short. If they are cut too short, the 12° rake (slant) will be insufficient to provide clear- ance for the locking corner of the exit pallet. The pallet will then dig into the front side of the tooth, causing the escape wheel to recoil and possibly causing the clock to stop. When the teeth are shortened, their tips naturally become thicker, thereby reducing the available drop space. If they are found to be excessively thick, you can thin them by a judicious filing of the back curve of each tooth, as shown in Figure 14, until the tooth-tips become as thin as the space shown by thé arrow A. A curved file or an India oilstone slip can be used. This operation will also remove any burrs, if any remain from the top- ping shown in Figure 13. When the wheel is finished in this manner, fit it to the movement. A trial manipulation of the anchor will reveal that the escape teeth, formerly high as that at A, Figure 15, now only reach to the pallets at dotted line B and C. In this condition, the escape wheel will cause the anchor to trip back and forth like an alarm clock bell hammer. Therefore, both pallets will have to be extended to the amount indicated in black, below the dotted lines B and C. Extending both pallets equally will most likely provide the safe lock shown at B, and the alternate position D. Here it should be pointed out that, in theory, the operation described above is not sound, since it upsets the geometric proportions of the original escapement design. In actual practice, however, the method has provided to be a workable repair expedient. Do not expect to achieve the same result by lowering eccentric nut E. It will not work for the following reasons: The smaller the escape wheel, the closer its arbor must be to the anchor arbor and the smaller a circle must be scribed by the curved pallets. As mentioned above, if the escape wheel is made smaller than the original by topping, the geometric proportions in which the escapement was designed originally no longer exist. Turning down the eccentric nut will bring the escape wheel and anchor arbors closer, but since the circle scribed by the curved pallets cannot be made of a smaller diameter, be- cause their shape is fixed, the disproportion remains uncorrected. Furthermore, turning the eccentric nut down causes the outside drop to disappear, as shown in Figure 9. When the escape wheel was made smaller, the drop space was also slightly decreased. However, if the teeth are made thinner, the drop spaces will be sufficient as shown at G at inside drop, and the alternate position F at outside drop, in Figure 15. ‘This largest model 400-Day Clock was made by several manufacturers prior to World War I After 1949, it was again made by Kieninger & Obergfell, Aug. Schatz & Séhne, Konrad Mauch and Kern & Séhne. Kern was the last to discontinue the model in 1976. 19