physics

SPM Revision 2016 Physics

Chapter 2: Forces and Motion
Distance is the _______________________ of path _______________________
when moving between two points where the direction of motion may be changing.
Distance has only _______________________. It is a _______________________
quantity.
Displacement has _______________________ and _______________________. It is
a _______________________ quantity.

1.

Muthu cycles from his house to the shop. While coming back, he stops at Ahmads
house. What is his displacement from his house?
Speed =
Average speed =
Velocity =
Average velocity =

2. A student takes 2 minutes to run 800m. What is his average speed in m s=1 ? Why is
his actual speed different from his average speed?

SPM Revision 2016 Physics

3. An aeroplane travels 6 km due west in 1 minute. Then it changes its direction to
south and travels 8 km in 2 min 20 s. Find its average velocity in m s=1.

4. How is velocity different from speed?

5. A car has a steady speed of 8 m/s. How far does the car travel in 8 s? How long
does the car take to travel 160 m?

Acceleration =

Deceleration =

SPM Revision 2016 Physics

6. The graph below shows how the velocity of moving object varies with time.

(a) Calculate the total distance travelled for the motion of the object during the first 14
seconds;

(b) What is the displacement of the object from its starting point in 14 s?

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(c) On the axes below sketch displacement-time graph for the first 14 seconds of the
objects motion.

Law of inertia states a body is at rest will remain _______________________ or at

motion will move with _______________________ acting on it.
_______________________ of an object is proportional to its __________________.
A heavy object has high inertia.
Momentum, p =

Principle of Conservation of Momentum states

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7. (a) The diagram shows two boys P and Q wearing roller shoes facing each other on
smooth floor.

(i)

To which direction will P move when he throws the ball to Q?

(ii)

Find the velocity of P after the ball is thrown at 62.5 cm s-1.

(iii)

To which direction will Q move when he receives the ball from P?

(iv)

Find the mass of Q if Q moves with 6.25 cm s-1 after receiving the ball.

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The Effect of a Force
The effects of a force acting on an object:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)

change in shape
change in direction
accelerates or decelerates

8. The diagram shows a block of mass 2 kg resting on a table.

(i)
(ii)

In the diagram, mark and label two forces acting on the block.
A horizontal force of 5 N is applied to the block but it does not move.
Explain the above situation. State the value of any quantity mentioned in
the explanation.

(iii)

An additional force of 3 N is then applied to the block. It moves with

constant velocity. What are the resultant force and frictional force acting
on the block?

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(i)
(ii)
(iii)

An object accelerates when the direction of the force acted on it is the

same as the direction of the moving object.
An object decelerates when the direction of the force acted on it is
opposite to the direction of the moving object.
An object moves with constant velocity means it has zero acceleration.

9. (a) Define impulse and state its two equivalent units.

(b)

(i) Differentiate between impulse and impulsive force.

(ii) When a high-jumper falls, will the impulse or impulsive force be less if he
lands on a foam than if it lands on the ground? Explain your answer.

Gravity
All objects in free fall have acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m s-2.
10. (a) What do you mean by free fall?
When an object falls because of _______________________ only, the fall is known
as _______________________. The acceleration of free fall is 9.8 m s-2.
(b) Define gravitational field and gravitational field strength.
Gravitational field is a _______________________ in which an object
_______________________ due to _______________________.
Gravitational field strength is defined as _______________________ per unit mass.

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In a laboratory on the Earth, balances show that an astronaut has a mass of 80 kg and
a weight of 784 N. The same balance are then taken to the Moon. The balance shows
that the astronaut has a weight of 128 N.
Calculate
(i)

gravitational field strength on the Earth.

(ii)

gravitational field strength on the Moon.

(c) A rocket is launched vertically upwards from the Earth to the Moon. State and
explain whether the following properties (decrease, increase or remain unchanged)
while the rocket is approaching the Moon:
(i)

Mass of the rocket

(ii)

Acceleration of the rocket

(iii)

Air friction

(iv)

Gravitational field strength

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(d) The rocket is launched with a uniform acceleration of 20.0 m s-2 for 55 s and then
it stops burning fuel. It continues to move upwards freely. What is the maximum
height reached by the rocket after it stops burning fuel?

Forces in Equilibrium
When the resultant force acting on an object is zero, the object is said to be in
equilibrium.
Resolution of forces
Notes:

SPM Revision 2016 Physics

11. Two forces P and Q act at point O as shown in the diagram below.

(a) If F is the force which must be applied at O to maintain equilibrium, draw a

vector diagram to show that the forces are in equilibrium.

(b) If R is the resultant force acting at point O, draw a vector diagram to show that
addition of forces P and Q is force R.

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SPM Revision 2016 Physics

12. Each block with a weight of 60 N as shown in the diagram is in equilibrium
situation.

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(d) The diagram below shows a picture with a weight of 10.0 N hanging freely by a
string XYZ of a length of 50 cm.

(i)

Find the value of angle

(ii)

The picture is in equilibrium. What is the tension of the string?

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