If the system consists of a single connected to a group of loads the speed and the frequency changes in accordance with the governor characteristics as the load changes. The frequency normally would vary by about 5% between light load and full load conditions. On the other hand if constant frequency is required the operator can adjust the speed of turbine by changing the governor characteristic as desired. If any change in load is taken care by two machines running in parallel. The complexity of the system is increased the possibility of the sharing the load by two machines is, for example there is two stations S 1 and S2 inter connected through a tie line. If the change in load either at S 1 or at S2 and if the generation of S1 alone is regulated to adjust this change.
The constant
frequency, the method of the regulation is known as Flat Frequency Regulation
(FFR). Under such situation station S2 is said to operate on the base load. The major drawback of flat frequency regulation is that S 1 must absorb all the load changes for the entire system there by the tie line between the two stations would have to absorb all load changes at station S 2 since the generator S2 would maintain its output constant. The operation of generator S2 on base load has the ac voltage. When S 2 is much sufficient than the other station and it is desirable to obtain the maximum output of S2. The other possibility of sharing the change in load is that both S 1 and S2 would regulate their generations to main the frequency constant. This is known as parallel frequency regulation (PFR). The third is that the change in particular area is take care by the generator in that area thereby the tie line loading remains constant. This method of regulating the generation for keeping the constant frequency is known as Flat tie line loading control.
Coordination of Voltage and Reactive Power Control in The Extra High Voltage Substations Based On The Example of Solutions Applied in The National Power System