Weaving/Textile

Ikat is a style of weaving that uses a resist dyeing process similar to tie-dye on
either the warp or weft before the threads are woven to create a pattern or design.
KALINGA TEXTILE
Kalinga Textile are characterized by dominant red stripes and motifs of geometric
patterns as well as nature symbols interlaced with white yellow and black fibers.
The gilamat ka-in (skirt) was traditionally woven in Lubuagan, but has become
universally used all over Kalinga.
The colours indigo and red symbolise sky and ground - the national colours of
Kalinga
A lone coin is attached as a pendant
The yellow portion is embroidered and depicts mountains. Yellow symbolises wealth,
as do the embroidered plants that refer to growth and fertility.
The colorful beads or "bongol" is a part of the native costume. It is always worn
during fiestas , weddings and important occasions
Ginamat -a beautiful, native costume from Kalinga.
The Bahag or G-String Of Kalinga
Bontoc Textile
Their motifs include geometric shapes of things around them such as man,
lizard, .mountain, rains and flower.
Siniwsiwan- Bontocs blanket and clothing.
This fabric is used for wanes or mens G-string (Bahag) and getup or Lufid
(Tapis)among women
Bontoc Blanket in traditional colours and with traditional motif
Married women of Bontoc and Kankanaey wears a type of belt called ginaspala
wanes with inawin
Inawin designs- composed of continous zigzag pattern.
Inawin designs- composed of continous zigzag pattern.
Sculpture - is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard
materials, typically stone such as marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials
such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer metals.

Carving -is one of the techniques used in sculpture

Carving-is the act of using tools to shape something from a material by scraping
away portions of that material
Kinds of carving
Bone carving
Chip carving
Gourd carving or Gourd art
Ice carving or Ice sculpture
Ivory carving
Stone carving
Petroglyph
Vegetable carving
Wood carving
Hobo nickel
Bulul or Bulol
The Bul-ul or Bulol is an Ifugao anthropomorphic carving that symbolizes an Ifugao
rice god or guardian spirits.
Bulul is a simplified shape of a human being, whether male or female.
It also signifies fertility and is sometimes believed to house spirits of ancestors.
Bulols are kept in the house or granary, and are usually made in pairs.
Chimeras Wood carving of half human and half animal (a man-dog; a man-frog; a
man-butterfly; a woman with goat horns and crab legs; a crocodile partly human;
duck and snake)
P.E. Notes on Arnis
Arnis, also known as Eskrima and Kali, is the national sport and martial art of the
Philippines. The indigenous martial art that the Spanish encountered in 1610 was
not yet called "arnis" at that time. During those times, this martial art was known as
Calis or Pananandata (use of weapons) to the Tagalogs, Pagaradmanto the Ilonggos
and Kaliradman to the Cebuanos.

Arnis also includes hand-to-hand combat, joint locks, grappling and weapon
disarming techniques. Although in general, emphasis is put on weapons for these
arts, some systems put empty hands as the primary focus and some old school
systems do not teach weapons at all.
Arnis comes from arns, Old Spanish for 'armor' (harness is an archaic English
term for armor, which comes from the same roots as the Spanish term). It is said to
derive from the armor costumes used in Moro-moro stage plays where actors fought
mock battles using wooden swords. Arnes is also an archaic Spanish term for
weapon, like in the following sentence from "Ilustracion de la Deztreza Indiana" by
Francisco Santos de la Paz in 1712
Eskrima (also spelled Escrima) is a Filipinization of the Spanish word for
fencing,esgrima. Their cognate in French is escrime and is related to the English
term 'skirmish'.
Origins
As Arnis was an art usually practiced by the peasant or commoner class (as
opposed to nobility or warrior classes), most practitioners lacked the scholarly
education to create any kind of written record. While the same can be said of many
martial arts, this is especially true for Arnis because almost all of its history is
anecdotal, oral or promotional. The origin of Arnis can be traced back to native
fighting techniques during conflicts among the various Prehispanic Filipino tribes or
kingdoms, though the current form has Spanish influence from old fencing which
originated in Spain in the 15th century. It has other influences as well, as settlers
and traders travelling through the Malay Archipelago brought the influence of silat
as well as Chinese, Arab and Indian martial arts. Some of the population still
practice localized Chinese fighting methods known as kuntaw.
It has also been theorized that the Filipino art of Arnis may have roots in India, and
came to the Philippines via people who traveled through Indonesia and Malaysia to
the Philippine islands. Silambam, a stick/staff based ancient martial art of India
influenced many martial arts in Asia like Silat. As such, Arnis may share ancestry
with these systems some Arnis moves are similar to the short stick (kali or kaji)
and other weapon based fighting styles of Silambam.
When the Spaniards first arrived in the Philippines, they already observed weaponsbased martial arts practiced by the natives, which may or may not be related to
present-day Arnis. The earliest written records of Filipino culture and life, including
martial arts, comes from the first Spanish explorers. Some early expeditions fought
native tribesmen armed with sticks and knives.In 1521, Ferdinand Magellan was
killed in Cebu at the Battle of Mactan by the forces of Datu Lapu-Lapu, the chief of
Mactan. Some Arnisadors hold that Lapu-Lapu's men killed Magellan in a swordfight, though historical evidence proves otherwise. The only eyewitness account of
the battle by chronicler Antonio Pigafetta tells that he was stabbed in the face and

the arm with spears and overwhelmed with multiple warriors who hacked and
stabbed at him.
The natives continued to pursue us, and picking up the same spear four or six
times, hurled it at us again and again. Recognizing the captain, so many turned
upon him that they knocked his helmet off his head twice, but he always stood
firmly like a good knight, together with some others. Thus did we fight for more than
one hour, refusing to retire farther. An Indian hurled a bamboo spear into the
captain's face, but the latter immediately killed him with his lance, which he left in
the Indian's body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out but
halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear. When the
natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him
on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a scimitar, only being larger.
That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon
him with iron and bamboo spears and with their cutlasses, until they killed our
mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. When they wounded him, he
turned back many times to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon,
beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which
were already pulling off.
Opinions differ on the degree to which Spanish rule in the Philippines affected Arnis.
The fact that a large number of techniques and the names of the arts themselves
(arnis/arnes, eskrima/esgrima, garrote, estoque, etcg) have Spanish names suggest
an influence. Some argue though that Spanish names in the martial art simply
reflect the fact that Spanish was the lingua franca of the Philippines until the early
20th century, and that actual Spanish martial influence was limited.
What is certain is that the Spaniards brought with them and used their bladed
weapon arts (including the system of Destreza developed by Carranza when they
started colonizing the archipelago in the 16th century. What is also known is that
the Spaniards recruited and trained mercenaries and soldiers from local people like
the Pangasinenses,Kapampangans, Tagalogs, Ilonggos, Cebuanos and Warays to
pacify regions and put down revolts.
The Arnis Law
Republic Act No. 9850 of the Congress of the Philippines, approved on December 11,
2009 declares Arnis as the national sport and martial art of the Philippines for
promoting patriotism, nationalism and appreciation of the role of national heroes
and symbols in the historical development of the country. There were many versions
of the Arnis Bill but the version chosen was drafted by Richardson Gialogo which
was submitted to the Senate. Because of this law, Arnis becomes a pre-requisite for
P.E. classes in most colleges in the Philippines.

Folk Songs

Kyrie

Salubong

Sitsiritsit Alibangbang

Gloria

Flores de Mayo

Bahay Kubo

Credo

Santacruzan

Rosas Pandan

Sanctus

Ili-ili Tulog Anay

Agnus Dei

Secular Music
Harana
Balitaw

Sacred
Music
Mass

Pastores

Kumintang

Senakulo

Polka

Pasyon

Art Music-kundiman
Highland Instruments
Gangsa- A single hand-held smooth-surfaced gong with a narrow rim. A set of
gangsa, which is played one gong per musician, consists of gangsa tuned to
different notes, depending on regional or local cultural preferences

Kalaleng or Tongali (nose flute) Because the kalaleng is long and has a narrow
internal diameter, it is possible to play different harmonics through overblowing
even with the rather weak airflow from one nostril.
Diwdiw-as is 5 or more different size of slender bamboo that is tied together.
Saggeypo it is a bamboo pipe that is closed on one end by a node with the open end
held against the lower lip of the player as he blows directly across the top.
Solibao
Bungkaka- bamboo buzzer
Kullitong- polychord bamboo tube zither
Ulibaw- bamboo jaws harp
Patangguk- bamboo quill-shaped
Pateteg- bamboo leg
Paldong- bamboo lip-valley

RONDALLA
Ito ay grupo ng stringed instrument
na ginagamitan ng pick at ito ay tinatawag na

 Plectrum Instruments ang salitang rondalla ay galing sa salitang spanish ronda

na ang ibig sabihin ay serenade
Ito ay nagsimula at nanggaling sa Spain, ito ay dinala sa Pilipinas noong 1800s
Mga Instrumento
BANDURIA-Noong 18th century ang bandurria ay flat-backed na may limang
dobleng courses ng strings, pero ang orihinal nito at meron lamang 3 strings, pero
ang bandurria ngayon ay meron nang 12 strings.
LAUD-Ang Lad ay katulad lang ng bandurria, ito ay may 12 na strings, pero ito ay
mas mababa ng isang octave.
OCTAVINA-Ito ay isang guitar-shaped na may katulad na tono ng Lad, ito ay
nagmula sa spain, ngayon ay ginagamit na ito sa ibat ibang kultura kasama na dito
ang pilipinas.
BAJO DE UNAS- Ito ay may pinakamababang pitch at ito ay nalikha noong 18th -19th
century
GITARA- Mula sa salitang Chitara, ito ay isang popular na instrumento na madalas
merong 6 na strings, ito ay madalas tinutugtog gamit ang plucking at
Strumming
Brass Band
A musical ensemble playing in the streets that generally consist of entirely brass
and woodwind instruments.
It was Eliodoro Chico y Bustamante, a Tagalog priest, who organized the first local
band in Gapan, Nueva Ecija on November 22, 1820. He appointed his relative,
Lorenzo Zabat y Chico, to supervise the band. It
The first Filipino to be recognized as band director is Leonardo Silos (1826-1910). At
about age 20, he was appointed director of the band of the Spanish Armys
Regiment No. 5. His third son, Rosalio, directed Banda Pasig, a contemporary of
Banda Zabat.as called Banda Zabat and became famous in Nueva Ecija and the
surrounding provinces.
Musikong Bumbong
D Original Malabon Musikong Bumbong and was organized since 1896 mostly
composed of Katipuneros from Tonsuya, Malabon. And is now under the leadership
of Col. Gilbert M. Ramos (Ret).

Bamboo Organ
The Las Pias Bamboo Organ in St. Joseph Parish Church in Las Pias
City, Philippines, is a 19th-century church organ with unique organ pipes; they are
made almost entirely of bamboo. It was completed in 1824 by Father Diego Cera,
the builder of the town's stone church and its first resident Catholic parish priest.
After age and numerous disasters had rendered the musical instrument unplayable
for a long time, in 1972, the national government and the local community joined
together to have the organ shipped to Germany for restoration
The organ was declared a National Cultural Treasure of the Philippines in 2003. The
St. Joseph Parish Church, the church museum at the old convent house, and the
famous organ is a popular tourist destination for Filipinos and foreign visitors alike in
Las Pias.
Angklung Ensemble
The angklung is a musical instrument from Indonesia made of two to
four bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved to have a
resonant pitch when struck and are tuned to octaves, similar to American handbells.
The base of the frame is held in one hand, whilst the other hand shakes the
instrument. This causes a repeating note to sound. Each of three or more
performers in an angklung ensemble play just one note or more, but altogether
complete melodies are produced
The angklung is popular throughout Southeast Asia, but it originated in what is
now West Java and Banten provinces in Indonesia, and has been played by
the Sundanese for many centuries. Angklung and its music has become the cultural
identity of Sundanese communities with a possibility of cultural transmittance to
various other places such as Malaysia & the Philippines over the course of several
centuries.
Playing angklung as an orchestra requires cooperation and coordination, and is
believed promotes the values of teamwork, mutual respect and social harmony
Himig Pangkat Kawayan
The Pangkat Kawayan otherwise known as the Singing Bamboosof the
Philippines is a unique orchestra that draws music from unconventional bamboo
instruments. This orchestra is composed of musically talented students from the
elementary schools of Quezon City and Manila whose ages range from 8 to 19
years.
Its direction and management is under Maestro Victor O. Toledo, conductor and
Musical Director; Miss Elena C. Carlos, Managing Director and Miss Laura Gorospe,

Executive Director. This dynamic troika has led the group through the years since
September 6, 1966 when it was founded.
The group's musical instruments, numbering more than a hundred are made of six
genera of the versatile bamboo in various sizes, shapes and designs. Include the
bamboo tube or bumbong, the bamboo marimba or talungating, the bamboo
piano or tipangklung, the bamboo flute or tulali, the bamboo knockers or
kalatok, and the bamboo musical rattles, the Philippine angklung. Completing
the bamboo assortments are the drums, cymbals gong and triangle.
The forte of this bamboo band is native Philippine airs, mostly folksongs from
different regions of the country. However, the group's repertoire also includes folk
melodies from other countries, modern and popular music and some light classics