1.3.

1 FLAT FREQUENCY REGULATION

If the changes in load are either at S1 or S 2 and if the generation of S 1 alone is
regulated to adjust this change so as to have constant frequency the method of
regulation is known as Flat Frequency Regulation. The major drawback of flat
frequency regulation is that S1 absorb all load changes of the entire system there
by tie-line between the two stations would have to absorb all load changes at
station S2, since the generator S2 would maintain its output constant.
1.3.2 PARALLEL FREQUENCY REGULATION
The other possibility of sharing the change in load is that both S 1 and S2 would
regulate their generators to maintain the frequency constant. This is known as
Parallel Frequency Regulation.
1.3.3 FLAT TIE LINE CONTROL
The third possibility is that the change in a particular area is taken care of by
the generator in that area there by the tie line loading remains constant. This
method of regulation the generation for keeping constant frequency is known as
Flat Tie Line Loading Control. This arrangement has the advantage that load
swings on station S1 and the line would be reduced as compared with the flat
frequency regulation. Automatic equipment permits various types of system
control. The various methods discussed above can be performed with the help of
automatic control equipments.

Besides, these two other types of controls are

widely used in automatic arrangements.

They are:
1. Selective Frequency Control
2. Tie Line Load Bias Control
The most commonly used is the tie line load-bias control in which all power
systems in the interconnections aid in regulating frequency regardless of where
the frequency change originates. The equipment consists of a master load
frequency controller and a tie line recorder measuring the power input on the

tie line as per selective frequency control. The tie line instrument biases the
load frequency controller by changing the control point until the desired
relationship exists between tie loading and system frequency