Sie sind auf Seite 1von 5

DWDM Demultiplexer Using Inverted-P Photonic

Crystal Structure
V.R.Balaji1,M.Murugan2,S.Robinson3
Research scholar, Department of ECE, Anna University,Guindy-660,Tamilnadu,India
2
Professor,Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Valliammai Engineering College,
Tamilnadu, India.
3
Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering ,Mount Zion College of
Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India
1

Abstract -- Two dimensional Photonic crystal

based 2 port
demultiplexer is designed to work in Dense wave Division
Multiplexing (DWDM) environment using concrete resonant
cavity in Inverted -P Photonic crystal (PC) structure, its
designed to work in 1556nm and 1557 nm with 2nm channel
spacing and 1nm bandwidth and the average Quality Factor to
be 1000. The analysis continuous by changing the radius of P
type outer rod its efficiency marginally tuned based on DWDM
standard Further its analyzed by changing the outer ring radius
rod size it's possible to tuned the demultiplexer for different
wavelength like 155X in DWDM. This designed two channel
wavelength Inverted -P demultiplexer has been simulated by
using FDTD algorithms its well adapted for Photonic integrated
circuits.
Index Terms Photonic crystals, demultiplexer, Inverted-P,
Quality factor, Dense WDM .

I.

1.INTRODUCTION

Photonic crystals device are promising technology for


designing of future Passive and active optical devices[1].Today
many researchers have been focusing towards ultra compact
small scale devices to integrate in Photonic circuits. Ideally
Photonics crystals are more attracted due to dielectric periodic
rods. Generally these rods have the ability to controls the flow of
photons ca. The photonic band gap ,in which frequency range of
electromagnetic waves will not propagate. To allow the modes to
propagate, it's important to create defects inside the Photonic
Band gaps(PBGs).In practically defects can be create in two ways
like line defects and Point defects .The line Defects say to
remove the entire row of pillars and Point defects to remove the
one pillar. To realize effective photonic devices its must to
introduce the both defects inside the Photonic Band
Gaps(PBGs).This structure often used to realize high resonant
peak in Photonic crystal filtering devices .
In photonic crystals offer many potential photonic devices like
optical
Splitters[3],Add-Drop
multiplexers[4],Optical
couplers[9],Optical filters[3],Ring Resonators[4].One of the
narrow down research area for all this devices[2] is wave division
multiplexing

Demultiplexing is a technology which demultiplexes a single


optical signal onto a number of optical carrier signals by using
different wavelengths (i.e. colors) of laser light. Two types are 1,
Coarse WDM 2, Dense WDM Coarse WDM provide up to eight
wavelengths with 20nm channel spacing. Dense WDM provide
up to ninety six wavelengths with 0.8nm channel spacing.
In recent years recent has been focusing towards the DWDM
principle due to unique features of narrow bandwidth. For
realization of DWDM standard, resonant cavity should be more
concrete ,based on the coupled resonant cavity it's capable to
select desired filter wavelength with high resonant peak with
standard Quality Factor
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
In existing system till the present two port DWDM demultiplexer
is designed in resonant cavity[8] with efficiency nearly 60% and
tuned to work at wavelength of 1579.2nm and 1580nm.In the
previous designed model corner taped to the end, it reduces the
output power due to scattering at corners. But in our proposed
model resonant cavity designed with rectangle it reduces the
scattering and improves the high resonant peak with narrow
bandwidth of 0.8nm.The designed structure can select the
wavelength like 1557nm & 1558nm respectively, by adjusting
the radius of inner ring radius. This wavelengths are needed in
telecommunication systems due to low loss properties.
III. SIMULATION TOOL
The FDTD is the accurate method for designing and
analyzing electromagnetic problems[7].The Photonic crystals
demultiplexer systems analyzed by using powerful method called
FDTD[7] it's algorithm for solving Maxwell equations in the time
domain. Here, the Band solve software is used to study of
electromagnetic waves behaviors in our proposed design
Photonic band gap.
IV. PHOTONIC BANDGAP CALACULATION
Two dimensional(2D) Photonic crystal play major role in
designing optimum Filter[4].The designed Photonic crystal
composed of dielectric pillars in air on square array with lattice

constant , as shown in Fig. 1, the radius of rods are r=116nm and


refractive index of the rods n=2.71.

Fig 1: 31*41 PC Structure introducing before defects

Fig.4.Proposed Design Filter


Designing resonant cavity based on following factors:
(1) Removing the rods in square shape by defects.
(2)By adjusting radius of corner rod.
(3)Radius of inner square and outer square rings
V. DEMULTIPLEXER STRUCTURE DESIGN

Fig 2: Band diagram for 31*41 structures

Fig 3: Brillioun zone


The proposed Photonic Band diagram[6] for the radius of rods
116nm and lattice constants 520nm as shown in Fig.2.Here TE
mode is selected ,as a mode light propagate in perpendicular to
air pores. During this mode reflection in propagating path is
very low as compare to TM mode generally TM mode has no
PBG for the propagation. If we observe that PBG possible
range to make the propagation
of signal from
0.31<Wa/2C<0.44 in wavelength 1260 nm<<1677nm,this
range specifies its preferred wavelength for Optical
communication systems. Brillioun Zone is shown in Fig.3. it
says repeating space in Photonic crystal structure.

A Proposed model for two port DWDM demultiplexer with


inverted P-shaped inner ring design show in fig 3,this model
use square resonators[9] by removing a square shape of
columns on the square lattice. First in order to receive the
signal ,rows of rods being removed ,Second in order to
demultiplexer two port with P structure design, First output
port designed with upper central ring rod radius to be 0.7r and
side defects of square resonant cavity radius be 0.826r and
corner rod radius 0.4r.It is important to state that by changing
the radius of rod output of resonant power is vari

Second output Port square resonant cavity designed with center


rods of radius to be 0.8r and side defects of square resonant cavity
be 0826r.In the following analysis, we have considered to tune the
different wavelength based on the applications required, it can
done by changing the inner ring rod radius from 0.826r to 0.836r.

Fig 4: Height coded model for Proposed Structure

Fourier Transform (FFT) .This spectrum is shown in Fig.5.We


can observe the output port 2 wavelength at 1556 nm from
lower wave guide. The transmitted power efficiency in this
wavelength is about 80% and FWHM for power spectrum is
1nm.For the output port 1 wavelength at 1557 from upper
wave guide .The transmitted power efficiency is about 78% and
FWHM for the power spectrum is 0.9nm

Fig 5:.Normailized power transmission spectrum at


1=1556nm & 2=1557nm for R coupling=0.35r &Router
=0.826r

I. SIMULATION RESULTS & DISSCUSSION


During Simulation accuracy is very Important to
compare with real time systems[7], In order to get accurate
simulation one must satisfies this following criteria which
dependent to spatial and Temporal step size.

-----------(1)

It's important to set accurate time step for


performance analysis ,in our proposed system grid size
used in X direction is Period X/16 and 1000 time steps
which took about 600 min to compute the results, this
parameters will give reasonable results .
For improving efficiency , Port A radius of the inner
ring is Router =0.826r and Coupling rod radius Rcoupling=0.35r
respectively ,where r is radius of the rod. Following for
Port B radius of the inner ring is Router =0.826r and Coupling
rod radius Rcoupling=0.825r respectively. This spectrum is
shown in Fig.5.we also have analyzed for different coupling
rod radius Rcoupling=0.37r respectively, this spectrum is
shown in Fig 6.
The Gaussian input signal is launched in to input port
and normalized power transmission spectrum for output port1
and output port 2 of the proposed model is obtained by Fast

Fig 6:.Normailized power transmission


spectrum at 1=1556nm & 2=1557nm for R coupling=0.37r
TABLE.1 Quality factor for two different port

The normalized transmission specturm with respect to the


change of outer square radius rod Router=0.836r and
Router=0.826r shown in Fig.8(a)-Fig.5.

Fig.7.FDTD simulated results of field distribution at


(a)1=1556nm (b)2=1557nm

Fig.8.(a)Normalized transmission specturm for


varying side defects of square ring (b) Normalized
power spectrum for Router =0.836r

II. TUNING WAVELENGTH DEMULTIPLEXER


V.CONCLUSION
Tunable wavelength demultiplexer play a major role
in for expanding our application area in optical
communication systems[18].Generally tuning the resonant
wavelength by rearranging structural parameters like lattice
constant,refractive Index,structure of rods[15].Till the
present several mechansism carried out such as thermal
tuning[16],mechanical
tuning[17].In
the
designed
demultiplexer ,tuning of wavelength is achieved by changing
radius of inner rods square rings Rinner.The output port
designed with square resonant cavity radius be 0.826r its
varied to 0.836r ,Its conclude that for every change in 0.01
rod radius ,there is 1 nm resonant wavelength shift is shown
in Fig.8.The wide tuning range is feasible by alterning the
inner rods this analysis is more useful for many applications.

In this article ,increasing


the normalized power
spectrum is analyzed and studied for various coupling rod
radius and further analysis with tuning resonant wavelength by
changing inner rods radius of square shaped resonant cavity .
Spectrum of two channel demultiplexer structure with average
of 80% efficiency its proper power for working DWDM
applications. The demultiplexed wavelength of 1556nm and
1557nm which is
more suitable for
many optical
communication applications. One of the salient features of this
device is that by changing the radius of the rods, index
differences, the desired wavelength of output power and
Quality factor can be obtained.

REFERENCES
[1] J.D. Joannopoulos, R.D. Meade, J.N. Winn, Photonic
Crystals:Molding the Flow of Light, Princeton University
Press, Princeton,NJ, USA, 1995.
[2] Rostami .A, Nazari .F, Alipour Banaei .H and Bahrami
.A, (2010), A novel proposal for DWDM demultiplexer
design using modied-T photonic crystal structure,
Photon.Nanostruct.: Fundam Appl, Vol. 8, pp.1422.
[3] Z. Wang, S. Fan, Optical circulators in two-dimensional
magneto-optical photonic crystals, Optics Lett. 30 (2005)
19891991.
[4] S. Robinson, R. Nakkeeran,(2013),Two dimensional
Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator based Add Drop Filter for
CWDM systems,Optik124,pp.3430-3435
[5] K.S.Yee,Numerical solution of intial boundary value
problems involuing Maxwell's Equation in isotropic
media,IEEE trans.Anten.Propag 14(1996)302-307.
[6]J.B.Pendry,"Calculating photonic band structure"Journal of
Physics,Mat,Vol. 8,1996,pp.1085-1108
[7] A. Taflove, Computational Electrodynamics, The FiniteDifference Time- Domain Method, Artech House, Boston,
London, 2005.
[8]Hamed Alipour-Banaei , FarhadMehdizadeh ,n, Mahdi
Hassangholizadeh-Kashtiban ,(2014), A new proposal for
PCRR-based channel drop filter using elliptical rings
,(Elsevier) PhysicaE56(2014),pp.211215.
[9] Mohammad Ali A. Locatelli, D. Modotto, D. Paloschi,
C. De Angelis, All optical switching in ultrashort photonic
crystal couplers, Optics Commun.237 (2004) 97102
[10]G. Pelosi, R. Coccioli and S. Selleri, Quick Finite
Elements for Electromagnetic waves Artech House,
Boston, London, 1997.
[11] Nikhil Deep Gupta, Vijay Janyani, Dense wavelength
division demultiplexing using photonic crystalwaveguides
[12] Zhu Qile,Li Baujon,2006, 2006 Photonic crystal
waveguide-based mach- interferometer Demultiplexer.
Applied Optics ,Vol.45(35), pp.241-244 based on cavity
resonance, Optik 125 (2014) 58335836.
[13] Meron .Y, Tekeste Jan .M, Yarrison-Rice,2006 High
efficiency
photonic
crystal
based
wavelength
demultiplexer, Optics Express,Vol.31,pp. 79317942
[14].A. Kumar, B. Suthar, V. Kumar, Kh., S. Singh, A.
Bhargava, Tunable wavelengthdemultiplexer for DWDM
application using 1-D photonic crystal, Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett. Vol. 33 (2012) 2735.
[15]T.Asono,W.Kunishi,N.Nakamura,B.S.Song,S.Noida,Dy
anamic wavelength tuning of channel drop device in two
dimensional
photonic
crystal
slab,Electron.Lett.41(2005037-38.
[16]O.Levy,B.Z.Steinberg,I.Goldfarb,Mechanical tuning of
two dimensional photonic crystal cavity by micro electro
mechnaical flextures.A 139(2007)47-52.
[17]Sanja
Hadzialic,Soraiogulu,Aasmund
Sveinung
stubo,Olav Solgarrd,Displacement
sensing
witha a
mechanically
tunable
Photonic
crystal,IEEE
Photon,Technolo.Lett.22(2010)1196-1198.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen