g?

UNIT 3

Making a Living

@
tu

UNIT 4

Make yourself at Home

It
rI
II ll

iln TI

rrlI

What does the title of the module mean to you?

What career are you after?
What would the ideal house be for you?

a
a
o

types of jobs

skills & qualities

types of houses
rooms, appliances &

furniture

money

places at work

renting a home

work conditions

household chores

encourage 50meone
demand explanations

ask for & give advice

avoid qivinq a direct

related to:

rflOOy

household chores

,nr*"-,
o

rent a nome

leave out parts while

speaKrn9

make a complaint

-ing form or infinitive

reported speech
special introductorY

verbs

present pertecvpresent
perfect continuous

reports

letters of application

lette rslreports/essaYS

making suggestions

tr

,{etr

It/aking a LivinS
estate aoent

Lead-in
a. Where does each person work?

B:

I couldn't

A nurse works rn a hospital or clinic.

pictures?

How is the title related to the

c.

Work in pairs to make up dialogues or

monologues based on the pictures.

How do vou know?

Speaker A:

Which of the jobs do you personally find:

rewarding? dead-end? secure? repetitive?
creative? stressful? Use the table below to
discuss in oairs.

opinions

Speaker B:

vVhat's your opinion

Don't you agree ...?

..

Think of a job and talk about it without telling

anyone what the job is. The class have to guess
which job you have chosen. Talk about:

do

salary

reasons you lrke/dislike it

Paraphrase the quotations. Which do you agree

with? Why? Why not? Discuss in pairs.

Agreeing

I partly agree

'l'd rather

be a happy dustman than an

unhappy millionairel

Disagreeing
:
,

Idon't think so ..; I don't agree

; | (don't) feel . ; Perhaps you're

right, but on the other hand
;

That's not quite the way I see

I see

_---.

b.

r qualities

... ...
. ...Asking for opinion
do you think
'rVhat
about. .?;

Speaker C:

r what you

think..., lbelieve...; i I couldn't agree more ...; I qui

r my opinion ...; To my agree with you ..., That's true.
'nrno ..., _ilo me

Listen to three people talking about their jobs

and write which jobs they are talking about.

Which of the jobs: are done indoors/outdoors?

req ui re qualifications? have career prospects?
offer perks and bonuses? are well paidl
poorly-paid? need the most training? is the
hardest? have flexible hours? need a degree?

Express

agree more; they do really important and

useful work.

b.

b.

think a job as a medical researcher is very rewarding.

A.

what you mean,

b;t

iL

'lt doesn't matter r,vhat

how you do iti

job you do.

lt's

a.

Which of the following people could help you

most in choosing a career? Why?
o parents
To me, the

r teachers

friends

a.

article is going to be about?

relatives

people who could help me most in choosing a

career would be my teachers because

:'

.',

r ::lc
C

then compare your list to your partner's.

a!' ,"ve teach them

e

don't want

r-

--'cJgn tnerr

<

",'

:'< ^ c person

eyes

long-term career prospects

persona satisfacttor-

:-e rodern

o \..vel _0410
t ICCCa-- -.' -.a'.'a =
t -S-=.a-"-..-.,=
t :'a':::: -:::t
:.:':=:::

c.

Reth nfl nc

...

b. Which of the following is the most important to

. , you when deciding on a career? Rank them,

.
.

Look at the title of the article and read the

headings A-l in the box. What do you think the

G
H

caTeers advtsor

ppor'l

J-EJ

The old attrtrtude

Positive outltlook, unclear plans

Do you believe that obtaining a good job today

is easier or more difficult than in your parents'
dav? Whv?

Wfuy Moffi't
.ffiwwwe
to-u

ffil-

**4=:qeP

a
d
-r-J

Wotu#

ffi pffioffieffi jmbtr

{:.
*. i:'

!rlif

nts to be a singer; you think she should go

a long-term

career with

job security and

ually retire with a good pension. But a new

's the practical one. Why
report suggests that in
do parents make terrible

rs advisers?

lds are ambitious. They are

, but their career ideas
BjVo of them have no
their parents' footsteps, 697o
ts for advice. They look at their
a different way to their parents.

i. \

In the past, this might

have counted as bad news.

Certainly when I was 15, my guidance counsellors were
horrified at my plans to become a writer. I'm glad I
didn't change my plans to suit them. Even so, their
faith in rigid career paths was well-founded. In those
days, that was the way to get ahead.
3

But the world has changed. The global economy is not

kind to yesterday's diligent and dependable worker. The

to

quick-thinking people who are

resourceful, ambitious and can take the initiative. This
means that a14-year-oldwho sees herworking future as

future belongs

a kind of adventure, to be made up as she goes along, is

not necessarily being unrealistic.

A job for life is not in their vocabulary; neither is a

dead-end but secure job that is boring buQ4ys the
bills. Almost half the boys surveyed expected that their
hobbies would lead them into the right sort of job,
while most girls seemed determined to avoid
- _ traditionally female careers such as nursing.

15

46

However, she has to have the training and guidance to

help her develop the right skills for today's market; not
the rigid preparation for a workplace that disappeared
twenty years ago. Many young people are very aware of

25

sentences that
s-mmarise the main idea of each paragraph.
,'r nich words in each paragraph express the
same idea as the headings A-l?
S<

n :re text and highlight the

Read the text and find the adjec 'es - :",

describe qualities a worker could ha',e i', r :-

o.

are negative ones?

Match the words. Then, in pairs make sentences

using them.

'iow choose from the list (A-l) the heading

,.,'hrch best

fits each paragraph. There is one

reading you do not need to use. There is one

example (0).

pay

the initiative

follow

your plans

ln pairs, write a summary sentence for each

paragraph. Then, think of another title for the

cnange

ahead

+^1,^

Ld Ntr

your dreams

text.

v-.
<fan

into sb's shoes

the bills

Vocabulary Practice

Text Analysis
Explain the

,F.'q iT rhe first or

"a '.t ,'i last sentence of

meaning of the

'

ighlighted
woros.
h

\ t

Look at these phrases from the passage and explain

the underlined parts in your own words.

each paragraph

tetls you what the

paragraPh is about'

-,:. pirfalls of the flexible workplacel they understand

1
2

A 1ob for life is not in thelr vocabulary' (line 12)

... a dead-end but secure lob which pays the bllls

(line 13)
.. my guidance counsellors were horrified

.,:"t iedundanry, downsizing and freelancing are all part

: modern working life, but no one is telling them how

::er might be able to turn the new rules of the
-::rployrnent game to their advantage. This is what they
:Eed to know if they are to make a life for themselves.

>.r rvhat is

to be done?

4
5
6

A
A good first step would be to

:hange the way in which schools prepare young people

:rr adult life. The education system is becoming less
:rexible and more obsessed with traditional skills at just
:ire time that the employnent market is going in the
.pposite direction.
c

t\

a bit of optimism... can serve as an antidote to the

constant criticism ... (lines 53-55)
... step into your teenager's shoes. (line 57)

pairs, discuss the following questions.

a
I

Are you sure/unsure about your career path?

Are you optimistidpessimistic about your prospects?

why?
Do you want to be self-employed or work as an
employee? Why?

resilient. Give them the courage to follow their dreams however odd they might sound right now. In a world

that offers economic security

The global economy is not kind to yesterday's

dilligent .. worker. (lines 24-25)
... if they are to make a life for themselves. (line 40)

Who does the writer address in the text? What

words/phrases help you determine this?

What, then, can we as parents do to help them? The

best thing is to forget all the advice that your parents
gave you, and step into your teenager's shoes. Once
vou've done that, it's easier to see how important it is
ihat they learn how to be independent, resourceful and
r1-l

my

Discussion

-\ccurate, up-to-date information on new jobs and

qualificationi can help guidance counsellors to help
:heir students. Young people need solid information
on the sort of training they need to pursue the career
of their dreams. Also, a little bit of encouragement can
eo a long way. If nothing else, a bit of optimism from
an adult can serve as an antidote to the constant
criticism of teenagers in the press.
7

at

plans .., (lines 19-20)

to

imagination is a terrible thing to waste.

almost

no

one'

..t:
..:t.:

t.t

i:
.rlrl

':l
'.alt'a

Role-play: Read the first paragraph. Then work in

groups of three to act out a dialogue between the
teenager and her parents. The teenager insists on
becoming a singer, the parents are trying to make
her change her mind.

.ii:l'

.:l

:l
.,1

. ': ::/ ^. ia, a camp leader.This would be

Skills and Qualities

,:-

: i. :itl! ...

Look at the pictures. Which of the qualities in the

list are necessary for these jobs? Discuss in pairs, as
in the example.
o patient

,'

,*a, You
',vrll nea'

r,, e oeople talking about why

they chose their parirc.iar job Listen and match

the speakers (1-5) to tnerr reasons (A-F), There is
one reason you do not need to use.

physically strong o emotionally strong

. intelligent . caring . calm . honest r punctual

. decrsive . hardworking o persuasive . courageous
.cheerful r persistent .alert . quickthinkinq

love workrng with

c-

:.:-

B always wanted ro re c r:rr = ::::)::] >ceaKer I I

C like being alone
Sceaker 3 [=
D always loved animals
Soeaker 4 !
E good at languages

taxi driver
door-to-door
salesperson

b.

enjoy

travelling

Speaker

Think of a job you would like to do and tell your

partner about it. Think about:

.
.
r

what you're good at

what you like/enjoy doing
importance (or not) of money

Earning Money

'[t'4e.-,
W&.?u

a.

The words in the list are used to describe forms

of money. Which are countable (OlWhich are

uncountable (U/?

99!Y!lve::":ste

rP

. wage . salary . pay . savings r pensron

r rnterest . cash . pocket_money

rete r

-'!@=:

A:

I think a taxi driver needs to/should be

B:

they workwith the public. What do you think?

I agree. I think they also need to be intelligent because
they need to remember all the street names.

a.

cheeful

b. Choose a word from the Iist above

because

Make a list of part-time summer jobs. Compare

your list with your partner,s.

He earns a lot

money he has invested.

How much..,... .... ...

of

.....,,.. on the
does she give the

Both parents need

to be ........ .

..

earners nowadays.

What I really want to know is what will be

my.......,

dialogues, as in the example.

5
6
7
8
c.
I
.

in

.......... packet every month.

....... .. .., or by credjt card?

Most of my monthly .... . .,....,....... goes
on paying the bills.
ln my country both men and women get their
.. ...... at 60.
Will you pay in

Paying

for the car to be repaired has

eaten into his.....

48

ch ild ren ?

b. Work in pairs. You are looking for a part-time

summer job. Use the table below to act out

Encouraging I Responding positively

. You would be
.
| Vo, might be right actually.
great as a ...
.
I hadn't thought ofthat.
. This would be || . Yo, might have a point
ideal for you!
. I r". what you mean.
r i can JUst see/ | . th.t,r certainly a possibility.
i
rfftaqrne VOU aS a
. you d love all the I Responding Negatively
. I ntnK ol ail the . r . lt's not my kind of thing at all.
you'd..t
|'. IIdon'tthinkIcouldcope.
. you,d make a I .orldn't possibly think of ..
.
oreat ,
| t'm not really into that kind of thing
o No, that's not for me.

to complete

the sentences below.

Use four words/phrases from Ex. 4b to talk

about earning money.

spend most of my pocket money on CDs.

really

- :a rs,','ie

be

down as many jobs as you can think of which exist in each place. Which
Which require secretarial, managerial, organisational,

:?- ne p:11-time/full-time?

:- :-3Ee, relephone, driving, mathematical, communication

'

"'-. 1i

\"*':'
i+,tl'
A

,l
."

,"1'

BEPRNru*f*g

skills?

f"6

-I:=:n

:asartment store: shop assistant,

- ''

G
f/

::

...

assistont should have communication skills because she deals with

Appendix

,^Cerline the correct word.

'

:hink you should choose a caring (occupation/

worl</trade/profession)

li

ke nu rsin g or cou nsel

Ii

is

/ery generous man; he gives us all a big present at

C

hristmas.

The pilot is always very polite to the (crew/staff/

personnel/team) on the plane.

This is John Barnes, one of the (colleagues/
candidates/partners/customers) for the.lob in the
hear there's a (vacancy/post/niche/situation) in
Dolan's furniture factory. Why don't you apply?
L

get a free three-course dinner every evening!

t's one of the (perks/pensions/permits/promotions)

lohn's been putting money by for his hol day al

year; he's saved over f5001

to take out a oan to buy my new car. 'll pay

back the money I borrowed over three years.
Doing this course is really eating into my savingsl
Every week I have to pay f5O
lf you leave your job, what are we going to live on?
We're spending too much money every weekl
We'll have to cut down on luxuries.

4
5
6

f"4arketing Department.

There's nothing in our bank account We've run

out of money

.is speech against the government.

",1y (employee/employer/worker/trainee)

Explain the phrasal verbs in bold.

I te was forced to (sack/dismiss/fire/resign) after

3

'11 Pr""ral Verbs

.,/ords often confused

.,T5,1}

I had

er"positions

Appendix

Yes, I

of being a waiter.

Fill in the blanks

with the appropriate preposition.

Then, make sentences related to work.

.Of .from .tO .for.by.in o6{ r6n

.\

ldioms and Fixed Phrases

sentences.
B

'eally can't afford

of time and money.

cu shouldn't have

you an absolute fortune.

Ienf

50 mUCh

by selling the pictures

- .ealiy isn't worth

'rJ

cet rt cost

:
,

-L--_

really was awaste

Ve

were overcharged

My colleagues congratulated me on my promotion.

that she paints.

to go out again this week.

must have paid

-"ey must have

to congratulate sb on sth; 2 to retire .,....... a job; 3 to apply

a position; 4 specialise
sth; 5 deal
sth; 6 to
have experience ..
7
to
impressed
be
sb/sth;
8 to
;
be interested.......
sth; 9tobeexperienced . .. sth; 10to
be qualified ........ noun/-ing; 11 to be suitable
; 12Io
noun/-ing;
be responsible ...... ..... sth; 13 skilled
14 good
sth; 15 to fill . .. ..
an application
1

7 ln pairs, match the phrases to make complete

A

ryu,i{fi

e usino uo our savinos.

when they sold their house

on the holiday.

live

without a

broin

it with the money they

She makes a

inherited.

They made a lot of

for it on credit.

noney

for the taxi fare.

don't

exoctly.

know

How old ore

8
;tening
Listening

a.

- Part

You hear two of your neighbours talking. What

does the woman think of working from home?
A lt can be irritating

B
C

lt
lt

has made her less social.

Listening

Part 2

You will hear people talking in eight different

situations. Before you listen, underline the key
words in the questions and possible answers.

has some advantaqes

What information do they give you? How much

can you guess about the situation?

(b.)
\r/

a, You will listen to a radio programme in which

For questions 1-8.listen and choose the best

answer (A, B or C). Compare your answers with

your partner's. What key words/phrases helped you
decide?

The woman is the owner of the company.

Now listen and, for questions 1-10, complete

the sentences with one to three words.

fQ

The woman is the man's secretary,

The man is the woman's closest colleague.

You are listening to a news report. According to

the news report, British employees

A like their jobs to have variety.
B are reluctant to have children.
C don't like fixed schedules.

The

get more young people to learn music.

attract musicians to a type of holiday.

extremely

to

prepare

your questions and answers

lt will be New Year in a few minutes.

Chelsea FC have won a match.

It's helpful to
things you want to ask.
Being late for an interview gives a

London has a new mayor.

confused and upset

it

Candidates usually
being

at a meeting
at a ceremony
a. a company party

You are present at a job interview. What is the

girl's level of education?
^"-.1,,-+^
)i uur grduuoLg
- J^- .-^^^l

B
C

Dec':e -clder
Posi-::';-: ,a'e deoree holder

may be delayed.

to everybody.

disappointed and sad

Remember that 7

On entering the building, be 8

stressed and angry

iven?

A
B
C

is

Finding out about the company will boost your

Use your

recruit various young musicians.

You are listening to a speech. Where is

g

before your interview.

You hear a woman talking on her mobile phone.

How does she feel?

A
B
C

Today's

lf possible, visit the

You are listening to a live radio broadcast. What

is the occasion?

A
B
C

f**"."..'"',".-*

competitive

You hear an advertisement on the radio.

advertisement's purpose is to

A
B
C

50

task and think about what kind of information

is missing. In pairs, try to rephrase the
information outside each box ('l-10).

You overhear a conversation in your place of

work. Which of the following is true?

A
B
C

Human Resources expert talks about the perfect

job interview. Before you listen, go through the

the end of the interview

Don't ask the interviewer questions about his /her
10

c.

In pairs, think of other tips for a perfect job

interview.

Communication
. Demanding explanations

a\

Creativity at Work

a.

Read the dialogue and underline the phrases

used to demand an explanation. How are the
people related? What seems to be the problem?

Look at the two pictures showing people at

rvork. Compare and contrast the two pictures,
saying which person you think gets the most
satisfaction out of his iob.

A: I don't

really understand why you always come

ln tale.

B: Well ... you see .. the bus

A:

is never on

time ...

Do you really expect me to believe that?

B: Well, to be honest, I just can't get up in the

morning,

b. Use the phrases in the box to act out similar

dialogues for the following situations.

Explanations I Giving Explanations

. Can you tel me/explain why ? | . Well you see ...
. I don't really understand why | . To be honest
. Whystthat
Demanding

b. lf you could

.
r
.

do either job, which would you

choose? Why?

a\
J

Memorable Moments

c.

your coileague is arways usrng your compurer

you' assistant iasr t r n sl'ed a repo'I o^ r ^1e

your colleague's mob e phore \eeos r ngir"g al tLe t

re

Asking for & Giving Advice

Use

the useful language in the box to ask for and give

advice on the following situations, as in the example.

Look at the two pictures showing different

memorable moments. Compare and contrast
the two pictures, saying which person is likely
to remember the moment for the longest time.

forAdvice

Asking

.
.
.
.
.

What do you think

should do if

I Giving Advice

...

lf I were you/in your shoes,

l'm having a problem

deciding what to . .
What should L.. ?
I really don't know what
to do about ..
Any ideas/suggestions
whaVhow I could ...

l.
|.
|.
|.
l.
|.

l'dlwouldn't ...
You'd better

..

You should/shouldn
I

...

don't think vou should

..

Whatever you do, don't ...

Here's
I

what l'd do. l'o

suggest

you

want to buy car but haven't saved enough money

don't get paid well enough
have to start work very early in the morning

A:

I want to buy a new car, but I haven't

a
a

saved enough

money. What should ldoT

d.

Which person feels the greatest sense of

personal achievement?

tr

Listen to two candidates doing the speaking

") above and compare their performance to that
tasks

of your classmates.
Assess your classmates in terms of:
vocabulary r discourse management
o pronunciation o interactive communication
o grammar and

lf I were you, I'd get a loan.

A
J

Evervdav Enqlish

Money matters

In pairs guess and say what the other speaker says,

d

Congratulations

5orry, l'm broke.

Sorry, we

Have you

A:
R'

don't accept credit cards

nothing smallerT

got a pay rise

Cnnnrntnle- -''
I

f J f rr{dd

ffiffi#K#ffiffi

,/dJ/euu
r hrrtlor r iorlrollor r chpnhord r hoofo:tar

We talked to some people who are

. milkman . chimney sweep . security guard

. steeplejack . town crier . stockbroker

still managing to muke a living doing

traditional jobs in today's hi-tech
Britain
,4, SHAU}{ HARRTS{}Iq . BUTtf,R
Modern butlers combine the roles of cook, cleaner,
waiter, gardener, driver and household manager and they
have to be polite, respectful, and well-organised. "We do

everything from palng the bills to picking up the

children, organising parties and getting the washing
machine repaire$" says Shaun Harrison, 32, who works
for a family in the Ofordshire countryside. "During the
week I'm in jeans and a shirt, busy looking after the
household and the gardens. At weekends, when the
family arrives, I put on a suit and take on the role of a
10
traditional butler. I get four weeks holiday a year and I
have to take it when it suits my employer."

B MARK T}TCIMFS{}S - STEEFLSJACK

A:
B:

think the man in the first picture

Yes,

Mark Thompson is self-employed and carries out a range

of building, repair and maintenance jobs to the outside of

is a Beefeater.

I saw one when I was in London. They guard the

Tower of London and give people information about the

15

tall

structures such as church spires, monuments,

hrstory of the place.

..,r.iilii

How do you think the pictures are related to the

text? In pairs, choose a job and think about:

. working hours . holiday r dothing

responsibilities at work. Skirfl the text and see

if your guesses were correct.

a.

Read question 0. Quickly read text A and find

the relevant part. How has the question been

Which person/people ... (A-F)

dresses more formally at weekends?

wear special clothes in their jobs?

works at night?

."LJ.

needed

to undergo formal training?

particularly like the sociable part of

.D_

their jobs?

5 l::l

paraphrased?
o

b. Read questions (1-14) and underline the key

words in each question. How can you rephrase

these key words?
Now, read the text and answer questions 1- 14.

52

OA

1\-i\
t.t

2CI

.l -J

has been doing his job since he was a

child?

rarely has contact with people?

8 N

travel because of their job?

live and work in the same place?

say

you have to be fit to do their jobs?

A
13 h
11

10

rL'

12

14

::*:rnal

chimners and high rise buildings.

It takes from 2-6

;::: :Lr train as a professional steeplejack and Mark has been

, ,:: it lbr the last 15 years. "The one thing you must have for
::-. lL'is a head for heights," he says. "I like working outdoors,
:

r: can be very dangerous carrying equipment and trying to

-:

r::t \our baiance when the weather's bad. It gets really windy
-r ::rre. so you've got be quite fearless!" Also make sure you
."-: :lenrr,of exercise so

to be strong enough. Mark travels

works away from home for
rflendd periods. "I often have to work a lot of unsociable
:. - -:s s'uch as weekends and evenings to get the job done, but I
::: : great feeling when I finish and I know that because of me
:.: : iriful buildings will continue to grace the skyline for a good
as

:, -ier the country and often

really hard on your hands," he admits. h a:i: slrailms rr: {Jltr$

-i':,- fli:i,* ll
and back. "I'm always bending dos'n and liftl':
be in good shape to do this job." Sore k-nees and bacs. :::: : ::i:

only pains milkmen have to suffer. Angrl pers er: ::,--:1::

problem. "Some dogs get you when your back is rumec- La.:r
laughs. The other problem is the unsociable hours. 1\te: :^=
moon is up and everybody is asleep, your bod)- tells rou i:':
bedtime. But you have to go against nature and srav auak;Also, I hardly sver see any of my customers, so I do feel rarh;:
isolated."

TEtr CT}X - CHTMNEY SWEEP

of Town Crier can be traced back as far as the Battle of

'-:
,-|...::nss in 1066 when the news was passed on to the general
:-:-:c bv individuals employed by the king. "Basically, a Town

"Central heating and gas fires haven't done away with us sweeps
yet," says Ted Cox, 64, who was just seven years old when his
father, also a sweep, first put him up a chimney where he had to 6:
climb up and sweep out the soot. "In fact," he says, "increasing
concerns over carbon monoxide poisoning from faulty electric
and gas fires has increased the demand for chimney sweeps
Iately. Sweeps don't just clean chimneys, you know. They also

---: *as a kind of talking newspaper, but today a lot of my

- :. is ceremonial or promotionalr" says Peter. "I wear a

keep them free from obstructions, like cobwebs, birds'nests

and leaves to ensure proper ventilation." Ted says to be a good

PE'tEE{ ft,g{}{}RE

jtrb

:.:r:ional

" T{}lV}q CRIER

costume and carry a bell and shout the familiar call

sweep, you also need to be a good listener. "When

I make house
I usually end up staying for a cup of tea and a chat, which I
really enjoy. It's no use being a sweep if you don't like tea!" he

.-'Jt',e: Oyez'to get people's attention. I work for the British

- . -ist Authority and I preside at festivals, shows and parades

calls,

-. r:11

says laughing.

".:

as at

London's tourist attractions. I also get to travel all

the world doing different promotions at department stores

.- : :otels." Peter has

,-

been doing this job for more than 25 years

job; it is a way of life. "I'm keeping a

-----h-loved tradition alive. If you ever need to find me, just
:,:* the sound of my booming voice." In his job he has met
:: lrf celebrities including MPs and members of the Royal
: ',:ilr'. but his proudest boast is that he has never lost his voice.
:o him it is more than

RtilK

Hg{}{}'H"g{ -

ttr{ig,KFdAH

i-:r Booth, 36, is one of a decreasing

' -:i'irg in Britain.

number of milkmen still

::= .rrives at the dairy around 11.00pm to load up his milk float
, -: it takes him about five hours
to complete his round. He
-':',3s the milk on the doorstep and collects the empty bottles

:.'
,.

rhere by the householders. By the morning, Rick's hands are

:;

and blistered. "Picking up and carrying crates all night is

75

F ft,g{!-Es }AffiHH} - YH{}MAF{ {}F T'H}' GITARS

"You have to be on your guard at all times for bomb scares or
robbery attempts", says Miles Reed, 58, a Yeoman of the Guard
at the Tower of London otherwise known as a 'Beefeater,.
"We're not just a tourist attraction, you know!" he adds proudly.
Miles' day starts around 9 o'clock in the morning when the first 80
visitors arrive. He spends most of the day giving guided tours of
the Tower of London, answering questions on its history and
posing for photographs with tourists in his traditional red and
gold uniform. His shift usually ends at around 5.45 when the
Tower closes to visitors. Miles doesn't have far to go after work 85
because all 'Beefeaters' and their families have accommodation

in the Tower grounds. "What I enjoy most about the job

is

meeting and talking to the tourists," admits Miles. "There must

be pictures of me in photo albums all over the world.',
I

OyezOyez, roughly translated, means listen listen.)

'.i:i'ii!,r,:i.,

Text Analysis

Discussion

What does each person mean by the following?

"... lhave to take it when it suits my

"The one thing you must have for this 1ob is

head for heights." (lines 18-19)

keeping

What qualities does each person mention related to

their work? How far do you agree with these? Discuss.

Discuss the following.

employer.

(line 12)

"l'm

much-loved tradition

alive.

(lines 41-42)
d

"...

"... to be a good sweep, you also need to be

is really hard on your

hands!" (line 53)

good listener. " (lines 7 1-72)

4
L

Explain the words in bold.

Why do you think these jobs are ir^ darge. :disappearing?

Which traditional jobs in your country are in da^c=of disappearing? Why is this happening?

Role-play: Choose a person from the text, take roles

and interview him.

ffi

Infinitive

-'nn form or

Grammar Reference

Complete each sentence with an appropriate

infinitive or -ing form.

speec:,m....

n"ported

Read the examples, then answer the questions.

Larry asked if I could help him.

job at the moment.

. you while you work?

can't afford not

l-\n
vv
tvv

H:ve vorr

rrn r mind

,a

rc

ronsidered

4 ' ,rhate it when the phone

5
6
7
8
9
1

Our boss has

Lorry said that it didn't work.

:l-\

(,-Z::-_9WITCH rT OFF,
-2---__-----'/

...... house?

1
2
3
4

keeps

threatened

him before

He persuaded everyone ...

overUme

. .

the dinner party at Mark's.

We chose ............
job
you
The
will involve
.....
some time abroad.

..

She encouraged

They have

me ................... for the promotion.

delayed

.......... a decision.

Lorry told me to switch it off.

)

How do the tenses change?

How do the pronouns change?
Which reporting verbs are used?
What other changes do you notice?

Choose an appropriate verb from the list to report

what Sheila said to Steve.

. invite . explain . complain . suggest . threaten

. ask . offer r insist . remind o admit

Complete each sentence with an infinitiveor -ing

form. How does the meaning of the verb change?

1 a l'd like .... ..... ....... (work) as a secretary.

(work) as a secretary.
b I like
2 a He didn't remember .................... (call) for a
technician so the computer was still broken.

That's strange

I don't

remember

(call) for a technician.

3 a l'll get it done even if it means

(stay up) late.

4 a

l'm sure she didn't mean you .................. (stay

up) late to get it done.
(buy) a newspaper on
He stopped
his way home.

b He stopped
5 a Could you try
b

(buy) a newspaper.

(send) this fax before

two o'clock? lt's urgent.

Why don't you try . .

He

.... (send) her an

golng

suggested

that we go
that we went

e-mail at home? She'll get it quickly.

Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.

1
2
3

In pairs, take roles and act out a dialogue entitled

"The misunderstanding". Use as many reporting

lt's too expensive to eat there. (We can't afford ...)

verbs as possible.

Everyone laughed when she tripped over the

cable (They couldn't help ...)
He's not the kind of person who would buy

A:
B:

Harry,what areyou doing there?

A:

Me| Never! I asked vou to move the plants close to the

4
5

that I move your desk close to

the window.

expensive clothes, (He avoids ...)

I left my wallet at home. (l

I thought you suggested

didn't remember ...)

window. etc

We'll be happy to see you next month. (We are

looking ...)
4;#r1!*44f..E

to make sentences related to work

using an infinitiveor -ingform.
Use the words

. finish . Choose . offer . hate . prefer

stand o trv . ston
-'"r . nlpased . drffiCult
I

54

haven't finished typing the report yet.

can't

d?*1s'..

I English in lLse - Part 3

8

Complete the sentences using the word given. Use

between two and five words. Do not change the
word in bold.

"Do not be late, Bob!" Lyn said.

not

Lyr, .........

.....

....,... late.

"l wish you had asked me if you

d use my computer," Mark

English in Use

cou

Part 2

said to Allen,

without

Mark criticised Allen

for having

I don't think we need

your side of the story.
,

point

to

.... him
listen to

There's

your side of the story

"Do you know what the time

is,

Tim?" Ann asked,

what

Ann asked Trm ......,...

. it was.

5he didn't get many people to

sign up for the job

succeed

Inn*

tlte htrsx!

The idea of being your (0) own boss is very attractive. No more working for
(1) .......... .. else; no more orders, no prospect of being sacked or made
redundant, and time off (2)
you feel like it. These benefits are,
broadly speaking, true. Working for (3).. ........... means being in charge of
your own destiny. lf you succeed, then the sky's the limit for your ambitions.
.

. ....... , self-employment can be extremely hard work and

. . as
sick leave and pension arrangements. The hours are usually (6) ... ..
longer - especially with the mountain of paperwork to get through - and
(4)

comes without the certainty of a regular income or benefits (5) .. .. . .

(7) . . .. . . .. . times it can be a lonely,

She...........
many people

At the

Read the text and fill in the word which fits best. Use only one
word. There is one example (0).

10

to sign up for the 1ob

end of his speech, Mr

to

Taking eave, at (8)

l-ave ary sraf! ro cove'

There are (10)

(1 1)

(13)

.. the
si:alec o-: .,. i..
<r:lnron

(12)

Smith showed some slides.

finished Mr Smith

thankless task.
the early stages when you are unlike v
be imposs o e (9)
o5 no monev
r nancia r-isks ThoL,sa'cs sf i9-.; j.-t
in

-,

sJC^
--:

c.c- se ll o:.r'-ci i.3..

-.,

:-:

into years of debt So, i ,o- s:e

automatic .oure to ar easier ife, perlaps )o- (15)
.

-- -l!
-:-.

=')

(14)

ir,rK

.?a,
i--.

a: a'

aCa

some slides

"Why didn't

I try this

bread

before?" wondered Betty.

tried
Betty wondered .......,
that bread before.
"You stole my idea for the project,
Liz,

" said 5arah.

accused

Enqlish in Use

II

Part 5

Read the text below and look carefully at each line. Some lines are
correct and some have a word which should not be there. lf a line
is correct put a tick (/) by it. lf it has a word which should not be

there, write the word at the end of the line. There are two
examples (0) and
,., ,:: :r: r,,;i ,t,. t..:,,_,,,,,, .,. ,:

(00).

Sarah.......,.

idea for the project.

"Shall

I help you file

these

documents?" Lyn said to me.

offered Lyn ..... ......
.

. ,.... the documents.

10 The manager said he was sorry he
had to cancel the meeting.
apologised The manager
thp mcptinn

E-mail has totally revolutionised the way I work, as I imagine

had
us.
all that has changred and at the click of a button you can

received something and people loew something was happening

savings

Nowadays,

negative adjectives
Make negative adjectives using the
prefixes: dis- ; -il; im-; ir-; in-; un-.

only downside of this is that you can't avoid from getting back to 10
people because they now expect for an imrnediate answer. You 11

1.

3.
5.
I

9.
11

13

Forming

satisfied; 2
conventent,
personal; 4,,,,,.,.... legal;
agreeable; 6 ........... direct;

mature; 8,,.,,...... polite;

honest; 10 ....... logicar,
regular; 12 ..
... relevant;
.^ti-l^t^
sure;14...,.,.
tciloutE

the

are enornous too: we used to spend in a forhne on starnps and 7

paying for courier and phone bills. Now we can send documents 8
of a hundred pages to the other side of the world in seconds. The 9

Word Formation:

-&r.---

We wasted of so much time then making sure that someone

send to hundreds of colleagnres the same message. The cost

it

has for millions of the other people in busy offices all around 00
the world. I can still remember back having to tlrye and print 1
faxes and constantly being behind with all my correspondence. 2

carlrrot, for example, apologrise them for being out of the offrce 12
because they know that you can read to your messages anywhere.

'l 3

find

14

We are no longer able to blame a delay on the postrnan and so I

that I have to deal with things and manage of my correspondence

a 15

lot more efrciently.

i'-'it'f

i':i#ril;n;-*

55

Which of the following headings could you use in

your report? Itckr')

neports

llrngsfrrsl I begrnnrng | | rurpose|

What I Like About The School !
Classroom Conditions I
What Can We Do About lt? [
Suggested lmprovemenG [-l
Last But Not Least f__l Conclrsion I
Frrsi

.i

Repors are usually written

for a

person

in

authority re.g. a teachel manageL group leader, etc). They

normally contain some description (e.9. Say what the
conditions in your school are like ...) and often include our
suggestions or recommendations for future action
(e.E: .,'.. and suggest how

you think the situation could be

impraved).

Information is presented in separate sections.

Each

section has an appropriate heading to help the reader

easily identify what the report contains.

Reports usually begin

with the

a.

Read the model and insert the appropriate

headings from Ex. 1.3.

.,"

Timothy Taylor, Dean

'" To:
ll, From: Tonia Washington
, Subject: Suggested improvements to classrooms
'li: l Date:
Sth May 20...
''. 1)..................
.',.l' The purpose of this report is to comment on
: conditions in the college and to make recommendations
' for possible improvements.
.2)
!..,,

on the rubric).
The first paragraph is usually a short section entitled

Purpose or Introduction.

It is important that we mention the reason for

writing and prepare the reader for the information
that we will include in the main body.
The main body is divided into sections, each of
which starts with a heading. We should link our

with appropriate linking words and phrases.

We need to use short sentences to make the
ideas

Although conditions are generally good, there are

one or two problems. Firstly, in large classes, there is
. not much desk space. Secondly, the classrooms tend to
.:,.,. be dark, especially in the winter months. Finally, during
;i,.,, video lessons, some of us find it difficult to see the

screen properly.

information easy to understand.

Reports end

2
3

(The exact information depends

nnarysing a report

following

information in the top left-hand corner.

3) ..................

with a final section, often

There are a number of changes that could be made in

order to improve the situation. To begin with, I would

entitled

Conclusion, in which we can:

- summarise the points in the main body

strongly suggest that the number of students per class be

kept to below ten. In this way, we would avoid the

overcrowding that sometimes exists. AIso, special care

- make a recommendation for future action

- offer a personal opinion
Present tenses and formal writing are normally used in

needs to be taken as far as lighting is concerned. Last, if

the college invested in a larger television, it would mean

reports.

that all of the students would be able to set the

maximum benefit out of the video lessons.

UnO"rstanding the Rubric

4) .................
To sum up, while most of us are satisfied with the

conditions,

Read the rubric below and underline the key words

Then answer the questions that follow

The college where you study English has decided

feel that the above improvements would

If these suggestions were carried

out, both teachers and students would have a more

make things even better.

comfortable environment for studying and teaching.

to

make some changes, The Dean has asked you as a

student representative, to write a report on the

conditions in the classrooms and to suggest ways in

which the situation could be improved for students

a
a

and staff.

Write your report.

b.

Look back at the model and find answers to the

following questions.

1
2

What information does each section contain?

What phrases does the writer use to make
recom mendations?

Who is the target readerT

What information do you have to include in your
report?

56

a\

What problems and recommended solutions are mentioned in

the main body of the model?

Use the prompts below to write

complete sentences.

Linking Words and Phrases

''r reports, ideas should be linked

words and

using

-.:qtrs Fx:mnlos nf tho5g include:

-c list points
:'::ly / ln the first place / To begin with ... Secondly / Then / Furthermore
;
: 'clly / Last ... ;etc
-

... ;

the fact that ...

;etc

listening and speaking practice

To add emphasis
..

. ; in

particular

; I believe... ; I am

To make

..

.;

learn, / especially / grammar

particularly; etc

One solution / watch

convinced...

;I

,vould) (strongly)suggest/

am confident... ; etc

This

...;

recommend...; lf we (didthis/weretodothis)

mean

and effect

language
Furthermore, if / study regularly

.thisway,wecould...;..,inorderto..,;...sothat...;(This)wouldmeanthat
;etc

Read the rubric, underline the key

words and answer the questions.

Go through the model in Ex. 2a and identify the linking

The school where you work as a

words/phrases used. Then suggest alternatives.

teacher is planning to produce

Use

appropriate linking words/phrases from the theory box above

you to write a report, suggesting

which aspects of life at the school

. ..................., working in such a closed environment isn't healthy.

Secondly,
2

"ve have complained,

nothing has been done about it.

We should get more computers in the office. ..........
everyone could have

o
5
6

access.

..

should

brochure and which photographs

ffi

tirr,f, i f".f

.change the current

students should be given an extra

represented

in the

should be dsed.

'*
a

write between 120 and

words.

*I

, the

provide better customer service

be

fr
1

work would get done more quickly.

............ ..
........ we increase our office hours ..........,.

curriculum.
free period during exams.

brochure to be distributed to the

public. The headmaster has asked

to complete the sentences.

'1

Write your report. You should

Who

is

180

the target reader?

Which aspects of school life could

you write about?

Which linking words and phrases

we should hire additional part-time staff, ...........,

during the busy summer season.
he ahle to opt thp orders out On time.

Which

is . . . .... ., . ..
important to understand the
importance of the Internet in the job market today. ..........
.... the results of this survey will help us improve our

Other Schools in the Area I

Conclus.on ! Lesson Timetable

I believe

Finally, it

working conditions,

could you inc ude?

of the

following section

hp:dinns rn rld vnrr

Exarr Successes

l-l

rr5g7

Purpose

other

A Detailed History of the School

SchoolActivities !
Classrooms

-tr--

slowly build / knowledge

hear the way

As a result, / soon develop /

thorough knowledge / the

:1 &oingthis),wecould/would...;(Doingthis)would(solvetheproblem,etc)...;

language / spoken

)ne solution / suggestion would be to ... ; lt would be a good idea to ... ; etc

.. ;As a result ...

W / listen /

radio

suggestions/recommendations

To express cause

/ lot / difficult things /

Secondly,

To express your opinion

'eel...

learning English / get / enough

- :^ough ... ;while ... ;despite

:: cecially

/ the main problems /

One

.-o make concessions

57

Read the two models (A & B) and say which is not appropriate,
giving reasons. Think about: layout - grammar - style (formal informali - points not covered

Look back at the goodmodel and

say

what information

is

contained

rn each section

)ear \,t"

underline the linking words/phrases

.'tc,,;el[.

& suggest alternatives

highlight words/phrases which are
formal

* rrr:-ir4 yan thie re?or\ to t,ell you all aborsE whaD I Lhink is
t ,? ivt iaea for lhe brochure thal you wanl to write. FirsL of
i).- t{ 1e bay what a nice idea it is. lt. is a really good echool
?

xa ) rwe been very happy here, ln f acL, l'll be oorry Lo lezue.

Olher Schools in the Area

Tnere's no echool like Riverbank Enqlish )chool! l|'s Lhe best
ir Lhe area and all the kide are really happy. Some of Lhe
oLher echoole in Ihe lown are juot rubbiehl
Det'ailed Hietory of the 1chool
The school otartea in PB7, I think. lN hae juet qot beLter
and, belter since Lhen, wilh nice lessone, ntce classrooms
and lhe niceeL leachere.

:::.-

:,i:

Well, l'd better qo now. Thanke

luck wilh Ihe brochurel
Youre eincerely,
Rulh Lareon

for your time and good

Letters of Application

we want to apply for a job or a course of

lt is important to include only the

information that is relevant, and to use a

study.

suitable style, formal or semi-formal.

ffiF

Er.

To:

]ohn Howell
Ruth Larson

ffi

Date:

lstAugust

+i

Purpose
The purpose of this report is to make recommendations regarding
which aspects of life at the school should be represented in the
proposed brochure.

From:
, Subject: SchoolBrochure

ffi

7i

20...

]'" classrooms
i,- fiotty, one suggestion would be to include some information about
the classrooms. It would be a good idea to include some
'--,,: photogrraphs taken
during a lesson. This would give a good
- irnpression of the conditions
in the school.
:ri:i l

?:' .

The first paragraph mentions the

reason for writing. lt can also

include the name of the
job/course you are applying for
and where you saw it advertised.

r
s&MM..&d#4ll#trEatue.+

We write letters of application when

l'

The main body paragraphs can

include:

*
-

what you are doing now

what work experience you have
your academic qualifications

the personal qualities which make

you suitable for the job or course

What you write in the main body

depends on what is written in the
rubric. You should link your ideas with
appropriate linking words and phrases.
ln your final paragraph, you can:

summarise the points in the main

oooy

thank the person for considering

?::.
:-"
diferent

your application
ask the person to consider you
fnr tho inh,/rnrrrco

X_==

School Activities

==, Secondly, I think it would be useful to mention something about the

t-:',

-=,

actMties and projects that we take part in. We could, for

example, include an article about the Internet Project and feafure
photograPhs of the video room. In this way we could show the
o.tbli" that there is more to learning English than classroom work.

!..=. e..t rn Successes

we could include a section about the results from recent

examinations in order to show how successful the school has

;.=.:, Finaily,

"1'
*

been. IMe could illustrate this with photographs taken at last year's

*ii.r,, pnze-gEEng ceremony.

$ei

;.', r
;, ,'
l':
$ir

$r,.'
__

5B

mention the possibility of further

communication

Present tenses are normally used but

some past tenses can be used to

describe your past experrence, /e.g. /
finished school in 2003 and joined a
computer course, where

Conclusion
To sum up, I believe that if we include some of the suggestions
above, we will be able to create a very attractive and informative
brochure. As a result, the public will have a very clear idea of the
**k that we do here.

d i pl o m

rr

r.3

obtoined

You may also use future constructions,

(e.9.

intend to continue my studies in

London and I will soon

voluntary work in order to

a i n I nfo r m ati o n Tech n ol o gy.)

...)

be

storting

a
r/

- -::'sranding the Rubric

;:::
::-.

nnatysing a letter of application

ffi

10 a. Read the model and find:

:' ':bric below, paying carefulattention to

. - rer, red words and phrases. Then answer the

1
2
3
4
5
6

: -s-- 3rs that follow.

'r- -3,e seen the following advertisement for a

:---:',ob ard have decided to apply.
Taylor and Partners
We need students to work in our offices
during the summer months. The work will
involve basic office duties in our London

Who

is

us

application. You should

thc teroet reader?

a reference to further communication

sociable person and I enjoy working with others as part

of a team. I also believe that I arn capable of working
alone and able to use my own initiative.
@ltVo,, *ish me to attend an intenriew, I am available
at any time. Thank you for considering my application. I
Iook forward to hearing from you.

What information should you include in the

How many main body paragraphs will you needT
What should they contain?
Which of the following beginnings and endings

Yours faithfully,

are appropriate? Give reasons,

Pora {"ollie.r
Dora Collier

Dear Sir/Madam,

u:

I thought I,d drop you a line about

the advertisement for the sunmer
psition advertised in the Derby Times.

b. Suggest an alternative

i'

beginning and ending

for this letter.

..
u.

il

..,.g_+.f,,\.

details about the writer's personality

ffie-ns far as my personality is concemed, I would

describe myself as industious and motivated. I am a

introduction?

a reference to past work experience

London office.
p.l am a sixteen-year-old high school student and am
very interested in this position. When I leave school, I
plan to study business administration and this would be
a perfect opportunity for me to gain some experience.
fu>Although I have no formal work experience, I have
6ften helped out in the family business, where I have
been responsible for duties such as filing and taking
telephone messages.

write between 120 and I80 words.

1
2

doing now

would consider my application for the vacancy in your

about vour personality.

of

is

ffip-I am writing in response to your advertisement in

yesterday's Student News. I would be grateful if you

about any experience which you have had

Write your letter

what the writer

future plans

Dear Sir/Madam,

branch and anyone who is a fulltime

student can apply. We are looking for
people with initiative, so write and tell us
about yourself. We'll be interested to read

but most of all we want you to tell

where the job was advertised

Dqw Sdlll"A^t *,
I
..,
I otrrv wt;fin,n, o,Itour' *r- I"lr. I onw *
5iilArelrvL o rd" I tt-r;/ h" I l'tr,/ve' oXX" tlrp il$',Jb

Read the model again and find formalwords/

11 a. phrases

which mean the same as the informal

given
ones
in the table, as in the example.

lnformol sfYle
t0 answer

"':":::a::,.::::::,,7,.:a.,tar:.:::..!.tl1l1il11ta:ry{ryslrrtaltri!riflrg9,ipiarr**...u.i*,*.*w,,,.]1

Fcrmcl

style

in response to

think about

Well, thanke f or qivinq me the chance

to apply for this, l'm eure ii.,'ll be qreaL
fun workinq in your London branch.

job

Youro,

done things like

Jim Smith

answering the phone

cnance
I haven't got any

'"n'l'11...,*,-"*,irye's***::sr!*1.{t1|'\i..,r'..,-,t,*"'."*'*,,
as for what I'm really like,

I think I'm the right person for the job. Calt I

me if you like.

can

Yours faithfirlly,
James Smith

free

lf you want

can't wait to hear

59

b.

Now use the formal words and phrases to make

sentences that you could use in your own letter

ilisuuss

of application.

13

rrror Correction

$
12

a.

Look at the writing tasks below, underline the key

words and, for each one, answer the questions that
follow.

The model below is not a suitable letter of

Correct the underlined mistakes.

.:.-.:

"application.
Think about:

=,,

{3

. unnecessary word . wrong tense

. missing word
. puncuation problem
. language too informai r ,,,ir-on9 preposition
o wron9 \,,ord ofcer
. incorrect salutation
. gerund/

.,rF'
I :*
t',
i-_,

rfiniri',,e misrake

You have a weekend job working in a shop.

The manager wants to make the shop more
profitable and has asked you to r,vrite a report

**

making some suggestions.

Write your report for the manager.

SF

You have seen the following announcement for

a part-time job.

Dear )ir/Maaam,

I write

Nhis leNter

to

apply

for the job I

oaw
Do you have free time in the evenings?

aaverLised eomewhere.
I hare alwaye wan\ed d,oinq thie job ever eince I wae
liltle boy. I alwaye like No waLch filme on'N and dream
Ehrt one day I wtll work rt an office, lN sounde really
cool and l'm sure LhaE you are a qreaN boed Ihere is
and anolher reaeon why I warfi Nhis job it, ie becauee

We are looking for sensible and mature

young people to work part-time in our
Accounts Department. You do not need
any experience but we need you to be
honest and reliable.
Write and tell us a little about yourself
and why you think you would be suitable
for the iob.

when I leave echool I wanL to be a mana1er, and it would,

be qood experience for me, I would aleo like Lo know how
much is lhe salary in order to plan my holidayo for Lhe

a)mmen Tleaee

let me know if I aeL Nhe iob. I can'l

wair)

Yours lruly,
B'tll

Write your letter of application.

.,t'',

-;;il;;;;il;;il;;';

. .l{

from the underlined mistakes. Read it again

and say if the writer effectively:

1 mentions the reason for writing

X
2 says where he saw the job advertised )(
3 mentions the type of job he is applying for...
4 separates his writing into paragraphs
5 includes only relevant information
6 says what he is doing now'
7 mentions relevant experience
8 mentions his academic qualifications
9 refers to his personal qualities
10 links his ideas with appropriate linking
1l
12

words and phrases

summarises the points in the main body
thanks the person for considering his
application

13

asKs

the person to consider him for the

joblcourse

60

14

mentions the possibility of further

communication

t)

uses appropriate Ianguage

What do you have to write?

Who

What would be a suitable way to begin?

Will you use section headings? lf so, suggest

What information should you include in the

is

the target reader? What style

is

appropriate?

suitable ones.
marn

body?

6
7
14

Which linking words and phrases could you use?

How could you end your piece of writing?

Using the information you have learned in this unit,

write one of the tasks above. You should write

between 120 and 180 words.

"Mr

Smith,

wny

are

you late for work this

morning?"

"lgot

married, sir."

"Well, see

it

happen again."

doesn't

\]

:'
.,sn

r:1.

',,,,:.,,!

a:t

l-l
lsl

Make Yourself
at Home
I
t

.a*

'?'*
s

r,

lr&-..,

* *e*X

rj

.i
.:
i'=S

,,i,*t

:::

Lead-in

c.

ln which room(s) can you see each of the

following? What other items can you see?

. potted plants . light fittings . a fireplace

. French windows . a mirror r a three-piece suite

. a carpet .

a coffee

r ornaments .

table r draped

curtains

wooden floor

In pairs, use the adjectives to talk about the

Would you like to live in any one of the following?

Why/why not? Discuss in pairs.

.
.
.
.
.

a nouseboat
a caravan (mobile home)
an underground house

A:

I'd like to live in a penthouse on the top floor of

rooms aDove.

P,oom C looks bare to me. There's

'

sofa and a coffee table

B:

Yes,

I think rt would be great to be above all the other

a.

Paraphrase the following quotations. Which one

do you agree with the most? Why? Discuss.

A man travels the world over in search of

what he needs and returns home to find it.

What kind of person do you think each of these

rooms belongs to? Tell your partner.

A house is no home unless it contains food

and fire for the mind as well as the body.

',< the room in picture A belongs to an artistic person, lt,s

A house is made of walls and beams. A home

is built with love and dreams.

...

Listen and match the speakers to the houses in

the pictures. Which words helped you decide7
ra mela

buildings.

not much f urniture, just

...

qlso looks impersonal, don't you think?

:,i,Ltiful room

an isolated cottage in the countryside

a penthouse on the top floor of a skyscraper

skyscraper so that I could enjoy the vrew of the city,

. bare . spacious r cosy . traditional

. comfortable . airy . impersonal . rustic
. stylish . modern . lived-in . crowded
:

What does each person do for a living?

b.

lf you could change three things about your

home, what would they be? Why?

Sarah

-arry

o
afr:q4g!!ry..

''
,+S.ffi

*',.'i

\\\Li

S*o

ro do
thistask

successfutty you
need to find the tinks
between the sentences and
the text before and
after each gaP.

Look at the title and the

iicture. What do you think

the article is about?

b. Read the introduction to

the article. Why do you

think the couple decided to
live underground? Read the
first paragraph quickly and
check.

Would you ever consider

living underground? What
would the advantagesi
disadvantages be? Think
about:

. noise . light
. building costs . space
. neighbours
r maintenance . heating
. views . safety . bills
I

would think living underground

might be less noisy.

Yes,

but it could also be extremely

dark, don'tyou agree?

Look at the text. Eight

sentences have been

A Society is going to have to look at energy usage, and

underground homes can be space-saving in a crowded country.
The light coming in through them should create interesting
lighting effects in the central living area - and reduce the need
for artificial light.

considerable amount

of

money is saved on energy and

removed. Read the first

paragraph, then look at the
underlined words in
sentence l. What do theY

maintenance bills, and earth-sheltered homes are free from most

forms of noise and have a low fire risk.
Also, some people find it difficult to cope psychologically with
living in an earth-sheltered dwelling, but this usually applies only

show?

to deep structures.
They can make use of steep slopes and can have attractive wide

Now read the article and

choose from the sentences
(A-l) the one which fits each

use.

glass fronts.
The first time the couple climbed down a dangerous old iron
ladder to inspect the inside of the reservoir, they expected to
descend into metres of mud and water.
The couple have since used a special drill to cut three large
square holes in the roof, which will soon support three glass

Underline the words both in

the text and the sentences
which helped you decide on
your choices. Compare your
answers to your partner's.

pyramids.
Because an earth-sheltered home is so effectively insulated,
there is virtually no loss of heating and, therefore, significantly
reduced heating bills.
A few months later, along with his wife. Sarah. he is about to
become one of the few Brits who live below the earth'

gap. There is one sentence

which you do not need to

62

-t

' * r-, >::::',ra,' Ieisurely leafing through a local

r '!i : t.:t,:- i'.'ler he saw a small advert for a "concrete
'"'-:-, , -':'saie U The couple, known locally as
r'": * , :S tiar e decided to go underground not just
j,* :,n::-e\ \\ant one of the most unusual homes in
- r'i, - :,: ror good ecological reasons too.

naturally protected from wind and draughts. Earth

sheltering also provides greater security and at the same
time a building that will last a good 500 years. There are
fewer than a dozen earth-sheltered homes in Britain,
30 which makes their inhabitants into pioneers of a sort.
Building this way is also compatible with the new
conservationist methods. FTl fo avoid living in 'shoe
boxes'and to keep agricultural land green, there is really
only one way of building: underground. 'ln 100 years'
35 time, or less,' says Timothy, 'l believe that large
numbers of people will be living in earth-sheltered
homes in Britain.'

: ( -.rr

immediately that it would make a wonderful

r -,: .ar s Timothy. t2I These will be the main
vvll
lightlt qland
lU Iheat
lgqL for
lul the
Ll lE Ihouse.
luuJc.
|Natural
\oLul ol 116l
lightrL will
',-"-:
- -: -1r
-,, llSl
"-.: -'rrough glass walls to the three bedrooms, two
: --,'lir"rs and kitchen offthe central area.

- .\Dect virtually no heating bills,' Timothy

*,

Earth-sheltered homes don't have to be like Timothy's

IGT] n patio is also possible, as long as there
is enough space in front of a house.

reservoir.

However, according to Peter Carpentier, secretary of the

British Earth Sheltering Association, who lives in his own
underground home, there are a few disadvantages. For
instance, because there are so few earth-sheltered
homes in the UK, it is usually hard, although not
impossible, to get planning permission. FTl When a
lot of excavation is needed, building costs can be higher
than for conventional homes, although savings can be
made in other ways.

says. 'The

-nding earth and the inside of the walls should

, , re an ample storage area for the solar energy we

- :^rough the pyramids during the day. FI we
"..
{s;:rlate that this will cut our electricity bills by at least

"-'l
--

= :ouple's belief in the benefits of living underground

- :eruine. Living underground, which is quite common
- r:rierica, in parts of Spain and in China, has many
.l. xtages for families. FTl What's more/ they are

The couple's belief in the benefits of

Vocabulary Practice

a.

Match the highlighted words in the text to their

synonyms below.

. expenses . almost o gigantic

. more than enough . residents . unhurriedly
. calculate approximately . practices
b.

Which words or ohrases in the text describe the

materials used for this kind of building?

conservationist methods. (lines 31-32)

What advantages/disadvantages of living

underground does the article mention? List them,
then talk to the class about the pros and cons of
living underground.

The article states that "Society is going to have to

look at energy usage ..." (Sentence A). What ways
are there to save energy in our homes? Think about:

Text Analysis

a.

e alternative energy sources

Look at these two phrases from the article.

What

is

the meaning of the word 'good' in each

living

underground is genuine. (hnes 22-23)

Building this way is also compatible with the new

,,r,",ir,!tr,

,,1r,1.ri:

recycling

insulation

Discussion

sentence?

... not just because they want one of the most

unusual homes in Britain, but for good ecological

reasons

too. (lines 4-6)

. ... a building that will last a good 500 years.

(line 28)

b.

Look at the following phrases from the article

and explain them in your own words.

ln pairs, discuss the following.

Could earth-sheltered houses be the homes of the

future? Why (not)?

What other types of houses might people have

the future?

in

In pairs, take roles and act out a dialogue between

Timothy and Sarah, while they are viewing the

house for sale.

.L--

63

ryp"r of

a.

F{ouses

Look a1i :fr,s types of houses.

\a/hicn rrould you find in a

Think of as many adjectives as you can to make collocations to

complete the spidergrams. Which of these features are there in
your house? Tell your partner.

ffi

front

rench

sr.rburban, urban or rural area?

. ::::e j: . c.ingalow r flat o bedsit

nouse . maisonette
. :e':aced house . hotel suite
'olhouseboat . mansion o studio
r semi-detached . detached . villa
o penthouse . farmhouse

o::-^a

sliding

pic

front

thatched

Cottages are usually found in rural areas.

b.

well-kept
slate

What kind of home do you live

in? Where is

it located?
modern
antiquekry

a. Tick (/)the

rooms/areas which
your house has, then describe it
to your partner.

cellar I
guest room !
larder tr
bedroom I
yard tl
hall
tr
living room !
back garden I
kitchen I
garage tr
attic I
shed tr
balcony I
b.

welLequipped

landing I
front garden I
patio
I
swimming

You enter the house

pool!

toft

I
gur.r roor I
dining room I
utility room I
terrace tr
porch t]
drive
I
study
I
roof garden tr

Which rooms/areas would you like

your house to have? Use the useful
language to discuss in pairs.

A:,

My house has

had a shed

...

.lt

would be nice if we

it

My house has ..., but lwould love it if

:ltJ

...

it

etc

l Useful language: Expressing

wishes

.
.
.
.
.
.

lt would be nice/qreaVwonderful if
I

would love it if

ffi nenting a house/flat

4

a.

Work in pairs. lmagine that you and your friend are going to
study in England and are looking for a place to rent. Decide on
the kind of place you would like by ticking the boxes below
You can add more features of vour own.

cosy

traditional

in a fashionable district

stylish

fully-equipped

A: I think we should rent somewhere spacious. I don't want to feel cramped.

B: You're right.We should rent somewhere stylish, aswell.

b. Read the advertisements and explain the words/

'

..

Slpert 2,bednr*n
!.f: fil irf t$i)"slor?:
h{!ilii+ iil

tll* heffi

{}f dsi.ftbl.

Having a(n) ... would make things so much

nicer/easier/more convenient ...

ilo$l

E*d rJistdcr.
L,I{)r,i*rfi df sig;: \y;th

...

Erompton fioad

?G

...

l've always wanted a(n)

My dream is to have a

lwish we had

!
f] fully-furnished I affordable !
peaceful !
easily accessible !
isolated !
in the city centre l-l
easy to maintain I
cheap !
modern decor !
in rhe countrysrde I
other....... ..

spacious

phrases in

bold. Then, in pairs, decide which is the best for you.

outside. How about you?

had

through a large wooden front door.

then I would be able to

keep my bike there instead of leaving

B:

garden

kilrher-ditlsr
in{l rlilily ro{}m.

5{.} p./w

r1!:.1r-j.

:t

pius |,illii.

"r .r...1:r.:,:, :

l,i, r::::::

..- r I,

ti.ii;ii:itrlttiir,,,l.,rll

fr

-,

Appliances & Furniture

q :

The nouns below are all

household objects. Which

D.

Which of the household chores in Ex. 7a do you do? How oftent

Discuss with your partner and decide if you could live together.

A:

B:

That's qreat because

don't mind putting the rubbish out.

I

hate it.

syllable(s) are stressed?

. pillowcase . dustbin bag

. ashtray r 6) o greenhouse
. bathtub . armchair
"r

ffi

raiors and Fixed phrases

In the sentences below there are some common phrases

. bedside lamp . fireplace

. pepper mill . light bulb
. washing machine
. 000Kcase

1 Make yourself oflos home.

2 All of our tomatoes are home-grown/-mode.
3 lordered some kitchen knives from the home-shopping/marketing
4
5

o. Now listen and check if

you were right.
Jiscuss

,vhat people who live in

nomes, that don't have these

cbjects might use instead.

:.

suppose people who don't have

bags from the supermarket.

$
7

Yes,

that's what we do at home.

rnrrsut Verbs

Highsmith hos
leove home by her father " Ms
home "'
ner noute
madeswitzerlond
madeSwitzerlond her
or at the place where

;;;;;,o

;:il,.i,il'il}:flffi ;:;;;

numberT

to put the

rubbish

before you

see us,

has been

^"'

mavo n naise are ho me-mod e "'

8 home shoPPing; also sPelled homeshopping.

ond we soon felt quite at

NUN-oJN-

home...

them

wash

lf you clear .............. all the

5
6
7

finished

playing with your toys, put

(rc'^
': :i.;tj;,
''om \ome a^o are "'

homesick /houmsld l' uo' are

homesick, vou feel unhappt btftltl

;,oL are av\aY

..,i.':i-cr.

missing your family, frlends' and nolne

very much She'sfeeltngalittlehomesick'

F=r.-l:-lr

visiting the Smiths; they really make you feel like/othome

l've been all over the world, but there's no place like home/house.
| enjoy

The comments she made about his manners really hit/got home. He's
never behaved like that since.
At the end of the match, the importance of our victory came/arrivedhome

to

be space for my motorcycle.

the moit s uccessful name in home

mean.

junk in the garage, there'll

to a guest 'Make Yourself

feel
You are making them

..

shoPPing in the UK'

Underline the correct word in each sentence, then say what the phrases

1
2
3

cooked dinner, so I think it's

me.

lf we win this match, we'll be home/house and dry.

I

think it's time Sam faced up to a few home/housetruths.

don't have a verv active social life. l'm more of a home/housebird.

the

cupboard.

Don't leave your coat on the

chair. Hang it.............. in
the wardrobe where it
oerongs.

hang

the washing.
put it on the radiators.

to

PHR

+k-+ i.

ihan In a
made in someone's home, rather
and
bread,
The
Postry
factory'
or
shop

Home shopping rs ouylng Lnings by

usuv'linkPNR
ordering them by post or telephone'
a
home
use
4In Britlsh English, you can
rather than going to a shop to. buy
Iludm.s-l
from home to refer to a place in which

pleased

go to bed, will you?

It's too wet to

PHRASES

at ttome',

in

your iountrY rather than abroad

made; also spelled homemade.

h^6ama.te
;;;^;" 1a..tT:]^
::*::*.'^'*:Tii:,ii:1fi:

i rf yo, feel at home, 1lou feel v-link

comfoiable and at ease in the place or
situation that you are in He appeared

ond videos.
5 lf you saY

You won't forget

them

arrer

tvs
home, offering microwaves, dishwashers'

with the

When you've

ADV: ADV

Your

only fair that you

;;,

from
English, You saY a home awaY
hime. ManY cottages are a home from

correct particle.

"'

Home-grown fruit
^"'
and vegeiables have been grown in usuADrn
g;;J.", rather than a farm' or in

6 horn"-gro*n.

you feel happy and at ease, just as ifyou

own home ln Amerlcan
were in

Appendix 2
Fill the gaps

rn
N'uNcouNT welcome and rnviting them to behave
refer in a general
an informal, relaxed waY

told to
were born. At seventeen, Daniele wos

ffi;;;

dustbin bags could use plastic

to

wav to the house, town, or country

*here someone lives now or where they

;,1"'T:
I

network last night.

Being away for so long you must feel homeless/homesick.
l've now made/settledLondon my home.

1 You can use home

with your partner

with home. Look

at the dictionary entries and underline the correct option in each

sentence. What other information do the entries give?

+emote control

l'll

ffi nr"positions 'ffi,,.

Aooendix

10

Fill in: oli within,in, fo, on. Then make sentences using the phrases.

'f to be situated ..,.; 2 .... .......... the country; 3 .... ...... . the suburbs;
4 ............... the outskirts; 5. ............. the heart ..............; 6 close
the city centre, 7 ............ . easy reach
; 8 ............... walking distance

65

Listening

Part 3

you will hear five people giving their views on sharing a house. Before you listen, look at the six headings (A-F)
listed in the box and underline the key words. What r"'*"*
(narkorll
I
A Appreciating one's own space
do you expect each speaker to talk about?

a.

B
C
D
E
F

For questions (1-5), choose which of the

headings in the list (A-F) the people are talking

Inr
t7

about. There is one extra letter which you do

' not need to use.

c.

Managing household chores

Finding a way to afford a house

>peaKer
>peaKer

Adapting to someone else's lifestyle

Finding the right flatmate

zl I
--1 I
5l

Speaker

4[_l
=i

Speaker

5l I

A difficult person to live with

a.

t
"
z

Scott-Betnick led a lonely

Scott-Betnick had every room in

pink

his

Whitaker Wright invested a lot of

in his

is

true (r) or false

rnoney

house

I
t---l

Only rich people have eccentric houses.

Eagle Rock is built entirely from glass,
Alexander Wortley chose his home according

to his political beliefs

Hout"hold items

Here are some pictures of household items. Talk

in pairs about how often you use each one'

Then choose threethat are so important that

every home should have them.

Speaking

Part 4

b. Discuss the following:

1
2

according

The ballroom of Witley Park is still in use.

GPort3
a.

(F)

Which of the places mentioned would you like to live in?

66

-..'-.,..,.,-,-.*'J

to what you hear.

house painted

4 Q
.

ii
I
I

i
I

you will listen to someone being interviewed about some unusual English homes. Before you listen, look at the
for the
statements (1-7) listed in Ex. 2b below and underline the key words. In pairs think of synonyms/opposites
key words.

life.

Part 4

(u-) t1o* listen to the recording and decide whether each of the following statements

.''..

Which qualities should the person you share a house with have?

Listening

{1stro-.nt, n a

What do you think life would be like without modern appliances?

Has modern technology improved our lifestyle? In what ways?

lirt.n to two students doing

Parts 3 and 4 and assess them in terms of:

grammar and vocabulary .discourse management

pronunciation

interactive communication

T
u
T
T

ql
. Avoiding giving

Communication

.
5

Making a complaint

a.

A: When can I have Your rent?

B: l'll have to get backto you about thot'

for strong.
There seems to be something wrong
o I want it repaired as soon as possible

'

wrth

'

b. In pairs, imagine you are in the following

situations. Use the sentences in the box to

.,' . that's not good enough

avoid giving a direct answer.

. I'd like to bring something to your attentlon

. Can you do somethrng about it?

You want

. What are you going to do about it?

that's unacceptable

I have a problem that demands your immedtate

You want to know the cost

glazing fitted.

Use phrases from above to complete the

dialogues between landlords and tenants'

if I may.
B: Sure. What is it?
A: l've got a problem in my flat. The bathroom tap

..

..

....

....

please?

l'll see what I can do

OK, thanks,

B:

l'll have to get back to you on/about that'

I see.

B:

oI

Useful language: Avoiding giving a direct

is leaking.

L/.

o
a

can't give You an answer right now'

o I can't say for certain.
l'd rather not say
that
answer
to
l'm not in a Position
l'll have to think about it.
' l'll let you know'
It's out of my hands.
' l'll see what I can do
l'm a bit busY at the moment.

Could I have a word with You, Please?

Everyday English

Certainly. What is it?

A The radiator in my bedroom isn't working and

3) . .. ...... .. ...
B: l'll have to get back to You on that.
Well, l'm sorrY, but 4) ... ... . .. .
Alright. l'll come and take a look at it now'
A: That's more like it. Thank You.

Omisslons

a.

In conversation, speakers often leave out parts

of a sentence. In pairs, write out the complete

sentences, as in the examPle.

B:

Fancy something

In pairs, act out similar dialogues using the

promPts.

. broken lock on front door

. loose tiles tn bathroom
. leaking roof
.

to eat?

Do you fancY something to eat?

2 Any news Yet?

3 Miss you ., ..
4 Got the time?
5 Been waiting long? . .
6 Better be gotng.
7 Need a hand?......
8 Time for bed...... .
. . .

c.

having douc e-

anSwer

. A: 1)

A: 2)

of

Someone you don't know very well wants to mo"

in with you.

attentton

B:

to know when some repalr worK'"n: c:

completed.

b.

:: : *:' :

giving a direct answer?

Look at the phrases in the list' In pairs decide

which are used for mild complaints and which

Read the exchange. Who is try r-Q

a.

a direct ans'*'e"

..

..
.

cracked window

b. Now match these responses

to the questions/

statements above.

fTS]Sorry, no.
l-Tb I This earlyz
l-Tc I nlready?

fTdl

Rses.

fle-]l'll

manage

fTfl Noth ns
FIgJWhy noil
l-ThlMe, toc

-Mr

Readinq

vo- ,', ie;! an er(ract from Charles Dickens' Great

ivJ:cc:,eri. Before you read the extract, read the
text below and answer the questions'
Charles Dickens (1812-1870) is the

greatest English novelist

of

the

Victorian period. Great Expectations'

written between 1860-1861, is a ragsto-riches story of a poor boy' Philip

'Pip' PirriP (the narrator),

who
suddenly comes into a fortune and is
sent to London to be educated as a
gentleman. Despite his good nature'
Pip becomes a snob and is comrPted
by his good fortune. He is impressed
by the wrong PeoPIe for the wrong
reasons, and he loses touch with his

with Pip
honest, hard-working friends' The story ends
Iosing his wealth and position in society'
Mr Wemmick is a humble, honest hard-working
Pip's
employee at Mr Jagger's law flrm, which handles
and
to
In this extract Pip has been invited to supper
a$airs.

meet the Aged Parent at Mr Wemmicks house' He

has not yet, it seems, become a cornrpt snob "'

Other works bY Charles Dickensl

Oliver Twist (183?-39), Nicholas Nickelby
(1838-39), David Copperfreld (1849-50)'
!
i****-*-.,*,*e.e.d@-''ai'{;+*o*,.a**@

-)

!*,!?w

'l
2

What do you think is the moral of Great Expectations?

Why has Dickens given his novel this title?

a.

Look quickly at questions 1 to 7 in Ex' 3' What

do vou think Mr Wemmick's house looks like?

Wemmick's

"C0$tle"

Wemmick's house wad a little wooden cottage in the

been
middle of a large garden. The top of the house had

I
built and painted like a battery loaded with guns' I said
really liked it.
I think Wemmick's house was the tiniest I had ever
almost
seen. It had very few windows, and the door was

too small to get in.

'Look,' said Wemmick, 'after I have crossed this

bridge, I raise it so that nobody can enter the Castle''
The 'bridge'was a plank, and it crossed a gap about
four feet wide and two deep' But I enjoyed seeing the
which he
smile on Wemmick's face and the pride with

10

house' he
hoisted his bridge. The gun on the roof of the
told me, was fired every night at nine o'clock' I later

heird it. Admittedly, it made

an impressive

sound'

15

'At the back,' he said, 'there are fowls and rabbits'

grow
I've also got.my own little vegetable garden, and I
yourself
cucumbers. Wait until supper and you'Il see for
kind of salad I can make' If the Castle is ever

what

he 20
attacked, I will be able to hold out for quite a while,'
said with a smile, but at the same time seriously'
He led me to a little leafu shelter which was only a
few metres away, but the path that led to it was so
winding that it took us quite a while to get there' It was
here that our glasses were set out' Our drink of punch
bank the
was cooling in an ornarnental pond, on whose
shelter was built. The pond had a small 'island' in the
middle, where Wemmick had built a fountain'

am my own engineer' my own carpenter' my own

plumber and my own gardener. I am my own Jack of all 30

'I

b. Skim the extract and check your answers'

2
r

the
Read the text and for questions 1'7' choose
the
of
parts
correct answer (A, B, C or D)' Which

text helped you decide on your answers?

A
B
C
D
2

first impression of Wemmick's house?

He is impressed bY the garden'
He thinks the house is ridrculous'

What

is Pip's

the house too small'

He reallY likes the house'

He finds

WhY had Wemmick built a bridge?

A For decorative reasons

B To defend his home

C To imPress PiP
D To feel safe fron' burglars

68

25

How did Pip react to the pond and the fountain'

A He told Wemmick he liked them'

B He decided to saY nothing

C He thought they were too eccentric'
D He admired Wemmick for his taste'
How did Pip feel about meeting Wemmick's
relative?

A He agreed with enthusiasm

B He tried to say no.
C He felt extremelY embarrassed'
D He didn't reallY want to.
Wemmick's'collection of curiosities'

A
B

included many items obtained illegally'

was a mix of interesting small items'

"+F,Sit,

sl1$,e

';

said Wemmick,

acknowledging my
r :'i:,::-nts. 'Well, it's a good thing, you know. It
r : ;.r: i ::e Aged Parent. You wouldn't mind being
: : ,:,;;.j to him, would you? It wouldn't bother you?'
. ,. : trat I could only agree. Inside, we found a very

-::

a.

manv olants r raised

r with many twists ind turns . decorative

. context . with
r curls r

35

a flannel coat sitting by a fire. He was clean,

r.
.r . -.,2nd rvell cared for, but almost completely deaf.
'

. :.id our respects and made some

b.

small

:,::sdtion. Then, Wemmick showed me his collection

:*:r -'sities. They were mostly to do with being on the
.- ,-: side of the law: a pen with which a famous
-l=:-, had been committed, a couple of distinguished
-*
'>. some locks of hair, several manuscript
- --"-.sions written from prison. These were nicely
;:':i out among small items of porcelain and glass
;: : ," irious iittle things made by Wemmick himself.

lffl r"*t Analysis

The following phrases are taken from the passage.
Explain them in your own words.

: ,:e hob, as the kitchen too.

tr\'e returned to the garden to drink our punch.

2
3
4

=:mick told me that it had taken him many years to

-:,:,s his property to this state of perfection.
'Is it your own, Mr. Wemmick?'
'Oh yes, I have got a hold of it a bit at a time. I have

writer placed the word 'bridge' in quotation marks?

55

The 'bridge' was a plank, and it crossed a gap about

four feet wide and two deep, (lines 10-11)

I don't want to talk

'When I gb to the office, I leave the Castle behind

me ...' (line 59)

Look at this sentence from the text. Why has the

'\ever seen it,' said Wemmick, 'never heard of it.

: the office is one thing, and private life is another.
i:len I go to the office, I leave the Castle behind me,
::-i rvhen I come into the Castle, I leave the office
:'=rind me. If you don't mind, I'd like you to do the

'l am my own Jack of all Trades...' (lines 30-31)

'... to bring his property to this state of perfection.'
(lines 51-52)

50

;n

rs.riutc ownership now.'

'Do you indeed? I hope Mr. Jaggers admires it?'

'... you'll see for yourself what kind of salad I can

make.' (lines 18-19)

i\ere all in that room of the Castle that served not

' --. :s the sitting room, but, judging from a saucepan

,,.ne.

Read the text again and underline the words/

phrases the author uses to describe Wemmick's

40

:-.:f

survtve

house. Use the words/phrases to talk about

Wemmick's house.

".

Match the highlighted words in the passage

with their synonyms below.

: :.:: h

tu

Vocabulary Practice

Look at these two statements and find evidence in

the extract to support them.

7
60

Mr Wemmick is house-proud.

about my home in 'a

He refers

: :.-rfessional maniler.2

to his cottage as'the Castle'

...

Pip feels a little uncomfortable.

C
D

was of very high value.

only had things made by Wemmick.

What do we understand about Wemmick's

home life?
A He has to try hard to keep people from invading it.
B lt is more important to him than his career.
C He rarely allows work to interfere with it.
D lt has taken him many years to separate it from
his work.

What

A
B
C
D

is

the writer trying to do in this extract?

Show us that Pip is a good-natured person

Narrate Pip's visit to Wemmick's house
Introduce the Aged Parent into the plot
Show us that Pip doesn't have good manners

'{*t

Discussion

In pairs, discuss the following.

lrri:,g,lii"

r
.

What makes you feel proud of your home?

Have you ever done any home improvements?

What were they? Were you pleased with the

results? Why (not)?

@
.

Dickens created 989 individual characters during

his career.

Dickens published Great Expectatlons in hls week y

magazine

All the Year Round.

69

er"t"nt Perfect ?

Grammar Reference

Match Speaker A to Speaker

In pairs, use the prompts to ask and answer

questions. Use the present perfect or the past
simple as appropriate.

B.

A: Have you ever been to Germany?

B: No, I haven't. / Ye;, I went there two years

The living room looks

Oh, yes. My dad's

nrce.

fixed it.

''l What's the matter?

3 lt smells great in
here

about it.
l've put it in the

ic drnnornrrc

washing machine.

your cooker

We've run out.

l've cut myself.

l've made something

7 Where's

l've taken her to the

the cat?

8 There's no milk left.

a.

1
2
3
4
5

special for tonight.

shirt.

ago.

see/film/Al Pacino?
ever/fail/exam?

ever/be/bungee-jumping?
read/good books/lately?

You haven't seen these people for some time. What

might you say to them? Complete the sentences.

l've tidied up.

cl

working now?
I can't find my blue

2
3
4
5

I've told the landlord

That broken window

ls

ever/be/Germany?

vet.

A child who is now taller. "You've grown."

A friend who looks thinner. "You've ... ."
A friend whose hair is different. "You've ... ."
A friend you expected hours ago. "You've ... ."

A friend who says another friend has left town.

"Where has ...?"

Compare the sentences. How do they differ in

meaning?
I've done lots of things since yesterday.
I did lots of things yesterday.

Jrl

er"r.nt Perfect Continuour

In pairs, use the prompts below and appropriate

time expressions to ask and answer questions, as in

{--

Grammar Reference

the example.

b.

Which of the time words below would you use

with the past simple and which with the present
perfect? Use them to make your own sentences.

How long

.
.
.
.
.

. already . ago . last year . for months

. for ages . during last summer's holidays
r yet . since 'l 996 r several times
r over the past few weeks . lately

before

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect

use/personal computer?
use/a mobile phone?
live/your current address?

know/your next door neighbours?

be/since/redecorated?
How long have you been ustng a personal computerT
For

about

10

- l2vears, I think.

ry'

or the past simple, giving reasons for your choice.

English in Use - Part 3

A:
B:

b
c

l've never been to Germany, Have you?

(be) there once,
Yes, I 1)
but that 2) .................... (be) a long time ago.

........h:e

A: I 1) ................
B: Really. When 2)
A:

She

still

Pete

1)

between two and five words.

1)

.. (not/call) me back.
2)

......(go) out,l'm afraid.

My house is too small to have a big party.

not

........ (be) that?

(you/leave) the message?

A:
B:

Rewrite the sentences using the word in bold. Use

(see) that film before.

B: That's strange. What time

My house

..... to have a big party.

We have not sat in the qarden since last summer.
last
The .............

........ in the garden was last summer.

My sister came to visit a month ago.

since

How long is it since he 2) ................... (leave)r

(you/find) your keys yet?

A: 1) .........
B: No, and | 2)
. (look) everywhere.
(you/try) your coat pockets?
A: 3)
(look) there first.
B: Yes, l4) ......... ....

70

A:
B:

recently

...

lt

.....

.. .. ... ... ..

my sister came to visit.

The last time he called me was a month ago.

heard
I have

still

| ............................. him for a month.

not got an answer yet.

...................

an answer.

'a.a a. ), been to pa':

Sat'l*tg Sya*"e

-^1n.^

I;me

Th,s rs onlv rhe

.te has ,r*r1,, rornl

;.."":1;,

easy

F.r

good

*F

He has always ........,

decorating.
This is the strangest music I have
ever heard!

strange

wide boxE thqt can slide under a bed.

y,
9)J'$:11..
::.':1.'...;::..,.,, use your walls!
wails! Shelves
Shetves instailqg,onto
installgp, onto a
a w
are great for extra space. ltems that 10)fl{UYY... clutter
tabletop such as keys and paperwork can be secured on a
bulletin board.

1have....,......

rrr'. o.i"r.'
My shed is not big enough to
store my bike.

smarr tl:n:o
ru

English in Use

10

' ;; ;,;

the flat

Ur{

last year

have to commute, such a situation has its pros and z)....... Bernadette
Gillow,
who lives and works at lghtham Mote, a medieval Nationar Trust property,
admits

{;

because you don,t

Word formation: adjective

Use the endings in the list, and

that it can be difficult g) ...,... times. "lt takes some getting

4) ....... to, As you come
in with your supermarket bags on your day off, you wark
through showrooms t0 get
to your 5)....... . I once found a litile old lady on my sofa. No
6)....... how many
'PRIVATE" T) ....... you have on the door, if it opens, people willopen
it.,,However,
she's generally happy. when she g)....,.. the job as manager, the
whore famiry her husband and two chirdren - moved in. Renting out their g).,.....
home, they
have settled in and now 10) ....... from using the grounds
on summer evenings after
the visitors have gone. 'you feel a wonderfur
.. of history here,,'she says

endings (1)

make any other necessary changes

to form adjectives from the nouns
and verbs.

11)

.t!

. -able . -ical . _ant . _ent . _ive

. -en . _ous . -ful . -ible

..ll

:lll

fashion

10 wood

fashionable

11 courage

reluctance 12 wonder
3 imagine
13 horror
4 economy 14 gold
2

independence

resistance
7 absence
8 create
6

ail

':t

:!
:!
i:i!

ri
.tat

15 prestige

,rl
..'i!

16 care
17 possibility

:i
r:ll

1g duration
,r1l

history

.it!

'*

:!

English in Use

Part 5

Fill the gaps in the text

::i

ri

with words

formed from the words in capitals.

There is an example at the

beginning (0).

"Although it is 12) ....... a general management job, l'm responsible

forthe 13) ....,..
to day running of the property: the house and garden, the shop
and tearo'm, the

14)....... and the financiar administration. rt does grve us an

opportunity

to

compretely absorb the scenery and the property. lt's a gorgeous prace
to be and it,s
a great privilege. 15) ....... the drawbacks, I wouldn,t like
to go back to the wav we
lived before."

:ri1

Choose the right word (A, B, C or D) to fill each gap.

Have you ever 0) considered apprying for a job where you can rive
on the
premises? while'living above the shop'1),...... sound good

The students sharing

4
r#

rne same students are sharing

the flat this year.

changed

- Part

()A

1A
2A
3A
4A
5A
6A
7A
8A
9A
10A
11 A
12A
13A
144
15A

downs

B thought
B might
B fors

for

Bat

considered
should

used

r00ms
point
directions
took
final
reward
idea

basically
night
men

Spite

B felt
B parts
B matter
B labels
B received
B early
B benefit
B sense
B truly
B day
B people
B Although

C supposed
C will
G backs
Gin

C known
C quarters
C question
C messages
C agreed
C last
C enjoy
G

touch

C wholly
C week
C staff
C However

lr;'

h.,

il,t*'*

ll-,'

U.,
il,

t
{

{:

ii

!*r;:

D assumed
D would
D cons

L;i;.

Don

L,u

D lived
D sections
D doubt
D signs
D reached
D previous
D love
D tone
D completely
D evening
D members
D Despite

q.

u'

il'

71

\,'t''r::

!'\'f'c s :.e target

In such pieces of writing we always present the problem, then in

separate paragraphs we write our suggestions supported by reasons/

to be formal
or info.-a ) Give reasons.
Should vo- -ention the things that

possible results.

you liked abour the exhibiiion?

(e.g. letters, reports, articles, compositions, etc),

we often have to make suggestions/recommendations or give advice

always have a clear understanding of the problem so

thbt the suggestions/recommendations/advice are practical.

Target reader and style

appropriate to the reade(s) and the type of writing.

Organisation

- the style used should always

advice in separate paragraphs and the expected results

of

Analysing a letter
making suggestions

each

Linking

a variety of constructions should be used, e.g. _

One

... -

This

UnO"rstanding the Rubric

wourd/courd/miqht herp to ...

Dear Sir/Madam,

ii

enjoyed the recent Ideal Homes Exhibition

sffi

you

,&

,ldeal

..11f

ldeal Homee Exhibition

Great!

* Come and eee Ehe lateet in deaiqne f or

-What '.$
about
modern livinq.
Fantastic,
Atrn"rr'ora
'ftrcre'e so
Fr.
much
to see and do includinqt but no
dining
mention of
rooms? $
gardens!
Bathroomry t &er 3OO livinq room ideae
ideas? n . A ranqe of etyleo from top deeiqnero *rg
. Ewironmentally-friendly i4"2s M@
Notlong
|
.{

Too\ fiB 'n, aut, v\io year ie:

\$ fri.
most peopte

expensivefor

16th.

&'^ Enarance
l':i!11;!grltt,:rlglit,,,,,

Oun 1Bth.

am writing

to

1) say how much

,-F*

f
May$*"-x*

.::?,1s!!
>noutdbeat

pastaiiept

fee f,16.OO
.-,.,:9'.rrrlrg,r!t;1,.l{,::r.,rli:"'

and to 2) make one or two suggestions for

next year.

for living

rooms

were 4) really impressive. perhaps in future

years we could see a similar emphasis

placed on other rooms in the house. One
suggestion would be to feature more ideas
for bathrooms, and I am sure many of your
visitors would welcome inspiring ideas for
kitchens and dining rooms.

Secondly, 5) although the ideas for

protecting the environment were very well
presented, I think it would be a good idea
to include a feature about gardens. In this
way, people would be able to design their
outdoor areas in a way which actually
benefits the environment.
6) Finally, I recommend that you
extend the duration of the exhibition and
reduce the cost of the tickets. Ifyou were

to remain open for a minimum of

one

week, more people would be able to visit

it. 7) What is more, if it was cheaper, then
this would attract more visitors.

I hope that you find the above

suggestions 8)

.a..r,:....::-...,...\..,,:..,,.1

72

.ii...

:!.,

recen|y went to an exhibition entitled

Homes,. you
ffi en1oyed
the
exhibition
you
and
have
some
suggestions
on how
t
I to make the next one even better. Read the advertisement for
a rne exnrbrtron
you attended and the notes you made. Then write
r a letter to the organisers, giving your opinion on what you saw
i and making your suggestions.

useful

put forward

3) Firstly, the ideas

answer the questions that follow.

tr

,,ii

Read the rubric below and underline the key information. Then

truly

',t:i;i;*,i;;iir!ii;t*i;,t;iii*!&*rii!riiit;:,t;Ir,r.;,

I
1

in addition r

. to begin with . lastly

. despite the fact that
. congratulate you on the success of

Conditional and hypothetical sentences are also useful while we write

our suggestions, e.g.
lf we/the government were to

Read the model and replace the

words and phrases in bold with

the following:

If lwere you, twould ... Steps/measures should be

taken to ... (Joining a gym) would also help to ... _ By (joining a gym)
you could/would, etc

a.

The conclusion should summarise points mentioned in the main

body, encourage the reader(s) to take action, erc.

solution is to ...

end

your letter?

suggestron.

reader?

s:r,le need

How could you begin and

be

- The introduction should mention the problem(s)/cause(s)/effect(s).

- The main body should contain suggestron(s/recommendation(s)/
-

:.e

include in the main body? How could

you arrange them into paragraphs?

Relevance

Does

Which suggestions shouro you

Remember the following.

:o rou have to write?

ln many types of writing

helpful and I look for.ward

to attending next year.

Yours faithfully,
6qmaBrown
Emma Brown

: rd :l:rnples

^^- dUUU
^L^"t
- _: - .; - tllt9)
-oo<tinn<
i
-:(:i

::.:

^11

Useful language: Expressing the results of

in the model where the writer:

suggestions

the exhibition.
This

:-..s .'.rar the result of these suggestions would be.

'3chrases the information from the reading input

The resulVeffect of this would be to/that ...

In this way, we/you/people/etc would (be able to)

^ frer own words.

]U

would mean thaVlead to/result in ,.,

As a result, ...

lf ..., iVyou/we/people/etc could/would/mighVetc

Has

the writer included all the notes she

has

made?

think it would be a good idea to organise more excursions.

The effect

v-\
3

Useful Language

OR

a. Study the useful language in the box and find

term.

lf we were to organise more excursions, it would break up the

examples in the model in Ex. 2a.

Useful language: Making Suggestions/

b. Using the prompts given below, write

full

sentences, as in the example.

2
3
4
5
6

q
a. Read the paragraph below and choose the most
J
appropriate words/phrases in bold. Where could
you read this extract?

Recommendations

. iJggesvrecommend + gerund/that
. :nink it would be a good idea + to infinitive/if
. :erhaps we/you could + bareinfinitive
, '+ simplepast
. 'we/you were to + bare infinitive
. .lne/Another suooestion/idea would be/is + to infinitive

of this would be to break uo the term.

suggest I hold / festival / three times a year

I

suggest that you hold the festival three times

think / good idea / ask / principal / give / prizes

a year.

/ have / party / school hall

/ bought / new computer / work / better
lf / were / move / desks / have more space
Perhaps

Another difficulty that was mentioned in the report was

that visitors to the school were having problems
1) findinglto find parking places, causing parents to
worry about their children's safety when dropping them
off for school. One 2) waylsolution to solve this

problem 3) mustlwould be to enlarge the existing car

park. This 4) should/could easily be done by knocking
down the fehce to the right of the schoo! and
5) using/to use the neighbouring land for parking. tf we
6) hadlwere to do this, there 7) wouldlhad be much
more space and students and visitors 8) would be able
tolmight come and go safely.
,.*l:ltt{!.1114':.:f liil'.iri:lr':t:l'r'r:ir'::rr::it !:'"r'l

lf

b.

Another suggestion / sell tickets / students / parents

Underline the sentences in the paragraph above

which: make a suggestion; highlight o problem;
mention the expected result.

lmagine that you have been asked to suggest

improvements to your school or college. Match the
suggestions (1-6) to the expected results (a-fl. Then
use appropriate language from the useful language
in the box to make sentences, as in the examples.

excu

l2Tl

rsi

a help people with

tha l2nailrno

ons

advertise in the
change the lights in

[4Tl
[5Tl

start an English club

in class

[6Tl

d break up the
term

employ one more

use more video/DVD
lessons

attract more
students

receptron

reacner

to the one in

Ex 5a.

Problem:

Student numbers are falling

marr hlrrp tn eln<o

Suggestion:

Advertise what school offers

newspaper, radio, posters

Expected

result:

school
local

More people know about the school

attract new students

b reduce crowding

newspapers

lJTl

Use the prompts below to write a similar paragraph

Expected results

Suggestions

FTT| organise more

e
f

classes more fun

brighter for
vrsrtors

*!:t,u'*

ffi styt"

Your best friend has written to you asking for your

advice because he is bored with his room and
desperately wants to make some changes.

is not appropriate to write formally

A letter to a friend, for example, or an article for a
teenager's magazine, asks for use of less formal
language. Phrases which could be used for less formal

it

,'u' Sometimes

informal- ltwould

be a good ideato

paintyour room a

brighter colour.

writing include:

to write a magazine article

giving advice to foreigners who are considering

B You have

To give advice/make suggestions

.
.
r
.
.

Why don't You/we

been asked

coming to live in Your country.

We/{ou could...
lf I were you, l'd ...
I think it would be a good idea to .

Your teacher has asked you to write an essay saying

how you think we should deal with the problem of

Why not ...

homelessness in Your town.

To express the results of suggestions

.
.
.
r
r

Then you/we mighvcould ...

This

would mean that

..

You might find that .

That way,
You never know, you might ...
.

The following are too formal for the situation in

which each was written. Re-write each one in a
less formal style. Use expressions from above and
make any other necessary changes.

1
2
3
4

lf it was my decision, I would attend the party

After all, there is a distinct possibility that you
might meet new friends.
One suggestion would be for you to try to learn a
foreign Ianguage. lf you were to do this, it would
help you to obtain a better career.
| recommend that you join a gym As a result, you
will get fit and probably start to feel more positive.
| think it would be a good idea if you were to
telephone him. This would result in an opportuntty

to discuss this matter for a second time.

"rrrr'"r""'',i"':il'riirli'r"

rD
l

to a sports club and the secretary has

asked you to write a report, saying what

You belong

improvements could be made to the club's facilities.

ffi
9

UnA"rstanding the Rubric 2

Read the rubric, underline the key words and

answer the questions.

You are a member of a local youth club that may

+&

ffi
w

*;
*
t
a
I

1
2
3

w Brainstorming

'
l

lmagine that you are in the following situations.

What advice/recommendations/suggestions are
appropriate? Should they be expressed in formal or
informal language? In pairs, using the words and
phrases you have learned in this unit, decide what
you willwrite in each case.

have to close due to lack of funds The youth

leader has asked the club members to write an
article suggesting ways of raising money to keep

the youth club open. Suitable articles will

be

printed in the club's next newsletter.

Write your article. You should write between

120 and 180 words.
Who are the target readers? How formal does your

writing need to be?

What do you have to write?

Which
make

of the following

suggestions could you

(/)?

ery new equiPment

f]
I-l Increase the monthly charge to members
f] nsk the local council for helP
f Open a new youth club somewhere else
|_l Approach local companies for sponsorship
I Move to cheaPer Premises

of the suggestions that you ticked above,

say what the expected result would be.
What useful language could you use to introduce
the suggestions and results?
For each

11

0 :

work in pairs.

Read models A and B

below and say which one is a poor answer to the rubric in

Ex. 9. Think

about whether:

' :-::
.-:

'

suitable r the introduction catches the reader's attention . the writer follows the instructions in the rubric
style rs appropriate for the target reader r the writer paraphrases the rubric r the suggestions are suitable

tie

is

&r""''*'
*:
:

IS THE NORTH FIELDS YOUTH CLUB

GOING TO CLOSE DUE TO LACK OF

ffi

FUNDS?

e{tr

"

the present financial climate, many clubs and

:-.:tresses are struggling to survive. Sports clubs, too,

.:: :acrng difficulties due to lack of funds.

The main problem seems to be the rent that we

::', ior the club. It's over f500 a month and that's
-s: loo much really. What about moving to cheaper
:::mises - has anyone thought of that?
The youth leader has asked the club members to
:^::re an article suggesting ways of raising money to
!-;3p the youth club open.
i know that the club's not perfect but we could
-r. some new equipment and maybe even decorate
.: :r make it nicer for all of us.
I really like going to the club and I know that
of the others do as well, so come on - let's see
-:st
-- 'ae can do somethins to save it!

M
j*ta

HELP SAVE OUR

YOUTH CLUB
As most 0f you know, our club is facing a financial crisis.

*d

The question is: what are we going to do about it? The

ffi

suggestions below may or may not work, but one thing is for
sure
if we don't act now, we'll lose our club, and that is

&
w
.l:,.':

u:.,'
:i:. ,

i,:

,]: .
i:r::

Secondly,

'

we could apply to local companies

:,,-.'

Finally, if all that fails, one obvious solution is to increase the

fees that we pay for membership 0f the club. I suggest that each

of us pays t5 per month. Then, for a very small amount 0f

money, we would be able to continue enioying all the activities
that the club offers.

i",;:

meeting

to

discuss all the suggestions has

arranged 0n 4th March. Please try to be there

last chance!
"!*M

h
1

been

it might be our

ji-.,..,,.q*8,..,1.

Answer the following questions about model A.

Has the writer mentioned ways of raising money?
What irrelevant information has the writer
included in the main body?

Only one paragraph in the model is suitable. Which

is it and how could it be imoroved?
What do you think the target reader's reaction will

be? Whv?

for

sponsorship. This would mean that we would offer them free

advertising in return for a small donation. As a result, the club
could stay open.

lir't'

!..:

something that nobody wants.

First of all, I think it would be a good idea to approach the
local council for help. lf we could persuade the council to
make a financial contribution, we would be able to keep going.

Read model B and answer the questions.

What style has the writer used? Give

examoles.

How has the writer organised the points into

paragraphs?
Suggest suitable alternative opening and
closing paragraphs.

How does the writer introduce his

suggestions? Replace the
phrases with other

appropriate ones.
How does the writer
introduce the
expected result for
each suggestion he
makesT What other
phrases can he use?

"You mean you've

had this wreck for
20 years and you've

never had a car."

,t'lfffi
*Es**ss u..

11

answer the questions that follow'

Look at each of the rubrics below Underline the key words and, for each one,

r'r'i;+

A=
Z
!

This is part of a letter you have received from a pen friend

l,/ty couoin an), I are planninq Lo vislL yorr cauntry at lhe end
like your ad,vice abouN lhe besl way f or ta lo make the moet
where Lo 4o, wha1

of July for a shorL holid'ay.

ol

to see and d,o, and eo an. ?leaEe wriNe and,

I'd

our five or eix dayo there

Lell me whaN you euqqe6t,

'

Write your letter to your pen friend

B+

*
@

*g

your college has decided to replace its small snack bar with a larger self-service cafeteria. The colleqe magazine has
as well as other changes
invited its readers to suggest which dishes they think should be inc uded on the menu,
making your suggestlons
which would make the place more inviting to students Wrjte an arlicle for the magazine,
and giving reasons for your choices

4
+

Write your article

#
&
*

young people The person organising the trip'

You are going on a one-day trip to London as part of a group of
like to visit during your trip Read the extract
group
may
your
Mrs Jones, has sent you a list of interesting places
Mrs Jones suggesting which
from the list and the notes you made and using the information, write a letter to
places you

think you should visit

;tt"::t::l'L{ll:
''':"'l::+"''t'l:':':':'

Notea
Thank Mrs Jones
P\aceo

,
.
a

- qood' var\eNY ol

No v\s\N

lower ot
\Aad'ame

Y"??"lordon 1 definitelYeol\r'4
t urrl\fier
iuuuuua'
" J

-;:y:i#,1^Ki"o!,Y,*',,*'

frarroas
\d'ea' eePec\a\\Y
thoPot qreal

D=S
@

your class is going to take part in a student exchange programme next month Your teacher has asked each student
do in their free time in your
to write a composrtion suggesting activities which their foreign exchange student can
neighbourhood.
Write your composition,

Who is the target reader? What style is appropriate?

What information do you need to include?
What suggestions/recommendations could you make?

What results would you expect from these suggestions?

Choose two of the tasks above and write each one in 120

What phrases could you use

to

introduce these

suggestions and results?

to

How could you begin/end your piece of writing?

180 words,

Fill in the conect word derived from the word in

Circle the correct response.

bold.

1
2

felt miserable and .............

with her new iob.

1 A: Better be going.
B: a This early?

SATISFIED

She

b,

The manager asked her

. , questions about her qualifications.

B:

to the job.
The

interior

RELEVANT

........... she

B:

DESIGN

4A

hired was full of bright ideas.

Ben's car was old

and

Already?

a
b

l'd rather not say.

I

can't say for certain.

There seems to be something wrong with the

back door.

RELIABLE

B:

so, he decided to buy a new one.

(5 marks)

a
b

No, l'm not.

When will you have my TV set ready?

To his disappointment, Tim realised

that his language skills were

Sorry, no.

Come on, Bob. Time for bed.

VARY

a
b

Sure. What's wrongT

Really?

What is it?

5 A: I don't know what to do about Sam.

B: a You'd better talk to him.
b You might have a point.

Read the sentences. lf a sentence is correct, put a

tick (/). lf it has a word that should not be there,

(5 marks)

write this word on the line.

He could still remember back having

Reading

to walk to school.
They had to send each member a
personal copy of the report.
He couldn't avoid from hitting the tree
as the road was so narrow.
She expected for an immediate answer
from the company.
The boss wasted of so much monev

The amount of energy consumed by residential

buildings is

A 45 million tons.
B 27o/o more than that consumed by industry.
C mainly responsible for global warming.
D going to be reduced by 2010.

(5 marks)

Communication

People making the laws had previously focused on

Europe.
C industrv and transoort.
B residential buildings. D private houses.

Complete the dialogue.

A: Any 1) ............,....

......... how lcould

Blocking up draughts

make some extra money?

B:

Here's

what

2)

..... . l'd

find a part time job for the summer.

Hmm ... lhadn't 3) .................,.................... that.

A:
B: Look at this ad here. They're looking for

................
A: Oh, no! That's 5) .................
babysitter.

4)

energy in the home. For questions 1-7, choose the

correct answer A, B, C or D.

on advertisino.

You are going to read an article about conserving

ideal for you.

..... me.

(5 marks)

A
B

is easy.
is expensive.

C
D

requires planning.
is energy saving.

It is recommended that loft insulation

A
B

C
thick.
200-300mm thick. D
100mm

is

made of cellulose.

fireproof.

According to the writer, we should use light bulbs

which are

A
B

conventional.
efficient.

C standard.
D high energy.

Mek* Ym$tr
I-

t-l I Kr EtYl
s3
FI I I&

---

-I-

a,-,

L-l

Ed

Gseffinffi,r
Residential buildings are responsible for consuming
amount of energy consumed within

l--r of the total

Furope and are the biggest source of global warming in the

;orld. This is a fact that has, until

recently, been

-,."'erlooked by law-makers trying to reduce greenhouse gas

:missions, who have concentrated their efforts on industry

":rd transport. The EU has now issued a new directive

;hich intends to cut carbon dioxide

emissions from
:uildings by 45 million tons before 2010. This means that
:ach of us can now save the planet from the comfort of our
-'irn homes.

The first things we can do are simple and easy. We can

:lock up draughts, switch off unnecessary lights and make
sure taps are not left running. The next step requires more
alanning and some e4pense, but as well as saving energJ, we
qill also save on bills.
Many homes have loft insulation, but it is rarely enough.
\{ost insulation is 100mm thick, but to be truly effective the
recommended thickness is 200-300mm. Full insulation can
have a dramatic effect on energJ consumption. It can save
up to25 percent onyour heating bills. Avariety of materials
are availablg but one of the most environmentally friendly
is cellulose in the form of compressed rerycled newsprint
u'hich has been fireproofed.

We should use energy efficient light bulbs. These are

usually e4pensive to buy but consume less than half the
energy of standard bulbs. Also, these bulbs last much longer
than conventional light bulbs reducing the consumption of
resources.

Thermal solar panels are very efficient. They are capable

of providing all the hot water you need even in Britain's
climate. Photovoltaic panels can be fitted as solar roof tiles
or solar windows and are now capable of generating about

Which sort of panels can produce electricity?

A
B
C
D

solar panels
glass panels

photovoltaic panels
thermal solar panels

half of an average home's electricity needs.

large

consewatorywith lots of glass panels on the south side 35

of a building will tap light and warmth and reduce the
need for lighting.
We can install a 'grey'water recycling system. At
present water used to flush the toilets is of the same
drinkable quality that comes out of the taps. This is an 40
unnecessary waste of energy used in water
purification. A grey water recycling system cleans
water that has been used for washing and sends it
through the toilet system reducing the use of clean
drinking waten
45
New buildings can incorporate much more energy
saving features in their design. They can have a timber

structure, extensive insulation,

electronic
environmental controls, triple glazing, a non-polluting
heating system and a turf roof. However, it is how we 50

deal with our present homes that

will

determine

housing's contribution to global warming. It's down to

each and every one of us, so get insulating!

How can individuals reduce global warming?

A
B
C
D

By buying a new environmentally friendly house

By

designing new buildings with energy saving featu.e;

By insulating new buildings.

By making changes in our current homes

(14 morks

Llsle^
9

t:

'l

You will hear oaft of an interview about a

nerv kind of employment agreement called

'penonal hours contract'. For questions 1-10,

complete the sentences with one to three
viords.
A personal hours contract is a special

thatyou havewith

your employer.
The system offers the greatest possible degree

of

It all started when small companies thought of

the system in order to get

to work for them

They devised the new system as an

to more money.
Employees gladly swap high salaries in order to

havemore

overtheir

rouUne.
People who work at home can't cheat the
company because their

11

mismeasured.

What are the advantages of owning your home rather than

2
3

What do you miss most about your home when you're away?

renting one?

Anne says that the new system has created a

morerelaxed F
intrre
workplace.
Some people don't accept a personal hours
contract because they like to have a

mintheirjobs.
Others are not offered a personal hours contract
at all because they lack the

which they would

Discuss the following questions together.

People working from home have to be

disciplined, have clear targets and be skilled at

(10 marks)

Writing

You are working on a summer camp for visiting students.

12

It starts next week.

,:':i,N

#
#
#

need.

Where in your home do you feel most comfortable?

*E

The group leader has asked you to write a report about

interesting places the students can visit in the area during

their stay. You should include at least two places that are

not simply for tourists.

Write your report in 120-180 words.
(21 marks)

10

(Total = 100 marks)

Progress Update
(10 marks)

How do you rate your progress? Tick

to you.
Excellent

Speaking

10

Work in pairs. Below are some

photographs of partsofahouse. Talk to
each other about the usefulness of each
one. Then choose two of them which, in
your opinion, are NOT absolutely
necessary for a modern home.

Vocabulary &

Grammar
Listen ing

5peaking
Reading

Writing
Communication

Good

(/) the box that

applies

OK Could do better