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CCNA v3 Cheat Sheet

New Exam Topics


200-125
Quality of Service (QoS)

Software-defined networking (SDN)

Why we need QoS:


Manage network bandwidth and
congestion
Shape and police traffic
Prioritize flows
Control and improve network
performance
Architectures:
Integrated Services (IntServ) uses
Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) to
reserve resources and bandwidth in the
network
Differentiated Services (DiffServ) - Soft
QoS, traffic is classified and marked, uses
differentiated services code point (DSCP)
that is stored in IP headers: L3 - TOS
(Type of Service).
Important notes:
Expedited Forwarding (EF) for real time
services, critical
Marking at L2 is done using COS (Class of
Service)
DSCP is backward compatible with an old
type of QoS: ip precedence
Command for DSCP: set ip dscp ef
You can police (drop traffic) or shape
your traffic (buffer excess traffic)
Cisco routers support Network Based
Application Recognition (NBAR) to
classify packets
Latency (Delay) the amount of time it
takes for a packet to reach the
destination. Jitter is variations in delay of
packet delivery. Packet loss means
packets have not been delivered.
For voice services keep the delay value
below 150ms.
Weighted Random Early Detection
(WRED) queueing mechanism to avoid
congestion
Links:
https://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~pxk/417/notes/03-qos.htm
http://docwiki.cisco.com/wiki/Quality_of_Service_Networking

SDN uses software solutions to deploy and


automate network operations and services.
SDN disassociates control and forward
planes
Southbound interface (to communicate
between the SDN controller and a network
node). It uses Service Abstraction Layer
(SAL). Protocol in use: OpenFlow.
Northbound interface (to communicate
between an application and the controller
itself). Allows you to control the network
services programmatically.
Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI)
Cisco Application Policy Infrastructure
Controller Enterprise Module (APIC-EM) to
automate processes and deploy network
policies or configurations, e.g. Path Trace

Links:
https://developer.cisco.com/site/apic-em/discover/overview/

IP SLA

IP Service Level Agreement (SLA)


You can measure e.g. round-trip time
latency, packet loss, UDP jitter, http
connectivity and more.
Might be combined with object tracking for
e.g. floating static routes

Example:
ip sla 1
icmp-echo 8.8.8.8
frequency 20
ip sla schedule 1 life forever start-time now

Links:
http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/dec/15/ip-sla-monitoring-http-proxy/

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Additional new topics


Wireless LAN Controllers (WLC)
Used to simplify network deployments, mobility, and management. You can use web access or CLI to
configure a controller which uses a special protocol CAPWAP to talk to lightweight access points. There
are Autonomous and Lightweight access points.
Read more:
http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/wireless/4400-series-wireless-lan-controllers/69561-wlc-faq.html

Firewalls
They use Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) to monitor the status of all network connections going through
the firewall.
Firewall types: proxy, L7 firewalls, UTM
LLDP
Similar to CDP but open standard, use lldp run to enable it globally, similar show commands.
DNS (records, recursive servers, troubleshooting)
Records:
A - for a host, includes an IP address (AAA for IPv6)
MX mail exchange servers
CNAME canonical name, an alias
PTR pointer record, maps IPs to CNAMEs
NS name server
SOA state of authority
SRV service

Your router can be a DNS server and DNS relay

Authoritative DNS servers provide answers to recursive DNS servers


Understand the DNS process and how it affects your network

To configure a Cisco router as a DNS server:


Router(config)# ip dns server
Router(config)# ip domain-lookup
Router(config)# ip name-server 8.8.8.8
Read more: http://www.pcnames.com/articles/what-are-dns-records

BGP (the routing protocol of the Internet, you need to know how to enable it and troubleshoot).
Example:
Rourter(config)# router bgp 1111
Router(config-router)# network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
Router(config-router)# neighbor 191.118.1.2 remote-as 2222
Show commands: show ip protocols, show ip bgp summary, show ip bgp

Logging and licensing


Commands: logging on, logging host, logging source-interface, service timestamps , ntp server x.x.x.x

Show commands for licensing: show license feature, show license udi
Levels (0-7):
emergency
alert
critical
error
warning
notification
informational
debug

Frame relay is gone. Read about MPLS and DMVPNs:


http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/jul/16/getting-to-know-mpls/
http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/jul/23/dynamic-multipoint-vpn-dmvpn/

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What to focus on:


- Master all basics: the OSI model, TCP/UDP, and subnetting
- Know more than one command to check something (e.g. an IP address, VLANs, trunks, routing)
- How to troubleshoot L2 (VLANs, trunks, VTP, EtherChannels, STP/RSTP)
- How to troubleshoot L3 (EIGRP and OSPF neighbors, RIP, BGP, static routes and inter-vlan
routing: router on a stick and SVIs)
- STP and RSTP (roles, states, root election, BPDUs)
- IPv6 special addresses, multicast, and commands (including routing and access lists)
- Network security (port security, AAA, Radius, BPDU/Root Guard, Err-disabled, 802.1x etc.)
- Routers as DHCP servers (including DHCP pools, ip helper address, duplicate IPs, DHCP Snooping)
- NAT (configuration and types)
- Access Lists (standard, extended, named) master it all!
- Focus on new topics as well!
- WAN technologies (PPP, ADSL, MPLS, VPN)
- Review all exam topics: https://learningcontent.cisco.com/cln_storage/text/cln/marketing/exam-topics/200-125-ccna-v3.pdf
- Spend as much time as possible on live routers and switches

!!! GOOD LUCK !!!

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