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OPERATIVE DESIGN A Catalog of Spatial Verbs Anthony Di Mari == Nora Yoo OPERATIVE DESIGN A Catalogue of Spatial Verbs Di Mari, Anthony OPERATIVE DESIGN Yoo, Nora 4 Catalogue of Spatial Verbs Operative Design: A Catologue of Spatial Verbs BIS Publishers Het Sieraad Building Postjesweg 1 1057 DT Amsterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0)20 5150230 F +31 (0)20 5150239 bis@bispublishers.n| www.bispublishers.nl ISBN: 978-90-6369-289-6 Copyright © 2012 BIS Publishers, Anthony Di Mari and Nora Yoo Fourth printing 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owners. While every effort has been made to trace all present copyright holders of the material in this book, any unintentional omission is hereby apologized for in advance, and we should of course be pleased to correct any errors in acknowledgments in any future editions of this book. The drawings in this book are entirely the work and interpretation of the authors, based on publicly available information and resources supplied by the firms whose work is represented herein. Anthony Di Mari Nora Yoo BISPUBLISHERS 16 106 126 Foreword Introduction ———— Operations Combinations Ee Aggregations implementations | Foreword This project was inspired by a unique dual perspective on architectural education. As recent Masters in Architecture graduates, | worked with Anthony and Nora as we took our first steps into the posi-school warld through studio instructorships — teaching much of the knowledge we had just assimilated ourselves. Through our own design studies as well as our creative crafting of studio curriculum, we discovered a theme in architectural pedagogy — the platfarm of possibilities offered by operations as design “actions” The operations collected in this publication are but a sampler, a fragment of those we have encountered in our own work as well as that of ‘our students, used as kick-starters for compelling spatial exploration The power in the operational verbs exemplified in this book is that each provide a portal to the abstraction of space. The action potential captured in each simple word unlocks possibilities that, without this ‘key! would be obscured by our own widespread and preconceived tropes of the built world, A “house” need not always be the same expected idea of a house if you begin the process of designing it from a novel starting point - a word that opens up a limitless breadth of creative spatial results. In our teaching, we found that beginning design projects with spatial operations as the first step allowed our students to translate their conceptual ideas and ‘everyday’ observations into the new spatial language of architecture they were just beginning to learn. This approach to teaching also encouraged this type of design thinking before program, the defined use of a given space, was even introduced. We discovered that, with the introduction to an operative term, our students were able to unlock studies in volumetric relationships, proximities, adjacencies, and experiential factors without being weighed down by their familiar or preconceived notions of what the space was meant to be. The assignment of building typologies and their associated programs followed next in our design process. These specifics found roots in much more engaging and interesting construcis when the sequence was initiated through an abstract spatial operation. Because of the impact these verbs had on our own design work, as well as on the student projects we have seen over the years, Anthony, Nora, and | Sscussed the possibility of creating a compilation of these explorations. | am happy to see this resultant product that grew from our inspiration to collect our operative design explorations into a graphic assembly. Megan Panzano June 2012 Introduction This book is, in its simplest definition, a catalogue. It is not, however, an dex definitive in its boundaries. Its ambition is rather to serve as a fundamental tool for spatial and architectural interpretation. The terms collected and illustrated herein provide a diverse set of entry points into the language of spatial design. These spatial operations are not ends unto themselves, but are instead a set of illustrated beginnings to activate architectural inquiry, assembled to ignite the design process. Richard Serra's Verb List Compilation: Actions to Relate to Oneself’ works in a similar way, showing how language can invoke form, as well as one's experience or interaction with it. His list, which includes 'to fold," 'to modulate,’ ‘of tension,' 'of entropy,’ carefully balances what can be read as @ systematic approach along with its effect on the consideration of spatial character, or essence. It is at once defined and yet limitless in what it could yield formally and experientially. The verbs contained in this book are organized within a systematic framework to begin to differentiate how they operate volumetrically. The categories set up in the table of contents are meant to initiate spatial opportunities rather than to limit them. This catalogue thus introduces the possibility of understanding spatial formation as a process that can be derived from fundamental actions, here grouped into volumetric addition, subtraction, or displacement, which define a lexicon of starting points for the creation of space and also imply the relationship between oneself and the space created. Richard Serra. Verb List Compilation: Actions to Relate to Oneself 1967-1968. 8 Surface + Volume The focus on surface in contemporary architecture has resulted in the =solution of designing building envelopes, performative grounds and @ecscapes via a planar manipulation. The pursuit of manipulating a plane Srough simple operations — folding, weaving, wrapping — as a process of Q="erating buildable surfaces, also provides a lagic for understanding meted volumes. These surface operaticns suggest that spatial design is == active feedback loop between the 2D plane and the 3D volume. “om design practice to academic pursuits and methodologies, spatial configuration through surface manipulation generated diverse ideas and Slowed for a wide range of recently built examples of this kind of ‘folded’ = viecture. There are a number of precedents to this book that focus on ese surface operations, including its topical published predecessors, Folding Architecture’ and Supersurfaces. As a precursor to, these works, Steven Holl's ‘Correlational Programming’ studies in Parallax’ explored the @=2 of spatial formation through two-dimensional line drawings that imply ecove relationships between defined areas and also between those areas 206 2 ground plane, or datum. An indexing of the qualities and Seacieristics of surface manipulation can be found in Foreign Office Sechitects' ‘Classification System’ in Phylogenesis.” Operative Design extends the focus from surface to volume. Volumetric S202! operations, similar to surface manipulations, present a platform upon ech to begin the design process. This book thus inserts itself into the ng discourse with a new angle — that of exploring decidedly volumetric ctions, which immediately evoke, merely through the fact that the ase blocks used here are three-dimensional, an understanding of mhabitable space and the dimension of scale. /yzoviti. Folding Architecture (Amsterdam: BIS, 2008). : {yzoviti. Supersurfaces (Amsterdam: BIS, 2006). Steven Holl. ‘Correlational Programming’ in Parallax. (Princeton: New York, 2000), 212-213, =O4 Classification System’ in Phyfogenesis: FOA’s Ark. (Barcelona: Actar, 1999). Implementations In addition to providing a translation through which one can enter into the design process, this book's intention is also to serve as an interpretive guide for reading or understanding works and spaces that already exist. In the Implementations section, selected projects highlight what could be read as volumetric operative moments in these built works, all of which have resulted in highly compelling and complex spaces. The hope is that it can inspire a new approach to thinking about the interaction of volumes in space, at various scales, for both those that already do exist, as well as those that do not. House N by Sou Fujimoto Architects embodies a clear illustration of how one can understand space through the lens of operative design. Although it certainly could have multiple interpretations, one clear reading is of the verb ‘nest,’ in both plan and section. This nesting operation frames both the project's programmatic relationships and the relationship of interior to exterior, which, through the carefully orchestrated fenestration in the design, allows for views and light to enhance this volumetric play. Photo by lwan Baan House N - Section House N - Plan Base Volumes 9 é Shear btract | Procedure = fn ranean nae 72 Se ee ee le i 2 ae ioc me Inscribe Subtract | Multi Volume Procedure =»=——— ‘Gese Volumes ee 1.#——_—__ E 80 Variations ci SGBLER BE i =» Puncture Subtract | Multi Volume Variations BoeSREBEEEEE ‘Combinations | A Inscribe Intersect Intersect Split Split p— Embed Embed Taper Bend | Bend | [Branch —_| eo eee Expand pL_Expand_] st A Shift Inscribe + Inscribe Subtract | Multi Volume Initial Volume ——— Operation - Inscribe ‘Combined Operations - inscribe + Inscribe intersect + Intersect Displace | Multi Volume tial Volume Operation - Intersect Combined Operations - Intersect + Intersect Split + Split Embed + Embed Displace | Single Volume Subtract | Multi Volume ritial Volume Operation - Split Operation - Embed Combined Operations - Split + Split Taper + Taper Bend + Bend Subtract | Single Volume Displace | Single Volume Initial Volume hitial Volume Operation - Taper Operation - Bend ao | ces lanen ar ace eee een Ben Da Zonet Combined Operations - Taper + Taper Combined Operations - Bend + Bend Branch + Branch Add | Multi Volume Initial Volume Operation - Branch ee Combined Operations - Branch + Branch _ Expand + Expand Add | Single Volume ‘nitial Volume pee rarer Bee eee Oe ee Operation - Expand 4 Combined Operations - Expand + Expand Shift + Shift Displace | Multi Volume Initial Volume Operation - Shift Combined Operations - Shift + Shift 94 Notch + Notch Subtract | Single Volume itial Volume Operation-Notch ‘Combined Operations - Notch + Notch Inscribe + Intersect Subtract | Multi Volume + Displace | Multi Volume Operation - Inscribe eee Operation - Intersect Combined Operations - Inscribe + Intersect 96 intersect + Split ‘Displace | Multi Volume + Displace | Single Volume ‘Operation - Intersect Operation - Split Combined Operations - Intersect + Split \ Ss Split + Embed Embed + Taper Displace | Single Volume + Subtract | Multi Volume ‘Subtract | Multi Volume + Subtract | Single Volume Operation - Split Operation - Embed ees en ei Operation - Embed Operation - Taper Parga ree seston ese Seg ec ae Combined Operations - Split + Embed ‘Combined Operations - Embed + Taper Taper + Bend + Branch Subtract | Single Volume + Displace | Single Volume ‘Segie Volume + Add | Multi Volume ae eer rr. Operations - Bend + Branch Operation - Taper Operation - Bend Combined Operations - Taper + Bend 100 Branch + Expand Add | Multi Volume + Add | Single Volume Operation - Branch Operation - Expand Combined Operations - Branch + Expand 102 Expand + Shift Add | Single Volume + Displace | Multi Volume Operation - Expand Operation - Shift Combined Operations - Expand + Shift Shift + Notch ® Notch + Twist Displace | Multi Volume + Subtract | Single Volume Subtract | Single Volume + Displace | Single Volume ‘Operation - Shift Operation - Notch : Ce Pes atleast eli eee ce coisas ort ee Operation - Notch Operation - Twist Combined Operations - Shift + Notch ‘Combined Operations - Notch + Twist 104 Reflect Expand L Skew | Pack Inflate Branch Aggregations Reflect | Expand Add | Single Volume a (2 Operation - Expand Aggregation Method - Reflect a Result Aggregation Variations Reflect + Pack | Skew Displace | Single Volume Operation - Skew Aggregation Method - Reflect Pack | Inflate Add | Single Volume COSMET eS Operation - Inflate Aggregation Method - Pack Variations = os HE Result 112 Pack + Stack | Branch Add | Multi Volume: POO a Base Volume S Operation - Branch SS Aggregation Method - Pack Variations —F 114 Stack | Bend Displace | Single Volume Aggregation oe Base Volume & 2 Operation - Bend % " G Aggregation Method - Stack @ Variations Result 116 Array + Stack | Rotate Displace | Multi Volume Base Volumes S Operation - Rotate Aggregation Method - Array Aggregation Variations Array | Taper Subtract | Single Volume. Aggregation = ann Base Volume Operation-Taper Aggregation Method - Array _ Result Serpe cece saca aoe ASB a : 120 Variations Ne Join + Array | Pinch Subtract | Single Volume Base Volume Operation - Pinch Aggregation Method - Join 122 Aggregation pu Variations ae ee Join | Split Displace | Single Volume Aggregation | eS e | Base Volume eS Aggregation Method - Join Variations Pezo von Ellrichshausen - Poli House | Powerhouse Company - Villa 1 —— RCR Arcquitectes - Casa para un Carpintero Sou Fujimoto Architects - House N a Suppose Design Office - House in Minamimachi 02 Aires Mateus - Nursing Home { Archivision Hirotani Studio - Leimondo Nursery School Barbosa and Guimaraes - Gouveia Law Courts dosmasunoarquitectos - Carabanchel Housing RTA Studio - Ironbank | Poli House ___ Pezo von Ellrichshausen Carve + Offset his Photo by Cristobal Palma Esrietersenices Thickened Openings Villa 1 Powerhouse Company aE: {) | Photo by Bas Princen | Volume Wrapper Embedded Entry Embed + Branch 9 2=—£ §$—@—-_$_$_ EE CANS oo: ae eS eee Oe a eee an ee ee _ Casa para un Carpintero CR Arquitectes Photo by Hisao Suzuki eleeaen core embeded ft) eee Embed + Overlap » SE House N Expand + Nest Photo by Iwan Baan Expanded Outer Volume Nested Private Program Nested Living + Dining House in Minamimachi 2 ‘Suppose Design Office oS — Overlapping Light Wells Photo by Toshiyuki Yano Stacked Program Expanded Volumes: Overlap + Expand Nursing Home Aires Mateus eee Shifted Volumes Photo by Femando Guerra Bent Massing Embedded Massing Bend + Shift gee a re oe ea hl ae et Leimondo Nursery School Archivision Hirotani Studio Photo by Kurumata Tamotsu | | | | Embed + Taper Sis ipo | Tapered Volumes Thickened Roof Embedded Program Gouveia Law Courts Barbosa and Guimaraes Carved Massing Photo by José Campos Lifted Program Carved Plinth Lift + Carve ee Carabanchel Housing Ignacio Borrego, Néstor Montenegro and Lina Toro | dosmasunoarquitectos e Photo by Miguel de Guzman Lift + Extrude Extruded Living Spaces Lifted Massing Carved Plinth lronbank RTA Studio Rotated Volumes i Photo by Patrick Reynolds Stacked Utility and Circulation Cores LL ee ens Overlap + Rotate »—— Sige, he ea purreae Acknowledgments To firms and photographers who have contributed to this publication : Aires Mateus RTA Studio Nursing Home Ironbank Building Photographer : Fernando Guerra Photographer : Patrick Reynolds Archivision Hirotani Studio Sou Fujimoto Architects Leimondo Nursery School House N Photographer : Kurumata Tamotsu Photographer : lwan Baan Barbosa and Guimaraes Suppose Design Office Gouveia Law Courts Photographer : José Campos House in Minamimachi 02 Photographer : Toshiyuki Yano dosmasunoarquitectos Ignacio Borrego, Néstor Montenegro and Lina Toro Carabanchel Housing Photographer : Miguel de Guzman Pezo von Ellrichshausen Poli House Photographer ; Cristobal Palma Powerhouse Company Villa 1 Photographer : Bas Princen RCR Arquitectes Casa para un Carpintero Photographer : Hisao Suzuki 148 We are grateful to the following for their collaboration and support : Harvard University GSD Melissa Vaughn, Mack Scogin, Marcela Delgado, Silvia Illia~Shedah| Clay Carroll, Carolina Hidalgo, and our students during the Career Discovery Program in Architecture Northeastern University School of Architecture Ivan Rupnik and students in the first year undergraduate studios BIS Publishers Rudolf van Wezel Our friends and families Special thanks to Megan Panzano for her collaboration and editing This book is dedicated to Joanna Ziegler. Biographies Anthony Di Mari Anthony Di Mari is an adjunct professor at Northeastern University's School of Architecture where he teaches first year architecture studios and advanced representation. He received his Bachelor of Arts in Architectural Studies from Holy Cross before completing a Master's degree in Architecture at the Graduate School of Design (GSD) at Harvard University. Anthony's competition work has been featured online through Inhabitat, Scientific American, CNN, and shiftBoston. His fabrication projects have been featured in exhibitions focused on the design process including Matter: design processes at the Bakery Design Collective in San Diego, California, and furniture featured at GreenHomeNYC’s The new New York event. His professional experience in the field of architecture includes work with Eisenman Architects, Rick Jay Architects, RCR Arquitectes, and Studio Luz. His studio is located in Boston, Massachusetts. 150 Nora Yoo Nora Yoo is an architectural designer in New York City. She received a Bachelor of Arts magna cum laude with honors in Architectural Studies and Hispanic Literature and Culture from Brown University. Following her undergraduate studies, she went on to receive her Master's degree in Architecture at the Graduate School of Design (GSD) at Harvard University. While studying at the GSD, Nora honed in on research regarding the application of design thinking to pressing global issues with Toshiko Mori, in addition to exploring the future of physical space for information exchange in her thesis with her advisor, Mack Scogin. In her professional career, she has taught studio at the GSD's Career Discovery program and has worked with Carlos Zapata Studio, SB Architects, Toshiko Mori Architect / VisionArc, and Architecture Research Office. Copyrighted Mabestal LBM S7B-FO-A3H9-259-6 AIM) Copprighted Mabertal

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