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MATHEMATHICS 2010
PROJECT WORK 4
STATISTICS
Today the use of statistics has broadened far beyond its origins.
Individuals and organizations use statistics to understand data and
make informed decisions throughout the natural and social sciences,
medicine, business, and other areas.
QUESTION
Answer:
FOODS :
DETERGENTS :
STATIONARY :
(b) Record the items and their prices systematically as in Table
1.Since items maybe differently packed,be sure to use consistent
measurements for each item selected so that comparison can be
done easily and accurately.
Answer:
PRICE(RM)
CATEGORY ITEM KOOP KOOP KIOSK
SARJANA IUI PUM
FOOD 1.SELF-RAISING FLOUR
4.00 3.70 3.60
(1000 g)
2.SUGAR (1000g) 2.00 1.90 1.80
3.BUTTER (250g) 4.70 4.50 4.30
4.EGGS (GRADE A) 1
5.90 5.50 5.00
DOZEN
TOTAL PRICE 16.60 15.60 14.70
DETERGENT 1.SOAP (3 BARS) 3.20 3.00 2.80
2.LIQUID DISHWASHER
4.29 3.90 3.20
(1000ml)
3.CLOTHES DETERGENT
18.90 17.00 16.50
(3KG)
4.TOILET CLEANER
5.50 5.50 5.50
(500ml)
TOTAL PRICE 31.89 29.40 28.00
STATIONERY 1.SHARPENER 1.50 1.30 1.00
2.PENCIL (2B) 1 DOZEN 5.00 4.80 4.50
3.PEN 1.30 1.20 1.00
4.ERASER 1.30 1.20 1.10
TOTAL PRICE 9.10 8.50 7.60
GRAND TOTAL 57.59 53.50 50.30
(c) Create at least two suitable graphical representations (the
use of ICT is encouraged) to compare and contrast the price of
the items chosen.
Answer:
1)FOODS
KOOP SARJANA
6
SELF-RAISING FLOUR
5 (1000 g)
SUGAR (1000g)
4
3 BUTTER (250g)
2
EGGS (GRADE A) 1 DOZEN
1
KOOP IUI
6
SELF-RAISING FLOUR
5 (1000 g)
SUGAR (1000g)
4
3 BUTTER (250g)
2
EGGS (GRADE A) 1 DOZEN
1
KIOSK PUM
5
SELF-RAISING FLOUR
(1000 g)
4
SUGAR (1000g)
3
BUTTER (250g)
2
EGGS (GRADE A) 1 DOZEN
1
0
2)DETERGENT
KOOP SARJANA
20
SOAP (3 BARS)
15 LIQUID DISHWASHER
(1000ml)
10 CLOTHES DETERGENT
(3KG)
TOILET CLEANER (500ml)
5
KOOP IUI
18
SOAP (3 BARS)
16
14
LIQUID DISHWASHER
12 (1000ml)
10
CLOTHES DETERGENT
8 (3KG)
6
TOILET CLEANER (500ml)
4
2
0
KIOSK PUM
18
SOAP (3 BARS)
16
14
LIQUID DISHWASHER
12 (1000ml)
10
CLOTHES DETERGENT
8 (3KG)
6
TOILET CLEANER (500ml)
4
2
0
3)STATIONERY
KOOP SARJANA
4 SHARPENER
PENCIL (2B) 1 DOZEN
3
PEN
2 ERASER
KOOP IUI
4 SHARPENER
PENCIL (2B) 1 DOZEN
3
PEN
2 ERASER
KIOSK PUM
4.5
4
3.5 SHARPENER
3 PENCIL (2B) 1 DOZEN
2.5
PEN
2
ERASER
1.5
1
0.5
0
(d) Based on the graphical representation that you have
constructed in Part 1(c), interpret,discuss and draw
conclusions.Comments on your findings.
Answer:
58
56
54 KOOP SARJANA
52 KOOP IUI
KIOSK PUM
50
48
46
GRAND TOTAL
Graph 1(d)
(e) Identify an item that has a large price difference among the
shops. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of that
particular item. Hence, suggest and discuss possible reasons for
the price difference.
Answer:
Liquid Dishwasher
Mean = 18.9+17+16.5
3
= 17.47
Standard Deviation
= (x)/N (x)
= 18.9+17+16.5
3
= 0.97
Every year SMK Indah organises a carnival to raise funds for the
school. This year the school plans to install air conditioners in the
school library. Last year, during the carnival, your class made and
sold butter cakes. Because of the popularity of the butter
cakes,your class has decided to carry out the same project for
this years carnival.
QUESTION
Answer:
(b) Complete Table 2 with the prices of the items found in the
Shop/supermarket that you have chosen
Answer:
Table 2
(i) Calculate the price index for each of the ingredients in Table
2 for the year 2010 based on the year 2009
Answer :
1.Self-Raising Flour
I = 0.9
0.9 x 100 = 100
2.Sugar
I = 0.36
0.35 x 100 = 102.86
3.Butter
I = 4.3
3.3 x 100 = 130.30
4.Eggs (Grade A)
2.1
I = 1.25 x 100 = 168
(ii) Calculate the composite index for making a butter cake in
the year 2010 based on the year 2009.Discuss how you
obtained your answers.
Answer:
200 1
Sugar 1000 = 5
250 1
Butter 1000 = 4
330 3
Eggs (Grade A) 1000 = 10
Composite Index
1 1 1 3
= 4 (100)+ 5 (102.86)+ 4 (130.30)+ 10(168)
1
= 128.54
(iii) In the year 2009,the butter cake was sold at RM15.00
each.Suggest a suitable selling price for the butter cake in
the year 2010.Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:
On 2009,RM 15.00
On 2010, price = x 100 = 128.54%
15
x 100 = 128.54 x 15
= 1928.1
100
= 19.30
Thus,the suitable price for the butter cake for the year 2010
is RM19.30.The increase in price is also suitable because of
the rise in the price of the ingredients.
(c)
(i) Find out from reliable source how to determine
suitable
Capacity of air conditioner to be installed based on
the
volume/size of a room.
Answer:
Answer:
Height = 3.6m
Width = 9.17m
Length = 20.12m
Answer:
700
Number of cakes =
11.64
to buy 1 unit of = 60.13
air conditioner = 60 cakes
PART 3
As a committee member for the carnival, you are required to prepare
an estimated budget to organize this years carnival. The committee
has to take into the consideration the increase in expenditure from
the previous year due to inflation. The price of food, transportation
and tents has increased by 15%. The cost of games, prizes and
decorations remains the same, whereas the cost of miscellaneous
items has increase by 30%.
QUESTION
Answer:
Table 3
(b) Calculate the composite index for the estimated budget of the
carnival in the year 2010 based on the year 2009. Comment on
your answer.
Answer:
Composite Index
I =
4465
= 40
= 111.625
Answer:
I2011
2009
X 100 = I
2010
2009
X I
2011
2009
I2011
2009
= 111.625 X111.625 X
1
100
I2011
2009
= 124.60
FURTHER EXPLORATION
The Air Quality Index (AQI) (also known as the Air Pollution
Index (API) or Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) is a number used by
government agencies to characterize the quality of the air at a given
location. As the AQI increases, an increasingly large percentage of
the population is likely to experience increasingly severe adverse
health effects. To compute the AQI requires an air pollutant
concentration from a monitor or model. The function used to convert
from air pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant, and is
different in different countries. Air quality index values are divided
into ranges, and each range is assigned a descriptor and a color code.
Standardized public health advisories are associated with each AQI
range. An agency might also encourage members of the public to take
public transportation or work from home when AQI levels are high.
South Korea
The Ministry of Environment of South Korea uses the Comprehensice
Air-quality Index (CAI) to describe the ambient air quality based on
health risk of air pollution. The index aims to help the public easily
understand air quality level and protect the health of people from air
pollution. - The CAI has values of 0 through 500, which are divided into six
categories. The higher the CAI value, the greater the level of
air pollution. - Of values of the five air pollutants, the highest is the CAI
value.
Malaysia
The air quality in Malaysia is reported as the API or Air Pollution
Index. Four of the index's pollutant components (i.e., carbon
monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) are reported
in PM10 particulate matter is reported in g/m.
Unlike the American AQI, the index number can exceed 500. Above
500, a state of emergency is declared in the reporting area. Usually,
this means that non-essential government services are suspended, and
all ports in the affected area closed. There may also be a prohibition
on private sector commercial and industrial activities in the reporting
area excluding the food sector.
STOCK MARKET INDEX
A comparison of tree major U.S. stock indices: the NASDAQ
Composite, Dow Jones Industrial Average, andS&P 500. All three
have the same height at March 2007. Notice the large dot com spike
on the NASDAQ, a result of the large number of tech. companies on
that index.
The concept may be extended well beyond an exchange. The Dow Jones
Total Stock Market Index, as its name implies, represents the stocks of
nearly every publicly traded company in the United States, including all
U.S. stocks traded on the New York Stock Exchange (but not ADRs) and
most traded on the NASDAQ and American Stock Exchange. Russell
Investment Group added to the family of indices by launching the Russell
Global Index.
More specialised indices exist tracking the performance of specific sectors of
the market. The Morgan Stanley Biotech Index, for example, consists of 36
American firms in the biotechnology industry. Other indices may track
companies of a certain size, a certain type of management, or even more
specialized criteria one index published by Linux Weekly News tracks stocks
of companies that sell products and services based on the Linux operating
environment.
Index versions
Some indices, such as the S&P 500, have multiple versions. [1] These versions
can differ based on how the index components are weighted and on how
dividends are accounted for. For example, there are three versions of the S&P
500 index: price return, which only considers the price of the components,
total return, which accounts for dividend reinvestment, and net total return,
which accounts for dividend reinvestment after the deduction of a
withholding tax. As another example, the Wilshire 4500 and Wilshire 5000
indices have five versions each: full capitalization total return, full
capitalization price, float-adjusted total return, float-adjusted price, and equal
weight. The difference between the full capitalization, float-adjusted, and
equal weight versions is in how index components are weighted.
USES AND IMPORTANCE OF AIR POLLUTION
INDEX AND STOCK MARKET INDEX
As for the stock market index, it is mainly for the business entrepreneurs.
This type of index is used to determine the outcome of a stock market and
also the conclusion of a stock market. The stock market index is important
because a countrys economical state sometimes depend on it.
CONCLUSION
After doing research,answering questions,drawing graphs and some problem
solving, I saw that the usage of statistics is important in daily life.It is not just
widely used in markets but also in interpreting the condition of the
surrounding like the air or the water.Especially in conducting an air-pollution
survey.In conclusion,statistics is a daily life nessecities.Without it,surveys cant
be conducted,the stock market cant be interpret and many more.So,we
should be thankful of the people who contribute in the idea of statistics.
REFLECTION
Adter spending countless hours,days and night to finish this project and also
sacrificing my time video games and mangas in this mid year holiday,there
are several things that I can say...
Additional Mathematics...
From the day I born...
From the day I was able to holding pencil...
From the day I start learning...
And...
From the day I heard your name...
I always thought that you will be my greatest obstacle and rival in excelling
in my life...
But after countless of hours...
Countless of days...
Countless of nights...