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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY


COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
CITY OF MALOLOS, BULACAN

SAFETY MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING


ES 642

PRELIMINARY RESEARCH IN VALUE BASED SAFETY


AND OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY

PREPARED BY: GROUP 3/BSCE-4B


LEADER:

BALTAZAR, ADRIAN PAUL F.

MEMBERS: AGUILA, ROCEL NIA S.


AMEN, CYROSE JOHN
CERVANTES, DAVID JAMES A.

SUBMITTED TO:

DAVID, ROBERTO G.

ENGR. ENRIQUE M. SUNDIAM

HERNANDEZ, WILBERT G.
MANGALONZO, JEROME A.
NUQUE, LERVIN
PANGANIBAN, CEEJAY D.
RUIZ, JOHN RAZELL A.
TAYAO, JOLO MARI, V.

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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety


VALUE BASED SAFETY
Value Based Safety is a positive, employee-driven system of safety observations,
feedback, and problem-solving that is highly effective and extensively field-tested.
Steps:

Establishing Mission, Values, and Milestone Targets


Creating the Safety Observation Process
Designing Feedback and Involvement Procedures
Developing Recognition and Celebration Plans
Planning Training and Kickoff Meetings
Conducting Management Review

THE PROCESS
Helps ensure that employees are doing the right things for the right reasons.
Establishing Mission, Values and Milestone Targets, Creating the Safety Observation
Process, Developing Recognition and Celebration Plans, Planning Training and Kickoff
Meetings, Conducting Management Review, Brainstorm Actions Likely to Impact the
Process, Pinpoint Those Practices, Sort These Practices into Value Categories, Use
Values in Designing Your Safety Process, Discuss Values During Kickoff Meetings and
Training, and Use Values as Criteria for Evaluation.

Safety as Value (Choice vs. Compliance)


Both are important, but they are not the same, In the ideal situation, they work
hand-in-hand. Results achieved: no accidents, injury or property damage; insurance
costs can be reduced; reduced business interruptions; employee moral is improved;
employees are more efficient and productive. Safety is the condition of being protected
against failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other event which could be
considered non-desirable. Safety is a living evolving concept, not a static paperwork
exercise.
Compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard
or law. It is on paper, someone else sets the standard, generally delegated to the safety
person. Having a written safety policy is part of being in compliance, but it is totally
useless for safety purposes if it is only on a piece of paper in a file in the safety office.
Safety as a Compliance
It means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or laws.
Having a written safety policy is part of being in compliance, but it is totally useless for
safety purposes if it is only on a piece of paper in a file in the safety office.
Safety as a Choice
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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety

It is condition of being protected against failure, damage, error, accidents, harm


or any other event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety is a living evolving
concept, not a static paperwork exercise.
Safety as a Value Choice Versus Compliance
Choice

Compliance

is in your heart and mind

is on paper

you set the standard higher

someone else sets the standard

you do it because it is the right thing to do

generally delegated to the "safety person"

OFF-THE-JOB SAFETY (RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC PLACES)


Off-the-job safety is the extension of an organizations on-the-job safety culture.
Off-the-job safety programs educate employees about being safe while not at work.
More importantly, off-the-job safety programs help save the lives of employees and their
families. Includes: People employed (part-time or full time ). Excludes: Children, Person
keeping house full-time, Retired, Unemployed, Other person not in the labor force.

Terminologies:
Workers all persons gainfully employed, including owners, managers, other paid
employees, the self-employed, and unpaid family workers but excluding private
household workers.
Non-workers children, persons keeping house full time, retirees, the unemployed, and
other persons not in the labor force.
Non-work injuries injuries that are not on-the-job (occupational) injuries. Such
injuries may involve workers or non-workers.
Off-the-job injury an unintentional non-work-related injury to individuals employed on a
full-time or part-time basis. This category excludes children, persons keeping house full
time, retirees, the unemployed, and other persons not in the labor force.
On the job (occupational) injury an unintentional injury resulting from a work-related
accident or from a single instantaneous exposure in the work environment.

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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety

Societal costs total cost of unintentional injury in a certain place or society, including
wage and productivity losses, medical expenses, administrative expenses, motorvehicle damage, employer costs, and fire losses. These costs may be borne by the
injured worker and his/her family, the workers employer, insurance companies, or
government (taxpayers).

Safety Organization of the Philippines


The Safety Organization of the Philippines (SOPI) is a non-profit, nongovernmental, national public service organization dedicated to protecting life and
promoting health. Members of SOPI includes businesses, schools, public agencies,
private group, labor organizations and individuals.

Elements of Off-the-Job Safety Management


1.Management Leadership and Commitment
Senior management must demonstrate a strong, genuine, continuous and personal
commitment to success by establishing, implementing and living the program.
2. Organizational Communications and System Documentation
All plans and procedures must be in writing and considered as important as any onthe-job safety program.
3.Evaluations and Continuous Improvement
A formal system of program tracking, evaluation, improvement, and accountability
must be created and implemented. The system should be improved and adapted as
needed.
4.Hazard Recognition and Evaluation
A system of identifying, evaluating and recording off-the-job safety hazards must be
established, and updated and adjusted on a regular basis.
5.Employee Involvement
In order to have meaningful employee involvement, there must be visible and frequent
evidence of management leadership and commitment.
6.Motivation, Behavior and Attitude
Management must demonstrate a genuine openness and response to employee ideas
and suggestions, and must develop an effective and appropriate recognition program.
7.Training and Orientation
Employers must offer adequate training as well as consistent and effective
communication to employees, their families and the community.

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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety


9 Risk Areas
Home and Recreational
Every room in your home presents different hazards that can easily be fixed,
whether its learning about knife and kitchen safety or preventing slips, trips and falls in
the bathroom. Learn how to make your entire home safer, including your kitchen,
bathroom, bedroom and the outside.
1. Drowning
Drowning in homes resulted in 1,000 deaths in 2011. Keep adults and children
safe in swimming pools and bathtubs by learning about water safety and the necessary
precautions your family should take.
Risk Factors of Drowning:

Lack of Swimming Ability


Lack of Barriers
Lack of Close Supervision
Location
Failure to Wear Life Jackets
Alcohol Use
Seizure Disorders

2. Falls
Falls are the second-leading cause of unintentional death in homes and
communities, resulting in more than 25,000 fatalities in 2009. The risk of falling, and fallrelated problems, rises with age and is a serious issue in homes and communities.
Common Locations for Falls:

Doorways
Ramps
Cluttered hallways
Areas with heavy traffic
Uneven surfaces
Areas prone to wetness or spills
Unguarded heights
Unstable work surfaces
Ladders
Stairs

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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety

3. Poisoning
Poisoning is responsible for more than half of all home-related unintentional
injury deaths and includes deaths from drugs, medicines, other sold and liquid
substances and gases and vapors. Young children are especially at risk for poisoning
related eating or swallowing over-the-counter and prescription medicines found in the
home.
Risk Factors of Poisoning:

Accessibility of substances
Overdose or improper use of medications
Taking with alcohol
Use of illegal drugs

4. Burns
The most common causes of burns are from scalds (steam, hot bath water, hot
drinks and foods), fire, chemicals, electricity and overexposure to the sun. Some burns
may be more serious than others, but many are treatable.
Risk Factors of Burn:

Domestic hot water


Hot objects, steam
Flammable fabrics
Alcohol use

5. Choking
Choking and suffocation is the third leading cause of home and community
death. Foods are responsible for most choking incidents. But for children, objects such
as small toys, coins, nuts or marbles can get caught in their throats. Choking can cause
a simple coughing fit or something more serious like a complete block in the airway,
which can lead to death.
Risk Factors of Choking:

Alcohol use
Dentures
Problems chewing/swallowing small parts, food pieces

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Value Based Safety and Off-the-Job Safety

6. Fire
Although deaths and injuries from residential fires have decreased in the past
several years, deaths from fires and burns are still the third leading cause of fatal home
injuries . Seventy percent of these deaths are from inhaling smoke. Two-thirds of deaths
from home fires occurred in homes with no smoke alarms or no working smoke alarms.
Fires are more likely to happen in certain areas or by certain equipment in your
house. Be extra careful while you're cooking, smoking, around candles, furnaces,
electrical cords and fireplaces, and with children, toddlers and babies nearby.
Risk Factors of Fire:

Lack of working smoke detectors


Improper use of smoking materials
Unattended cooking
Faulty heating equipment

7. Sports
Sports and exercise are good for you but often result in unintentional injury from
accidents, poor training practices and improper gear. Sports-related traumatic brain
injuries also have been on the rise and can range from mild (a brief change in mental
status or consciousness) or severe (an extended period of unconsciousness or
amnesia after the injury).
Risk Factors of Sports:

Age young, old


Coordination
Resistance to injury
Environmental conditions
Hard surfaces
Slippery surfaces, footwear
Unstable walking/working surfaces

8. Unintentional Overdoses
Unintentional Overdoses include deaths from prescription narcotics, illegal drugs
and alcohol. Recently, emergency room visits for non-medical use of prescription and
over-the-counter drugs have caught up with those for illegal drugs, each accounting for
1 million emergency room visits in 2008.

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Residences/Public Places
9. Road and Highway Venues
Every year nearly 36,000 people are killed and more than 3.5 million people are
injured in motor vehicle crashes, making it the leading cause of unintentional injuries
and death for people between the ages of 1 and 33. There are many different issues
affecting families traveling on the road and simple steps to reduce your likelihood of
getting into a motor vehicle crash.
Other Issues Related to Driving:

Distracted driving
Teen driving
Safety belts
Child passenger
Safety children in & around vehicles
Impaired driving
Aggressive driving
Mature driving
Motor-Vehicle Deaths:

Large trucks 4,800 deaths


3,600 are occupants of other vehicles
Pedestrians 5,900 deaths
(Source: Injury Facts, 2009 Ed.)

Personal Safety At Home

Install and use a peephole in your front door.


Keep drapes or blinds down after dark.
Leave lights on in two or more rooms to show people that you are home (a well-lit
home keeps unwanted intruders away).
Be extremely careful about letting strangers into your home.
Be suspicious of visits by people that you didnt call.
Keep your home secure at all times.
Change the locks after moving into a new house or apartment (Friends and
neighbors of the people who lived there before may still have a key).
When you leave make sure that doors and windows are locked.
Install a home security system.

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Install lighting that will come on (motion sensor) if someone is outside your
house.

Personal Safety ( Residences and Public Places )

Think Safety (know that a danger could exist).


Realize that you could become a victim
Have a plan - know what you will do if a dangerous situation comes up.
Use good judgment.
ALWAYS TRUST YOUR INSTINCTS - If something feels wrong, it probably is.
When you are out be aware of your surroundings and avoid potentially
dangerous situations.
Carry a cellular phone in case of emergency.
Choose well-lighted streets when walking at night.
Walk with a friend.

Personal Safety (Automobile)

Your car doors should ALWAYS be LOCKED, even in your own garage. Make it
automatic to lock all your doors.
After dark you NEVER park where it's dark. If you go there when it's daylight, you
never park where it WILL BE dark when you come out.
If the only available spaces are dark, you sit in your locked car until one opens up
in a lighted spot or go to a different place.
Even if your car is locked, you should always look underneath it from a safe
distance. From 20-feet you can see under your car to the other side without
crouching. NOTICE: LOOK INSIDE before you get into your car. Do this even in
the daytime.
If you see ANYTHING wrong, like shoes on the other side of the car but no head
above the roofline, or a lumpy blanket on the back floor, you act like you've
forgotten something and return to the building to call the police.

SAFETY AS RELATED TO HEALTH PRACTICES


Safety - the state of being safe; freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury, danger, or
loss.
Health Practices - refer to those actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and
promote self-care, cope with challenges, and develop self-reliance, solve problems and
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make choices that enhance health.

Principles
Health - care waste management policies or plans should include provision for
the continuous monitoring of workers health and safety to ensure that correct handling,
treatment, storage, and disposal procedures are being followed: proper training of
workers; provision of equipment and clothing for personal protection; establishment of
an effective occupational health programme that includes immunization, post-exposure
prophylactic treatment medical surveillance.
Workers protection
The production, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal of healthcare waste involve the handling of potentially hazardous material. Protection against
personal injury is therefore essential for all workers who are at risk. A comprehensive
risk assessment of all activities involved in health-care waste management, carried out
during preparation of the waste management plan, will allow the identification of
necessary protection measures. These measures should be designed to prevent
exposure to hazardous materials or other risks, or at least to keep exposure within safe
limits. Once the assessment is completed, personnel should receive suitable training.
Protective Clothing
The type of protective clothing used will depend to an extent upon the risk
associated with the health-care waste, but the following should be made available to all
personnel who collect or handle health-care waste:

Health and safety practices for health-care personnel and waste workers
Helmets, with or without visors - depending on the operation.
Face masks -depending on operation.
Eye protectors (safety goggles) -depending on operation
Overalls (coveralls) obligatory
Industrial aprons obligatory
Leg protectors and/or industrial boots obligatory
Disposable gloves (medical staff) or heavy-duty gloves (waste workers )
Personal hygiene
Basic personal hygiene is important for reducing the risks from handling healthcare waste, and convenient washing facilities (with warm water and soap) should
be available for personnel involved in the task. This is of particular importance at
storage and incineration facilities.

Immunization
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Viral hepatitis B infections have been reported among health-care personnel
and waste handlers, and immunization against the disease is therefore
recommended. Tetanus immunization is also recommended for all personnel handling
waste.
Management Practices
Many of the management practices recommended contribute to a reduction in
risk for personnel who handle health-care waste; these are summarized as follows:

Waste segregation: careful separation of different types of waste into different


and distinct containers or bags defines the risk linked to each waste package.
Appropriate packaging: prevents spillage of waste and protects workers from
contact with waste.
Waste identification (through distinct packaging and labeling): allows for
easy recognition of the class of waste and of its source.
Appropriate waste storage: limits the access to authorized individuals only,
protects against infestation by insects and rodents, and prevents contamination
of surrounding areas.
Appropriate transportation: reduces risks of workers being exposed to waste.

Special Precautions for Clearing up Spillages of Potentially Hazardous


Substances
For clearing up spillages of body fluids or other potentially hazardous
substances, particularly if there is any risk of splashing, eye protectors and masks
should be worn, in addition to gloves and overalls.
Cytotoxic Safety
The senior pharmacist of the health-care establishment should be designated to
ensure safe use of cytotoxic drugs.
Large oncological hospitals may appoint a full-time Genotoxic Safety Officer, who
should also supervise the safe management of cytotoxic waste. The following key
measures are essential in minimizing exposure: written procedures that specify safe
working methods for each process; data sheets, based on the suppliers specifications,
to provide information on potential hazards; established procedure for emergency
response in case of spillage or other occupational accident; appropriate education and
training for all personnel involved in the handling of cytotoxic drugs.
Response to Injury and Exposure

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A program of response should be established that prescribes the actions to be
taken in the event of injury or exposure to a hazardous substance. All staff who handle
health-care waste should be trained to deal with injuries and exposures .

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