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Module 2 :
Diffusive heat and mass transfer
Lecture 16:
Cooling of a Sphere in contact with
a Well-Stirred Fluid & Heat
Conduction in Solids with
Interfacial Resistance
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Consider a fluid of volume vf, density f , heat capacity C p f , and initially at temperature
T0. Lets assume that the sphere of volume vs, density s , heat capacity C ps , and initially
at temperature T1.
Assumptions
1. Well-mixed fluids
(1)
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
For fluid
3 s
B
(2)
=1
v f f C pf
Where B =
vs s C ps
s =
T T
T1 Ts
t
r
, f = 1 f , = , = s2
T1 T0
T1 T0
R
R
p s =
1 d
2 d
2 d s
(3)
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
p f 1 =
3 d s
B d
(4)
=1
s =
sinh p +
cosh p
(5)
The second term on right hand side is equal to zero since s is finite at = 0 .
Substituting eqn. (5) into eqn. (4), we get
f =
1
C
+3
sinh p p cosh p
p
Bp
(6)
f =
( )
1 p tanh p
1
+ 3
p
( 3 Bp ) p tanh p 3 p
(7)
exp ( bk 2 )
B
+ 6B 2 2
f =
1+ B
k =1 B bk + 9 (1 + B )
(8)
3b
3 + Bb 2
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Note that
T fluid T0
1. At thermal equilibrium (1 + B )
=1.
T1 T0
2. This plot can be used to determine s .
3. Tf was obtained w/o the need to solve for Ts ( ( ,t )
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
T
2T
= 2
t
y
(9)
( T T ) , = y , = t ,
b
b2
( T0 T )
Bi =
y y = b
(10)
2
= 2
(11)
= Bi
(12)
=
n =1
2
n
+ Bi + Bi cos n
2
exp n 2
(13)
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
q0 = k
T
y
=
y = b
k
2 Bi 2
exp n 2
(T0 T ) 2
2
b
n =1 n + Bi + Bi
(14)
Rearranging, we get
q* =
q0
2 Bi
exp n 2
=
2
2
h (T0 T ) n =1 n + Bi + Bi
(15)
hb h2
y
h
y
at
+ exp + 2 at erfc
+
4 t
4 t k
k k
= erf
Here
(16)
h2
at = Bi 2
2
k
q* = exp Bi 2 erfc Bi
(17)
NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
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NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering