT---3)
So ... () / (3)

() / 3
CUBE OF 4---64
CUBE OF 5---125
SO.4
(4) / 3
Answer = 43

31. Shortcut of multiplication of two numbers close to 100

Q1: (117 * 103)

Answer:
Step-1:
117 + 3 = 120
Or
103 + 17 = 120
Step -2:
Multiply right hand digits of 117 and 103
(17) * (3)
= 51
Step -3:
Write the results of Step -1 and Step -2
Hence,
The answer is:
12051

Lets take one more example:

Q2: (91 * 93)

Answer:
Step-1:
Difference of 91 from 100 is: 9
Difference of 93 from 100 is 7
91 - 7 = 84
Or
93 9 = 84
Step -2:
Multiply differences:
(9) * (7)
= 63

Step -3:
Write the results of Step -1 and Step -2

Hence,
The answer is:
8463

32. Shortcut of multiplication of 2 digit numbers by 99

Example: 15 x 99
Step (a): 15 1 = 14
Step (b): 99 14 = 85
Step (c): 15 x 99 = 1485

Lets take one more example:

Example: 76 x 99
Step (a): 76 1 = 75
Step (b): 99 75 = 24
Step (c): 15 x 99 = 7524

33. Use the Shortcut - formula ALL FROM 9 THE LAST FROM 10
& LEAVE THE FIRST to perform instant subtractions.

Please note:
This formula is used in cases of subtraction from 100 ... 1000 ... 10000etc.
Lets take an example:
(100000 12345)
Step -1:
In 100000 ... 1 will give result as 0
Because, its said leave the first.
Step -2:
Rests of the elements in 12345 are:
1234
And last element is 5:

Rest elements 1234 have to subtract 9 individually.

(9-1) = 8
(9-2) = 7
(9-3) = 6
(9-4) = 5
Step -3:
Last element 5 has to subtract 10.
(10 5) = 5
Hence, the answer is:
(8765)(5)
87655

Lets take one more example.

(100000 1049)
Step -1:
In 100000 ... 1 will give result as 0
Because, its said leave the first.
Step -2:
Rests of the elements in 104 are:
104
And last element is 9:

Rest elements 104 have to subtract 9 individually.

(9-1) = 8
(9-0) = 9
(9-4) = 5
Step -3:
Last element 9 has to subtract 10.
(10 9) = 1
Hence, the answer is:
8951

34. SHORTCUT TO DIVIDE A NUMBER HAVING 0 AT LAST

BY 5

EG:

910 / 5

STEP1: REMOVE 0:
The result is:
91
STEP 2: MULTIPLY BY 2:
91*2
= 182
(Its simple)

35. Shortcut to multiply an even number by 5

EG: 96 * 5
STEP 1: DIVIDE BY 2
96/2
= 48
STEP 2: PUT 0 AT THE LAST
480

36. Shortcut to compare ratios (if difference in numerator and

denominator are same)

Lets take an example.

(1/2), (3, 4), (5/6), (7/8)
Find difference in numerator and denominator of each ratio:
We get:
(1/2) = 2-1 = 1
(3, 4) = 4 3 = 1
(5/6) = 6 5 = 1
(7/8) = 8 -7 = 1
When difference in numerators and denominators of all ratios are same then that ratio is
the highest having highest numerator.
Hence,
The largest number among:
(1/2), (3, 4), (5/6), (7/8) is:
(7/8)

37. Shortcut to compare ratios (if difference in numerator and

denominator are not same)

(1/2), (3, 5), (5/7), (7/8)

Find difference in numerator and denominator of each ratio:
We get:
(1/2) = 2-1 = 1
(3, 5) = 5 3 = 2
(5/7) = 7 5 = 2
(7/8) = 8 -7 = 1
Now,
Divide all the Numerators by the results obtained:
Hence:
(1/2) ~ 1/1 = 1
(3, 5) ~ 3/2 = 1.5
(5/7) ~ 5/2 = 2.5
(7/8) ~ 7/1= 7

Thus, biggest result obtained is: 7 which is corresponding to (7/8)

Hence,
The answer is:
(1/2), (3, 5), (5/7), (7/8)
The biggest number is:
(7/8)

38. SHORTCUT TO CHECK WHETHER A NUMBER IS DIVIDED BY 11

Note: Difference of the sum of digits at odd places and the sum of its digits at even
places, is either 0 or divisible by 11, then clearly the number is divisible by 11.
Lets take an example and find whether the following number is divisible by 11 or
not:
2547039
Find the difference between sum of its digits at odd and even places.
(Sum of digits at odd places) - (Sum of digits at even places)
= (9 + 0 + 4 + 2) - (3 + 7 + 5)
= 15 - 15 = 0
The number is 0, so the number 2547039 is divisible by 11.

Lets take one more example.

Lets take an example and find whether the following number is divisible by 11 or
not:
13165648
(Sum of digits at odd places) - (Sum of digits at even places)
= (8 + 6 + 6 + 3) - (4 + 5 + 1 + 1)
= 23 - 11 = 12
The number is 12, so the number 13165648 is not divisible by 11.

Thank you for reading!

Dear Reader,
I hope you find all the information gained through this book very useful for your
upcoming exams or for whatever reason you read it, weather it for self knowledge or
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