INTRODUCTION

Mixing means to combine two or more substance to make different substance. Mixing is a
unit operation that involves manipulation of a heterogenous system with the intention to
make it more homogenous. It is a common operation in the industries process and generally
performed by a rotating impeller in a vessel. Mixing plays an important role in life especially
in waste treatment and in environment cleaning such as in sulphur dioxide absorption for
treatment in acid rain. . Many operations depend to a great extent on effective mixing of
fluids.
Mixing of liquid-liquid or solid-liquid system is a complex operation. The choice of mixer for
a particular application depends on the degree of bulk movement or shear mixing required by
the process. In order to predict full-scale requirements, it is usual to model the system and
apply dimensional analysis. Before the dimensional analysis can be used, three conditions
must apply:
Geometric similarity This will define the boundary conditions, corresponding dimensions
will have the same ratio.
Dynamic similarity This requires that the ratio of forces at corresponding points is equal to
that at other corresponding point. The modes of flow behaviour exist in a mixer laminar and
turbulent flow. Both these flow conditions may be described dimensionally but for turbulent
flow its behaviour is less significant
Kinematics similarityThis requires that velocities at corresponding points must have the
same ratio ac those at other corresponding points.
The modes of flow behaviour exists in a mixer laminar and turbulence flow. For turbulence
flow, it behaviour is less significant compared to laminar. In particular, the power number
becomes independent of Reynolds number beyond certain turbulence range. A further factor
to consider is the surface waves, which are described by the Froude number. In a mixer, this
phenomenon is usually function of the height of the vortex which forms. The effects of
placing baffles in the mixer vessel is also investigated. In this experiment, we used liquid
mixing apparatus (MB 23) as our operating machine.

THEORY
Mixing is performed to allow heat or mass transfer to occur between one or more steams,
components or phases. Mixing is a common operation in the process industries especially in
process engineering. It is generally performed by a rotating impeller in a vessel. The vessel is
provided with baffles which flat vertical strips set radially along the tanks Mixing plays a
important role in industrial waste treatment and in environmental cleaning, such as in sulphur
dioxide absorption for treatment of acid rain.
A lot of mixing situations that can be found in practice, including the involvement of high-or
low-viscosity fluids. In this experiment, the high and low viscosity substances used are water
and oil. Different impellers used in this experiment to get different patterns of mixture with
certain angular velocity.
In physics, the angular velocity is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement and
is a vector quantities which specifies the angular speed (rotational speed) of an object and the
axis about which the object is rotating.

Torque, moment, or moment of force is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an
axis. The SI unit of torque is Newton meter (N.m).

Where, F = force vector

r=position vector

Power of a body in angular motion or power of a rotating body can be expressed is the
product of torque of angular motion and the angular velocity. Power can be defined as

P= T

Where P = power (W)

T = torque or moment (Nm)
= angular velocity (rad/s), 1 rad = 360o / 2 =~ 57.29578o

CONCLUSION
We conducted two types of experiment using two different types of impeller. First, we used
the flat blade impeller with baffle and without baffle. Second, we used turbine impeller with
baffle and without baffle. From the observation, it can be concluded that different impellers
produce different type of flow patterns in a baffled tank and movement of pallets depend on
speed and direction. In a baffled tank, flat blade and turbine impeller produced radial flow
pattern but flat paddle more swirling. For a tank without the baffle, it can be concluded that
all two type of impellers produced the same flow pattern which is tangential flow pattern. In
first experiment has showed that with baffles, it will increase rate of mixing and kinetic
energy of the atoms of fluid. So mixing will become complete quickly. Flat paddle has the
high rate of mixing because it mixes at all place in fluid compared with turbine.
Next, we observed the power consumed by mixer varies with speed, type of impeller and
with the inclusion of baffles. So we plot the graph like in the tabulated result. Based on the
results and the graph obtained, it can be seen that power consumed increases as the speed
increases. It also can be seen that the power consumed in a baffled tank is higher than in an
unbaffled tank. In addition, in our experiment we get that for the flat blade impeller the power
increased with respect to the increases of speed. The power of flat blade impeller with baffle
is bigger compared to the flat blade impeller without baffle. For the turbine impeller with
baffle we get the power is bigger compared to the turbine impeller without baffle. Based on
calculated power consumed with different impellers, flat blade paddle has highest power
consumed because of its surface area that contacted with fluid. With baffles, higher power is
needed because it increases the kinetic energy to be overcome and it has destroyed vortex of
fluid.
In a nutshell, we can conclude that for each impeller which is flat blade and turbine, it mixes
fluid with the maximum performance with the baffle inside the tank compared to the tank
without baffle. Besides, the shape and diameter of the impeller affect the speed of the rotation
impeller. The fluid flow smoothly when there is no baffle inserted while the fluid flow
randomly in stagnant direction when inserting baffles because the baffle created resistance in
the tank, so it will disturb the flow of the water.
Last but not least, for some improvements, ensure that the equipment is in a proper operating
good and the tank should be cleaned thoroughly especially after conducting the experiment to

prevent the oil and water from mixing. It is also to overcome and obtain the accurate result
during experiment.

REFERENCES

1. Thermodynamics Lab Manual (2016), Faculty of Chemical Engineering.

2. Scribd, (2016). Exp 4- Fluid Mixing. Retrieved 1 December 2015, from
https://www.scribd.com/doc/143903013/Exp-4-Fuid-Mixing
https://www.scribd.com/doc/72158398/Exp3-Fluid-Mixing
3. Mixing (process engineering). (2016, September 19). In Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 September 2016, from
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mixing_
%28process_engineering%29&id=740113817
4. Mixing of complex fluids with flat-bladed impellers: effect of impeller geometry and
highly shear-thinning behaviour. (2004). Retrieved 1 December 2015, from
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