Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
SUMRIO
Agradecimentos, 7, 8 e 9
Apresentao, 11
Palavra do Autor, 12
O Caminho do Berimbau de Barriga, 13
A Percusso do Berimbau de Barriga, 16
OInstrumento, 17
Grafia,l9
Tcnica de Execuo, 20
l.como segurar o berimbau, 20
2. como percutir no instrumento, 21
Explicao para leitura de grafia musical, 22
Articulao das notas, 24
Forma de tocar as notas, 25
-Exerccios com nota aberta, 26
-Exerccios com nota presa, 27
-Exerccios com nota aberta e presa, 28
-Exerccios com nota de efeito, 29
- Exerccios com nota de efeito e nota aberta, 30
- Exerccios com nota de efeito e nota presa, 32
- Exerccios com as trs notas, 34
-Explicao sobre colcheias, 36
-Exerccios com nota aberta, 37
-Exerccios com nota presa, 38
-Exerccios com notas abertas e presas, 39
-Exerccios com nota de efeito , 40
-Exerccios com notas presas e de efeito, 43
-Exerccios com notas abertas e de efeito, 46
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
AGRADECIMENTOS DE ANGOLA
Rodrigo Mouraes
AGRADECIMENTOS PERNILONGO
Rodrigo Mouraes
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Produzido pela Escola de Msica e Estdio Arte Rtmica
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Rodrigo Mouraes
APRESENTAO
Rodrigo Mouraes
ll
PALAVRA DO AUTOR
12
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
13
14
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
15
A PERCUSSO
DO BERIMBAU-
DE-BARRIGA
TCNICA E GRAF IA
Este trabalho tem por objetivo constituir um roteiro
prtico e funcional para o ensino sistematizado do berimbau
aplicado capoeira e na percusso brasileira, alm do registro de
rtmos nunca an tes escritos em pauta como o caso dos ritmos de
Angola, extrados elo Pai de nosso Berimbau de Barriga, o HUNGO.
Utilizamos como ponto de partida os elementos responsveis pela
composio das frmul as rtmicas, sistematizamos tcnicas e
propusemos exerccios de forma facilitada com base na notao
musica l.
Aqui, a sistematizao ela escrita no se limita
representao grfica padronizada. No tivemos a pretenso ele
abordar todo o assunto e esgot-lo. Tambm no pretendemos
criar um mtodo perfeito ou ideal no que diz respeito tcnica,
ritmos e escrita. Alm do que a boa performance do instrumen tista
vir com estudos e dedicao .
Moveu-nos sim, acima ele tudo, o desejo ele contribuir para
a comunicao escrita do berimbau -e da percusso de um modo
geral -, bem como o de tornar possvel a escolarizao desse
instrumento.
Considero que at o presente momento esse seja um
materia l singular no que diz re speito abordagem e
desenvolvimento de exerccios elaborados exclusivamente para o
ensino do Berimbau de Barriga , alm do registro de ritmos
angolanos do Hungo adaptados a nossa forma de tocar e tratados
com ateno merecida. E provavelmente este seja mais um passo
no sentido de lanar os fundamentos de um estado relacional entre
a espontaneidade da msica ela capoeira - em especial do
Berimbau-de-barriga- e o ambiente acadmico-musica l.
16
Rodrigo Mouraes
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GRAFIA
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TCNICA DE EXECUO
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RITMOS
Nesta fase trataremos dos ritmos mais usados no berimbau,
em jogos de capoeira. Portanto, para o prximo passo esperamos que
o instrumentista j esteja um tanto ntimo do instrumento. As notas
que produz devem estar bem definidas e com boa sonoridade, alm
de dominar a leitura das divises rtmicas propostas nos exerccios
anteriores.
Nos dias de hoje, no Brasil, so usados, gera lmente, trs
berimbaus nas rodas de capoeira. Cada qual com sua peculiaridade
sonora e fsica. E nas regies diferentes do pas usam-se nomes
distintos para identific-los mas, comum usar o nome de Gunga
para o berimbau com cabaa maior; Mdio para o de cabaa mdia;
Viola para o que tem a cabaa menor. Normalmente, nos grupos em
que existam bons conhecedores e tocadores do instrumento, cada
berimbau desempenha um papel definido na composio do ritmo,
criando com isso uma harmonia de trs vozes (3 berimbaus) como na
entidade Abad-Capoeira. Seu fundador, mestre Camisa, buscou
sonoridade singular para desenvolver tal harmonia. Buscou,
basicamente, em alguns ritmos um diferencial para seu grupo,
contudo, sem perder as origens dos ritmos de capoeira Angola e
Regional, ou seja, influncia que o mestre traz desde criana, do lugar
onde nasceu e cresceu, e de quando ouvia os berimbaus soarem.
Percebe-se assim que o Gunga mantm o ritmo principal e, o Mdio,
segue o ritmo contrrio, por exemplo: O Gunga toca a nota aberta, j
o Mdio toca a nota presa enquanto o Viola improvisa (floreia) a
levada mas, sua ltima nota sempre tocada conjuntamente com a
ltima nota dos dois outros berimbaus. Embora tentamos
sistematizar um padro, na prtica, tudo depender da destreza do
instrumentista. Afinal, quem sente a msica e v o jogo acontecen-
Rodrigo Mouraes
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Rodrigo Mouraes
RITMOS DE HUNGO
BERIMBAU DE ANGOLA
XI NGUI LAMENTO
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ENGLISH
Rodrigo Mouraes
93
SU MMARY
IIH.IISII
94
Presentation - page 96
Words of the Author- page 97
The Route of th e Berimbau- page 98
lhe Percussion ofth e Berimbau de Barriga - page 101
The Instrument - page 102
Writings- page 104
Execution Technics- page 105
1.how to hold the berimbau- page 105
2. how to percuss on the instrument - page 106
Explanati on for reading the musi ca l writings- page 107
Articulation of the notes- page 109
Pattern s on how to play the notes- page 110
Ex planation about the Eighth Notes,- page 111
Study Usi ng The Cabaa,- page 112
Rhythrns,- page 113
Rhythms of Hungo Berimbau of Angola,- page 115
-Exercises with open note- page 26
-Exercises with held note- page 27
-Exerci ses with open and held note- page 28
-Exercises with effect note - page 29
-Exercises with effecft note and open note - page 30
- Exerci ses with effect note anel helei note - page 32
-Exerci ses com three notes - page 34
-Explanation about rhythrnic divisions in eighth notes- page 36
-Exercises with open note- page 37
-Exercises with held note- page 38
-Exercises with open and helei notes - page 39
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
ENC:LISU
95
PRESENTATION
IIIGliSII
The purpose of doing this methocl appeared when we realizeel
that there was a gap on the stuely of the Berimbau. We are aware of th e
importance of the rhythm anel sound of this Instrument for lhe Capoeira
anel the Brazilian Popular Music. We unclerstanel that lhough lhe
instrument has already gained the worlel, we are still short in material to
promete" school " theretore we trieel Lo elraw a methoclology so tha t we
coulel learn how to play the berimbau with easy anel efficienl techniques.
Il was laborious to reach the end of this work, th e help of severa!
collaborators, investigators, musicians, Brazilian Capoeiristas anel
overseas, the research stretcheel out up to Angola, in Africa.
We realized cluring the whole walk for information, for sounels,
for rhythms, for techniques, for patterns that " the more \'le know about
this inslrument, t he more we know how much is left to learn ".
Neverth eless, we hope that this book woulel help those in neecl of
elementary support for the apprenticeship, as v1ell as, togeth er, we
manage to give a step aheacl as for the publicising, teaching, quality of the
instrumenta lists who appreciate the art of playing the berimbau, not Lo
mention of course, to increase confielence in the joy of playing th is
instrum ent.
96
Rodrigo Mouraes
ENGI.ISII
Rodrigo Mouraes
97
tf\H\1 ISII
98
To think abou t the origin of the Man is wil ling to reme mber of the
instan t in which we were produced, something very clistant for the
memory to reach. Anel to think on the orig in of some simple instrumen ts
like the crook, the ax, the pylon, the lance is wi lling to remember the early
chilclhoocl, some things might have been true because lhey have left a
small scar or something so but, most of the memories we intend to have of
ourselves are the actions we see in other babies anel imagine strongly we
have done that too.
So, simple instruments as the quoted ones above are not born
suddenly but, a birth for them is nalurally imagined. Doing so, we can fit
them in history anel give sequence to the li fe which belongs to them.
With the berimbau it does not seem to be different, I keep
wonde ring some men throwing sticks in small animais, then, someone in
some way rea lized that if straining a stick in the form of an arch, it would
have an instrument wh ich woulel sling things forwarel.
Of co urse that the best t hing to sling l hings woulel be a small
sharpeneel rod to injure small animais and to mal<e their capture easier.
Happy wi th the new techno logy, roasting meat on a f ire place, the
comm unity celebra tes the power of lhe technique of the arch anel arrow
- the objects as well as everything need to be nominated to occupy a
place in our minei.
The arch and arrow became so inseparable of the nomadic
hunter that- why not? - were turned into their musical instrument anel
- why not? - the fi rst musical rope instrument on the earl h surface?
Now ... it is really very great, in this search for the origin of lhe
berimbau, to hear the explanations on how to choose, to gather anel to
bend the "hungo" which probably is the father of ou r Berimbau.
How the instrument was born. How the instrument travelleel around lhe
world.
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
EN Gil Sll
99
From now on it walks alone ... no! Not alone! But hand in hand
with lhe besl percussionists of the world , percussionists ... men who still
knows and manage to build the bri dge that lea ds us to the ordeal, that
leads us to the epiphany, that leads us to th e purgation, tha t gi ves back
humanity, at last I make mine the words of Mr Kitu xi, "nobody plays it
without bring out something from the bottom".
I NUII!'dl
100
Rodrigo Mouraes
Rodrigo Mouraes
tiiiGIISII
101
THE INSTRUMENT
r
- - --
I IIIW IS 11
------lf---
Rope of Rami
- - - +--- Stick
- - - - + - - - - - Stone or
Doub loom
_.:.:.-----+-- Caxixi
(a kind of coin)
11%-1.------
F~-~~-+- Ro p eofRami
-=--+--- Cabaa
[------+--
102
Wire fixing
Rodrigo Mouraes
l.lllr.IISU
RodriJo Mouraes
103
WRITING
[ Nt.IISII
104
Rodrioo Mouraes
EXECUTION TECHNICS
HOW TO HOLD THE BER IMBAU
E:.Nt1llSII
One of the difficulties found for those v1ho start with studing the
Berimbau-de-barriga is the balance of the instrument. Therefore, to
facilitate the supplantation of this inicia l difficult, we suggest that the
player initiats his/her studies sitting, supporting the Berimbau no the left
leg, holcling it correctly. Such proceclure will make him/her more familiar
with the instrument anel greater easiness in the execution of the
exercises.
Rodrigo Mouraes
105
How TO
tNGIISU
106
Rodrigo Mouraes
Examole:
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l) Compass: is the partition of lhe liming flow in a definit number of
pulses. Although, in thesis, we can have defined compasses by any
amount of pulses, in general, we work with groups of two, lhree or four.
;
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2) Pulse (timing): It is the time unit that for its constancy, guides th e
music rhythmically and passes over the whole musical work. The
com pass bars gather determined numbers of pulses and define the
rhythm characteristics of lhe several musical genre. Ex.: Samba = 2
pulses per com pa ss; Waltz = 3 pulses per compass; Rock'n Roll = 4
pulses per compass. ln t his example we have a quadruple time (4 beats).
The pulses ca n reveal sound or silence. ln this case the two first pulses
are soundless e the last two are sonoro us.
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"
Rodrigo Mouraes
107
3) Numbers: lhis numbers represent lhe com pass times (pul ses) in which
we should play or not: l (first beat); 2 (second beat); 3 (third beat); 4
(fourth beat).
5) This bar represents in the present work, the pulse ObeatO in wh ich we
must keep SILENCE, that is, we wi ll not play at the moment il appears, for
example: on the music sheet, composed by two compasses, given as an
example, we will not play th e beats l and 2 of the first compass anel 2, 3
and 4 of the second one.
108
Rodrigo Mouraes
Effecl note: note on which we just touch the stone on the wire and
percuss lhe wire with the drumstick, producing, lhus, a noisy sound.
I ~J(ill H
Open note: note on v1 hich we percuss, with the clrumstick, th e loose wire,
that is, without using the stone, producing in this way a more grave
sound.
or _ _ __ __
Note of the stone: note on which we percuss the wire with the stone (or
coin), arte r an open or held touch of the wire.
PS.: Note that each note is represented by a different symbol and a
differente position in the pentagram. When we write more then an eighth
note co nsecutively, we must link them wi th brackets. Example:
:M
Rodrigo Mouraes
109
I NC li' 11
For a better comprehension, lets ana lyse the music sheet with
lhe example above.
ln th is music sheet we find errect, open, held and silence notes.
As you start de CD you will listen to a count of 4 beats (Pulse)(Tracl< 2).
When v1e listen to the count of the pulse, v1e v1ill play the Silence (
without playing), on the beat (Pulse) 1 and 2 of first compass. Artwards
v1e will play the effect note on beat (Pulse) 3, and again the Silence on
beat (Pu lse) 4. On the second compass, we will play the open note again
in the beat (pulse) 1, the held note on the bea t (pulse) 2 and the effect
note on beat 3 and the Silence on 4.
Will be back to the begining of lhe exercises later, because
there is a Ritornello. :~
Anel this becomes a circle, which is ideal to repeat it until \'/e
have a good soundness.
110
Rodrigo Mouraes
F.NGII~II
Rodrigo Mouraes
lll
[1\lGIISII
112
Rodrigo Mouraes
RHYTHMS
Starting from page 67 we will treat the most used rhy thms in
the berimbau , in plays of capoeira. So, for the next step we hope that the
instrumenta lis t is already somev1hat intimate with th e instrument. Th e
notes produced must be quite definite and wi th good sonoril y, besides
dominating the reading of the rh ythmical divisions proposed in the
previous years.
No\'/ a days, in Brazil, we generallyuse, three berimbaus in th e
''roda de carJOeira". Each one with his/her resonant and physica l
peculiarity. And in the different regions of th e country different names
are used to identify them, but it is common the use the name Gunga for
the berimbau with bigger bottle gourd; Middium for t he one v1ith middle
bottle gourd; viola for the one with the smallest bottle gourd. Normally,
in the groups in which there are good experts and players of the
instrument, each berimbau fulfills a role defined in the com position of
the rh ythm, creating with that a harmony of three voices (3 berimbaus)
as in the Abad-Capo eira entity.
It 's founder, Mas ter Camisa, looked for singular sonority to
develop such harmony. Basical ly, lool<ed for in some rhythms a
differential for his group, nevertheless, did not loosi ng the origins of the
rhythms of capoeira Angola and Regional, in other words, influence that
the master brings from h is chi ldhood , from the place where he v1as born
and grew up, and from where he heard th e berimbaus sounding.
We realize that the Gunga maintains the main rhythm and, o
Middle follows the opposite rhythm , for example: The Gunga plays th e
open note, while the Midd le one plays th e held note whil e th e Viol a
improvises (flowri sh) the pattern but, it ' s last note is al ways played
together with the last note of the t wo other berimbaus. Though v1e try to
systematize a standard, in practice, everything wi ll depend on the sl<ill of
the instrumentalist. After ali, it is t he one that feels the music and h e sees
the play going on - and can proceed with variations in the Gunga, in the
Rodrigo Mouraes
113
ENGLISII
114
Rodrigo Mouraes
RHYTH MS OF HUNGO
BERI MBAU OF ANGOLA
l NGLI
li
Rodrigo Mouraes
115