Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(14-9)
Send a letter to ACI-318 addressing the concerns in using the ACI alternate design of slender wall
procedure and requesting ACI 318 to correct statements under Commentary R14.8.
Page 1 of 47
1.
Chukwuma Ekwueme
John Lawson,
Mehran Pourzanjani,
James S. Lai, Chair
Bob Lyon (ex-officio)
email:
email:
email:
email:
email:
ekwueme@hart.wai.com
john@kramerandlawson.com
Mehran@sbise.com
jslai@sbcglobal.net
rlyons@bjase.com
Background:
The original code development on alternate slender wall design was introduced into the 1987 UBC
Supplement through efforts of SEAOC Building Code Committee. The provision was based on findings of
Joint SCCACI- SEAOSC Task Committee on Slender Walls pursuant to full scale tests conducted in the
early 1980s on twelve 4 feet wide by 24 feet high concrete wall panels of varying height to thickness ratios
ranging from 30 to 60. [Refer to Test Report on Slender Walls, aka Green Book]. The design
procedure is predicated on control of out-of-plane deflection for serviceability under code prescribed forces
in addition to required moment strength.
2.
Issue:
In 1997 UBC Section 1914.8, the cracked moment is based on fr = 5 f c.; and in ACI 318-02 Section
14.8, the cracked moment is based on fr = 7.5 f c. In the 97UBC, a linear interpolation between cr and n
is permitted in obtaining s, the deflection at service load, in order to simplify the slender wall panel design
for Ms > 5 f c Ig/yt. The conceptual moment-deflection curve shown in the figure below demonstrates the
intent of the UBC provision. At the ordinate of Ms > 2/3 Mcr, using the straight line linear interpolation
between cr and n, UBC procedure gives a higher s, deflection under service load, than the corresponding
value based on ACI 318 procedure. When the lower bound is raised from fr = 5 f c to fr = 7.5 f c, the
design of slender wall panels based on ACI procedure may significantly under-estimate service load
deflection.
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Page 2 of 47
3.
Mission Statement
Recognizing there have been questions on the differences between the two design approaches, the
SEAOSC Board authorized a Task Group to provide a comprehensive review of the two design procedures.
In June, 2005, the Committee set forth to accomplish the following missions:
Document review
Review background of UBC provisions
Review background of ACI provisions
Perform sample calculations on an array of lateral force and axial load combinations
Provide summary of findings
Other design considerations
Recommendations to SEAOSC Board
Proposal for possible code change, if necessary
4.
Document Review
Documents reviewed are listed in the reference section. The Green Book, Test Report on Slender Walls
by SCCACI-SEAOSC Task Committee on Slender Walls, 1982 edition, was used as the primary data
resource. Records of the 1980 test and data file were retrieved from archive. An abbreviated summary of
the 1980 test panel properties and test data are given in Tables 6.1 to 6.8. Current draft of Design Guide for
Tilt-up Concrete Structures, ACI Committee 551 was used as the source information on the development of
the ACI design procedure.
5.
Code Comparison
Table 1 gives section by section comparison between the alternate slender wall design procedure based on
97 UBC and that based on ACI 318-02. The ACI procedure was adopted by IBC 2000 and subsequent
code editions. As quoted in ACI 318R-02 Commentary Section R14.8, Section 14.8 is based on the
corresponding requirements in the UBC and experimental research of the Test Report by SCCACI
SEAOSC. The ACI Commentary further alleged that the procedure, as prescribed in UBC, has been
converted from working stress to factored load design. This could also imply that the ACI procedure as
written is a direct conversion of UBC procedure. In order to clarify and clearly understand the two
procedures, several examples were used within a range of wall panel thickness, reinforcement ratio, axial
load and lateral forces. Results of the analytical comparison are discussed in Section 9 of this Report.
6.
Page 3 of 47
wall of reasonable straightness after a service level loading. Required moment strength under UBC
procedure is based on strength design. The slender wall provision was adopted and first included in 1987
UBC Supplement. During the ICBO code development hearing, the deflection limit of lc/100, which was
recommended by the 1980 Task Committee, was changed to lc/150. While other minor changes were made
in subsequent code development cycles on distribution of concentrated load, the alternate design procedure
was not affected.
7.
Where
M (test)
lc
w
P1
P2
e
Results are shown in Figures 1.1 to 1.12. The upper curve shows load-deflection of the test panel, while
the lower curve shows the moment-deflection relationship. On these plots, a factor equal to one (1) was
used. The ordinates for 2/3 Mcr (cracked moment) and Mn (nominal moment strength) are shown. Lateral
deflection increases rapidly when the moment exceeds 2/3 Mcr. A straight line joining 2/3 Mcr (at 5 f c) and
Mn represents the permissible provision under UBC. The calculated moment-deflection for each test panel
correlates closely with the empirical test data. The deflection limit lc/150 is also shown on the plots.
An interaction envelop may be drawn for a range of axial load. The P-M values are calculated for a range
of tensile strain up to 0.0020 based on the measured depths to reinforcement bars in each panel. Plots for
the axial loads versus moment are shown in Figures 2.1 to 2.12. Nominal moment strength at an average
load factor 1.5 times the axial load is shown for reference only. Except for wall panels 22 and 27, the
calculated nominal moment strength is within the P-M envelop. These plots further validate the UBC
design procedure.
An overlay of calculated moment-deflection based on ACI design procedure was studied. The plots for test
panels 22 and 25 are shown in Figure 3.1; and for test panels 19 and 28 are shown in Figure 3.2. Below Mcr
(at 7.5 f c), a straight line is drawn from zero to cr for moment within the uncracked segment. The
ordinate for Mu and u are calculated based on ACI equations (14-5) and (14-6) for a range of lateral forces
up to 50 lbs. per square foot and load combination based on ACI Appendix Equation (C-2.) In order to
simulate an idealized bilinear relationship, a horizontal line is drawn from cr to intersect with the
calculated value of u. It is important to note that the test results did not support the ACI 7.5 f c for
modulus of rupture in any of the test panels. Also, the ACI procedure does not appear to correlate with the
1980 test results.
8.
Page 4 of 47
introduced code change CD-121 in 1998. This code change was made in an effort to eliminate differences
between ACI and UBC and in time for the adoption in the IBC 2000. For computing service load deflection
the ACI procedure employs effective moment of inertia and a magnified moment for the combined moment
due to lateral force and eccentric vertical load, also know as the P- effect. Because the effective moment
of inertia and magnified moment are dependent upon each other, some iteration is necessary.
The ACI procedure includes an additional restriction for walls based on the alternate design to be simply
supported with constant cross section over height of panel, and revision of the axial stress limits from
service load stress 0.04 f c to factor load stress 0.06 f c. The latter is the same as applying a load
factor of 1.5 to service load. Within the normal range of load combinations for walls controlled by flexural
tension as currently required by ACI 318-05, the axial load stress will never approach this stress limit.
In developing the equation for the bending stiffness max = Mmax/ Kb where Kb= 9.6 EcIe/lc2, Committee 551
drew on the similarity of the Euler critical buckling load of Pcr = 2 EcIe/lc2 = 9.87 EcIe/lc2. ACI adopted the
same equation as UBC for calculation of Icr based on a rectangular stress block. However, the Branson
equation for Ie is used for the calculation of service load deflection.
As an alternative to the second order analysis procedure, ACI Commentary R10.10 and R10.11 explain that
the provisions under sections 10.11 and 10.12 present an approximate design method to account for the
slenderness effect of slender columns based on a moment magnifier. One item lingers on is the 0.75
stiffness reduction factor in the denominators in ACI Equations (14 -5) and (14 -6) and its appropriateness
for slender wall panels. The key question appears the lack of correlation to empirical data. In order to
satisfy an idealized load deflection curve, an equation to express the portion of curve between cr and u
under the ACI procedure would be prudent.
9.
Analytical Comparison
Upon reviewing example A from draft document of ACI Committee 551, [Tilt-up Design Guide Examples
Draft No. 4], this Task Group formulated wall panels of similar geometry for comparative analyses using
the UBC and ACI design procedures. Wall thicknesses of 6.25 and 7.25 inches were used for 29.5 feet high
panels; and thicknesses of 5.75 and 6.25 were used for 24 feet high panels. Basic axial loads of 480 lbs. per
foot dead load plus 500 lbs. per foot live load were applied with 3 inches eccentricity. The axial loads were
increased to two times and three times the basic loads in order to explore high axial load parameters.
Lateral forces of 20, 25, 30 and 35 lbs. per square foot were used in combination with each axial load
condition. The reinforcement ratios generally varied between 0.0126 and 0.0162 which were within the
maximum steel ratio of 0.0171 at 0.6b. Loading increment for both lateral force and axial loadings were
used in order to obtain the data points for moment-deflection curves.
In order to compare the two procedures similar load factors were used from the UBC and from ACI 318
Appendix C. Results of the comparative study are given on Tables 4.1 to 4.4 for single curtain
reinforcement. Graphic representation of moment-deflection based on the range of calculations for seven
wall panels are shown in Figures 4.1 to 4.4. A summary of the analytical comparative design is given on
Table 5.
ACI 318 defines Mcr at a modulus of rupture of 7.5f c. For the purpose of this Report, the cracked
moment as used in UBC procedure at 5f c will be labeled as 2/3 Mcr. The load deflection characteristic for
the UBC procedure is represented by a straight line from zero to 2/3 Mcr for the uncracked stage and
another straight line from 2/3 Mcr to Mn for the cracked stage. For any given wall panel with reinforcement
approaching the upper limit and with increase lateral force and/ or axial load, ACI procedure significantly
under-estimates the service load deflection in comparison to the UBC procedure. In fact, in most cases, the
service load deflection is less than cr.
For two curtains of reinforcement, the Task Group used a 29.5 feet high by 20 feet wide wall panel with a
10 feet wide by 15 feet off center opening. Effective pier width of 4 feet and 6 feet, with thickness of 6.25
Page 5 of 47
inches and 7.25 inches and steel ratios ranging from 0.001 to 0.017, were used in the analytical comparison.
This is similar to Example B under work in progress by Committee 551. Lateral forces of 17, 25 and 35 lbs.
per square foot were used to provide a range of moments and deflections in this study. Results of the
comparative study for double curtain reinforcement are given on Table 4.5. Contrary to the single curtain
described above, the results for service load deflections are much closer between the UBC and ACI
procedures. Nonetheless, the ACI procedure predicts service load deflection lower than UBC procedure.
A summary of all comparative design examples is given on Table 5. The table includes footnotes for
Mu/ <Mn; Mu/ > Mn; s cr ; cr s lc/150 and s lc/150. Of 28 comparative examples for single
curtain reinforcement and 12 comparative examples for double curtain reinforcement, the ACI procedure
shows 20 cases s cr and only one case s lc/150. Similarly, the UBC procedure shows 2 cases s cr
and 19 cases s lc/150. The significance of this comparative study demonstrates that ACI procedure tends
to under-predict serviceability.
10. Findings
Based on an array of analytical studies and comparison of code provisions, our findings are as follows:
1. Verification of the Green Book (1980 Slender Wall Task Committee Report) data using adjusted
lateral force and deflection data was performed. The analytical result follows closely with the bilinear
load deflection characteristic. Lateral deflection increases rapidly when the moment exceeds 2/3 of Mcr
(as defined by ACI).
2. ACI needs to improve its methodology so that computed results would follow a bilinear load deflection
characteristic observed during full scale testing. There are concerns from other sources researching
appropriateness of Ie in the traditional Branson Equation for wall panel out-of-plane deflection
calculation.
3. Both design procedures are applicable to walls controlled by flexural tension. The ACI code now
defines tension control based on tensile strain, t 0.0050.
4. For wall panels with low percentage of reinforcement, panel design based on ACI procedure is
normally controlled by strength with deflection less than cr. UBC procedure is more sensitive to outof-plane deflection with increase in lateral force and/ or axial load.
5. For wall panels with reinforcement ratio approaching the upper limit, panel design based on ACI
procedure significantly under-estimates service load deflection in comparison to the UBC procedure
and empirical results with increase lateral force and/ or axial load.
6. Where wall panel design is based on ACI procedure meeting strength and deflection limits, the
corresponding wall panel calculation based on UBC procedure may exceed lc/150 deflection limit.
7. Designs using two curtains of reinforcement show closer correlation between the two procedures.
8. Control of maximum steel ratio based on tensile strain under ACI 318-05 procedure is appropriate.
9. The requirement for minimum reinforcement of Mn Mcr / is appropriate.
10. factor of 0.90 based on ACI 318-05 Section R9.3.2.2 is appropriate.
11. Load factors and load combinations should be based on generally accepted load factors from model
code (ASCE 7-05.)
Page 6 of 47
12. Change of Pa/Ag < 0.04f c to Pu/Ag < 0.06f c for maximum stress at mid-height does not impact design
by either procedure since the normal range of axial load for slender wall does not approach the limit. In
order to comply with tension controlled requirement, the normal range of axial loading will be
substantially below the prescribed maximum stress level.
13. Approach for cracked moment of inertia (Icr) is the same for both Codes.
14. Serviceability requirement of s < lc/150 (or 0.007 lc) based on service load is the same for both Codes.
The limit was apparently set by Building Officials. However, it does not appear the ACI procedure
would exceed cr within the range of most loading and load combinations.
15. Seismic force prescribed on the strength basis will need to be divided by a load factor of 1.4 for
equivalent service load calculations. Further code development for strength design force level should
review the appropriate load factor for conversion to service load in serviceability check in addition to
the appropriate inclusion of dead, floor and roof live loads.
16. In the ACI equations (14-5) and (14-6) for u and Mu, the 0.75 stiffness reduction factor tends to
increase the required moment strength rapidly. The alternate slender wall design procedure includes
the P- effect; and it would appear further softening of the cracked moment of inertia is unnecessary.
17. In order to be consistent with ACI traditional modulus of rupture of fr = 7.5 f c and Mcr = fr S, the
corresponding cracked moment in 97UBC should be limited to 2/3 Mcr. For service load deflection, the
UBC procedure should be revised to: s = 0.67cr + (Ms 0.67Mcr) (n 0.67cr) (Mn- 0.67Mcr)
18. The following statements in ACI commentary R14.8 are found questionable and should be corrected:
Section 14.8 is based on the corresponding requirements in the Uniform Building Code (UBC) and
experimental research and
The procedure, as prescribed in the UBC, has been converted from working stress to factored load
design.
Effective Area of Steel Traditionally, Ase = As + P/fy. A unique problem in a double curtain wall
is that the axial load modeled at the center of the wall is being used to increase the steel near the
face of the wall, where its benefit is much greater than in reality. This tends to increase Icr and thus
help to reduce the calculated deflection and increase the nominal moment capacity. Further
clarification is needed for double curtain wall reinforcement.
Service level deflection the model codes in other countries and practice in some parts of the
United States are using deflection limitation of lc/100 as was recommended in the Green book.
While the original research showed no lateral instability for thin wall panels under combined light
axial load and large lateral forces, the enforcement agencies felt more comfortable with the more
restrictive deflection limit of lc/150 particularly in consideration of other brittle building materials.
This Report does not address the validity or usefulness of service level deflection limit, except as
an index in comparison of the design procedures. Parallel research is needed in service load
deflection in order to justify different deflection limits.
Page 7 of 47
End condition versus simply support ACI 318 puts emphasis under design limitations the
importance of design based on simply supported wall panels regardless of end fixity. While some
fixity may be realized either due to continuity of wall panels at the floor lines or fixity at a dock
height wall panels, the inclusion of such end fixity to reduce service load deflection may be an
academic exercise and should be based on further research.
Effectiveness of Branson equation there has been questions on the suitability of using the
Branson equation, ACI Equation (9-8) for the computation of effective moment of inertia. One
academia from Canada pointed out that the equation may not work well for concrete members
with an Ig/Icr ratio greater than about 4. Using Bransons method (Ie) to calculate service load
deflections in slender walls, particularly with single layer of reinforcement may significantly
underestimate service level deflection. An improve methodology to replace the Bransons equation
for slender wall deflection calculations is currently understudy and is not available at this time.
Roof live load under service load combination, model codes allows exclusion of roof live less
than 30 lbs. per sq. ft. when combination with wind or seismic forces. ACI 318 does not address
whether such exclusion is permitted under load combination.
Recommend to appropriate enforcement agencies that adoption of the 2003 IBC provisions on
alternate design of slender wall procedure should incorporate proposed changes to ACI 318-05
Section 14.8.4 listed under Section 13 below.
Send a letter to ACI-318 addressing the concerns in using the ACI alternate design of slender wall
procedure for service load deflection and requesting ACI 318 to correct the statements in
Commentary R14.8.
s = 0.67 cr + (Ms 0.67Mcr )( n 0.67 cr) (Mn- 0.67Mcr); for Ms > 0.67Mcr
(14-8)
(14-9)
Where
cr = 5(Mcr) l c2 (48 EcIg)
n = 5(Mn) l c2 (48 EcIcr)
Page 8 of 47
14. Acknowledgement
In preparing this report, the 2005 Slender Wall Task Group attempted to do a thorough search of available
reference sources. Each Task Group member has performed and contributed to this analytical research and
the summary report. The Task Group wishes to acknowledge several individuals who assisted in furnishing
material for our analytical research efforts. Luis Garcia who is current chairperson of ACI-318 D was
gracious to forward the original ACI code change CD121 and the analysis by Committee 551. Gerry Weiler
who was chairperson of ACI 551 when ACI 318 was converting the 97 UBC slender wall section to ACI
format furnished material showing the comparison of the earlier analysis as well as portions of the current
Tilt-up Design Guide. Professor Peter Bischoff of the University of New Brunswick, Canada, shared some
of his recent findings on the ACI deflection equations. Other individuals including Messer Neil Hawkins,
Robert Mast, Basile Rabbat and Charles Salmon have also kept this Task Group informed.
The Task Group is indebted to the vigorous efforts of members of the 1980 Joint Task Committee and
those volunteer workers who devoted two years of their professional lives on the test program and report
assignments. We hope this Report serves as a closure to the earlier research efforts that continue to serve
the design profession and construction industry in future years. To the memories of those Joint Task
Committee members who have since deceased including Ralph Mclean, William Simpson and Ulrich Foth,
we dedicate this summary report.
15. References
1. ACI Committee 551, Tilt-Up Construction Guide- ACI 551.1R-05, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, 2005.
2. ACI Committee 551, Tilt-Up Design Guide Examples Draft No. 4, American Concrete Institute,
Farmington Hills, MI, April, 2005.
3. ACI Committee 318-02, Building Code Requirements for Structural concrete and Commentary,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington, MI, 2002.
4. ACI Committee 318-05, Building Code Requirements for Structural concrete and Commentary,
American Concrete Institute, Farmington, MI, 2005.
5. SCCACI-SEAOSC Task Committee on Slender Walls, Test Report on Slender Walls, Los Angeles,
CA, 1982
6. Uniform Building Code, Volume 2, Structural Engineering Provisions, International Conference of
Building Officials, Whittier, CA 1997.
Page 9 of 47
16. Appendix
Page
Table 1
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Figure 1.4
Figure 1.5
Figure 1.6
Figure 1.7
Figure 1.8
Figure 1.9
Figure 1.10
Figure 1.11
Figure 1.12
Figure 2.1
Figure 2.2
Figure 2.3
Figure 2.4
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Figure 2.7
Figure 2.8
Figure 2.9
Figure 2.10
Figure 2.11
Figure 2.12
Figure 3.1
Figure 3.2
Figure 4.1
Figure 4.2
Figure 4.3
Figure 4.4
Table 4.1
Table 4.2
Table 4.3
Table 4.4
Table 4.5
Table 5
Table 6.1
Table 6.2
Table 6.3
Table 6.4
Table 6.5
Table 6.6
Table 6.7
Table 6.8
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
24
24
25
25
25
26
26
26
27
27
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Page 10 of 47
SEAOSC
Slender Wall Task Group
Appendix
Table 1 Comparison of Slender Wall Design Procedures UBC vs. ACI
Section
Reference
1914.8
ACI 14.8
1914.8.1
1910.10
ACI 14.8.1
ACI 10.10
1914.8.2
ACI 14.8.1
ACI 14.8.2
1914.8.2
ACI14.8.2.6
1914.8.2
ACI14.8.2.3
1914.8.2
ACI14.8.2.4
1914.8.2
ACI
14.8.2.5
1909.2.2
1612.2.1
ACI 9.2.1
Or ACI
Appendix
C.2
1909.3.2.2
ACI
R9.3.2.2
1014.8.3
ACI 14.8.3
1914.8.3
ACI 14.8.3
1914.0
ACI 9.5.2.3
1914.8.4
14.0
ACI 14.8.4
1914.8.4
14.8.3
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.3
14.8.4
ACI 9.5.2.3
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.3
ACI 14.8.3
1914.8.4
1914.8.4
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.4
1914.8.4
ACI 14.8.4
Topic
1997 UBC
ACI 318-02
Title
Applicable in lieu of
consideration for
slenderness effects as a
compression member
Limitations
1.4D + 1.7L
0.75 (1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)
0.9D + 1.3W
1.2D + 1.0E + (f1L + f2S)
0.9D + 1.0E
- factor
Mu < Mn
Required factored
moment
Cracking moment for
normal weight concrete
Service Load moment
Mu = Mua + Pu u
OR
Mu = Mua [1 5Pulc2 (0.75)48EcIcr]
Mcr = 5 f c Ig / yt
Mcr = 7.5f c Ig / yt
Msa = wlc2x1.5+P1 e/2
M = Msa + (P1 + P2) s
= Msa [1-5Ps lc2 /48 EcIe]
NA
NA
n = 5 Mn lc2 48EcIcr
NA
s = lc / 150
s = lc / 150
Page 11 of 47
Appendix
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Page 12 of 47
Appendix
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Page 13 of 47
Appendix
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Page 14 of 47
Appendix
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Page 15 of 47
Appendix
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Page 16 of 47
Appendix
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Figure 1.6 Load-Deflection and Moment-Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 24
Page 17 of 47
Appendix
...
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Figure 1.7 Load-Deflection and Moment-Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 25
Page 18 of 47
Appendix
.
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Figure 1.8 Load-Deflection and Moment-Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 26
Page 19 of 47
Appendix
eo
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Figure 1.9 Load-Deflection and Moment-Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 27
Page 20 of 47
Appendix
""
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Page 21 of 47
Appendix
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Figure 1.11 Load-Deflection and Moment-Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 29
Page 22 of 47
Appendix
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Figure 1.12 Load-Deflection and Moment-Deflection Plots for Test Panel No. 30
Page 23 of 47
Appendix
SEAOOCS'leJ!llierWaJ! Tm.Gro:ap
De>o'<! Dp irnItern.ction C1J!['\'e
\VaHlNo.
19
67..5
ksi
f'o :=
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15
ksi
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9.
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~
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36 kip
P/J\= 0.016 ksi
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lap
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iin
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),
Page 24 of 47
Appendix
SE.~OSC-
fila
:=
E,=
A" =
!J.=
lw=
p=
PI1\ =
Mo(a.<~
ksi
ksi
211,
ksi
35
ksi
0.196 sqill.
.40
iwl
48.0
iwl
5..9'7
kip
0.017
ksi
M
209211
21
246
283
P
0
1
1
50
SleltderW Ta.3l.Grolllp
!}eT;'~op imteracti.all cm:v!!
\\1 [No. 12
P
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2
25
50
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UP
0
0
39
462
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6ll
159
2115
733
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7.8
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87.5 0,0020
kip-ft
S.
~:tm~! 1"
S,
Bi!r
Wa No.
ilrtencti.all a~\'!!
B
'1:1 :=
67.5
..0
E,= 211,600
E,,= 35
,!;,,= 0.196
h=
34
48.0
lw=
p=
5.97
PI 1\ =
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sqiu..
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50
J.tip
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141
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5
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P
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fila =
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ksi
E,,= 35
.,!;,,= O.L
sqiu.
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.38
iwl
48
m.
lw=
P=
1l.12 kip,
ksi
P/~= 0.023
235 kEpiim
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1
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10
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600
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195
19.8
106..
023
0.0153
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kip-in
S.
.d==--1"
Bi!r
1
S,
Page 25 of 47
Appendix
SEAOOCSl.el!Ilil!r Wall 'Fm Goomp
])e1;.e op iJirtemctio:!l cmn
WalNo. 25
67.3- ksi
f'o :=
.0 ksi
B, ,= 2S,6OO ksi
Ee ,= 15
ksi
."t,,= 0.196 sqiu.
h=
(5'.13
in
!w ,=
..0
in
P ,=
.32 kip
Pf1\= 0.025 ksi
207 ~pin
MO(""'~
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P
klip
2.5
.1'.'1,.
1.5P
0
-rn
Bl!I
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0.0170
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20
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1
1
2
10
HIS
190
19'2
19'5
221
2'5
50
39
113
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81
254
114
kfpin
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0.0120
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0,0050
0.0023
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Pf~=
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32
O.
P
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1
2
.50
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10
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116
226
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kip
ksi
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IS
IS5
IS
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51S
5 5
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0,0050
'7
64.5
68.3
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820
kfpilil
]'.5
]'.6
]'.9
]8.0
~,
k~-ft
P
J.:Jip
f'a :=
.0 ksi
E,= 2S,,600 ksi
1.5
ksi
."t,= 0.196 sqiu..
ilil
(5'.00
48.0
ilil
!w=
P=
5.08 kip,
0.018 ksi
PfA~ =
k[pilil
"l;.(""'~
P
0
1
1
2
.50
2.5
10
.50
11.5
1 1
225
'1
UP
0
0
kip-in
M
169
1 0
1 2
1 6
199
22S
312
4
490
69
'm3
kfpilil
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],9.40.8
~
~S
5&.6
:;.,
0.0233
0.0230
0.021:8
0.02.2:2
0.0191
0.01 1
0.010.5
0.00.53
0,00.'10
0.002.0
0,0019
k~-ft
Sc
~1
Bl!I
"'1
:il
Page 26 of 47
Appendix
SE,A08CSlP-I!:der W Task Gro~
!}el;~Dp Umteract:Wll CliIVe
Wa INo.
1.1
50
II
28
6,..5
k!ii
.0
ksi
E,=
k!ii
E,,=
./\,,=
sqiu..
!lip
25
ksi
!J.=
L..=
P=
iI!l
UP
.0
iI!l
.33
!dp
'P/~'=
0.019
ksi
M~""i!-"J=
--Y
'1l0
200
SI
0
0
1
2
12
128
129
132
0.0172
0_0170
0.0168
0.0165
10
1 9
0.01
1 1
0.0117
232
0.
81
288
O,OOSO
309'
25,.
.175
162
411
34.
":00
186
kip-iJI
438
kip-fu!;
.3. ElipiI!l
74
0.
O.OO:W
36.5 0. 15
kip-ft
So
"'1
:5 1
29
6.5
k!ii
:=
.0
ksi
E,=
E" ,=
./\,,=
!J. .=
L..=
P=
28,.600
k!ii
35
k!ii
.31
iI!l
kip,
'P/~=
.019
k!ii
fila
50
~""~
'P
0.0
0.0005
0.001
0.
0
0
1
2
139
140
1 1
1 3
U.5
]],6
U.
] .9
o.oun
.0109
10
163
] .6
0.0154
186
]5.5
0.0129
!lip
25
0.021
0.54
0.196 sqiu..
fu!;
.78
.0
Plf'A
1).]00
0.00&2
338
OJ)QSO
'2:8.
34.9 0.0031
40.0 0,0020
(U5
1:33
418
(U95
179
480
0..200
184
200
4110
lap-in
h~-1.
Bu
486
kipfuJ.
I,.,
39 ElipiI!l
0.01116
0.OU15
253
LSP
0
SI
O.Olall
40.5
0.0019
kip-ft
So
c
&,
A,.
50
Plf'A
'P
0
0
1
2
126
128
129
131
0.0170
0.0169
0.0167
0.0164
25
0.
0.0005
0.001
0.002
0.01.
0.0139
30
!lip
&,
65
k!ii
fila =
,,11
ksi
E,=
E" ,=
./\,,=
!J.=
L..=
P=
28,)6OCl
ksi
.0213
35'
k!ii
0.0531
230
0.0073
285
0,005
0.0042
0,0020
.I.~=
~""~
0.196 sqilL
..ll9
8.0
.38
10
0.011
iJlL
LSP
0.085
0.]0
309'
25..7
iI!l
kip,
0.170
40
ll.
0200
43
36. '
kip-ft
200
0.019 ksi
]39 EI:piI!l
kip-iJI
kipfuJ.
0.0014
So
h~-1.
Bu
&,
Page 27 of 47
Appendix
00
00
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M,
J y-
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. (1 4_
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eNO
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DHLCTIO:"i
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inch.,
00
f.o
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. (14_
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1,,11500
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,
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,
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Mo
m .,
m "
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P.o.!'; eNO
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'lID_HEIGHT
DHLCTIO:'i
inch.,
Figure 3.1 Comparison ACI and UBC Procedure for Test Panel Nos. 22 and 25
Page 28 of 47
Appendix
'00
> ~I,
~I ,
i'
M,....
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10
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./
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Figure 3.2 Comparison ACI and UBC Procedure for Test Panel Nos. 19 and 28
Page 29 of 47
Appendix
,..-.
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Page 31 of 47
Appendix
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Appendix
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Appendix
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Appendix
Table 4.2 Comparative Example Task 4 03.2 and Task 4 03.3
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"
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m
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19/16 19/16 19 6 19 6 19 6 16 6 16 6 16 6 16 ;, 6 16 ;; 6
1.8&
2.S&
2.&&
1.&&
2.&&
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l.ll
l.13
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Maximum 5,...1ROllO
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moon
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m
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no
no
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no
m
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k_m
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0.90
A.
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(-1'9
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.-h-~~g<
"
Page 35 of47
Appendix
Table 4.3 Comparative Example Task 4 03.4 and Task 4 03.5
SEAOSC
Sl<n<l<J WoU
SI<n.s..W.U To!ok
r.!ok Groop
Group
Co&. Comparison
Cnmporuon
co&.
o!ok 4~_1)]
-1l1
SummM)' of
ofCakut.l;OO
D ... _T
_ r.!ok
Colculo"on Do..
Summary
B.,.d OR AClllB_O!
Prod". ....
Bo,I
ACI ]18_0~ Pr<>",dn,,,,
M
La,.
..1 Fo",
FOf~
w
Lot.ral
Pan.1 H<igbl
P....1Hoig!>'
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P....1Thidn...
P .... IL<ngtb
P....1L<ngIb
Eccltrieity
Ecc""lri<ny
,,
,,
~.
~.,
S"",IRatio
S... IRono
Maximum S,...l
S1...1 RobO
Raho
Fac1<nd .0."'01
A ... I Load
Foct<"",d
A ''<IlIg<'
Y<flIg< A.ial
S". ...
Axiol Stt...
Hl'ti,,,,
E~1iY" S...I.o.,..
S"",I AI''''
MODlOtIf Slr<tIgtb
Slr<ngtb
10.10""""
0_90
- 0.90
R<qUUN Stt<11gtb
S1f""g1b
R<qwr'"
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Mow..."
Crachd
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M0ID<111
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,
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Lo.d o.nhon
$<n'ic.
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D.n""bon limi,
Limit
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,
~,
in
.n
"
~
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B. "d OR
USC 97
97 P
I'O<N1nr<
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OR UBC
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L
a,...1 F<lfC<
FOf~
v;
Lot.ral
w
Axial Lood
Lo. d ot
Of IWd_bo1g!>'
mid-I><Igitl
p.
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..
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Slr<ogtb
Mmn.nt
0_90
- 0.90
R<qwrN Stt<11gtb
S1f""g1b
R<qwr'"
Cnchd
Mow..."
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~i~ Lood
Lo.d M"""""
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s..n'i
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p. f
kip
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Limit
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4-OD 4-03.1
~-OD 4-01.1
~ -1)D
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3404
29 _~
29 _~
29 _ ~
29 _~
19
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29
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19.~
19.~
19.~
19.1
19.1
19.1
6.n
7.n
7.n
7.n
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72~
6.n
72~
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7.11
7.11
711
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" '00
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2 1 M6 ;W
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37.1
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.....
1.00
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N~6
24~6
N/i6 24~6
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14#6
lJl
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163
163
1.63
3.63
3.63
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III
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1.61
161
0
. 016~ 0
. 016~ 0.0162
0_0162 0.0161
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0_0 162 0.0161
0_0 162
0.016~
0.016~
0 .017 1 0.0\71
0 .017 1 0.0171
0 .017 1 0.0171
0_0171 0.0171
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0_0 171 0.0171
0_0 171 0.0171
0_0171
0.0\71
37 .1
37
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37.1
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H.4
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17.1
37.1
n.1
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HA
HA
HA
H.4
0_033 O.OB
0_033 O.OB
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0_04 ~
0_044 0.044 0.Q.l4
0.().I4 0Q.l4
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21 ~d 6 11
21>1
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11
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3_B
3_B
lJl
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1.B
1.11
00.016~
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0 . 016~ 0.016~
0 . 016~
9.9
9_89
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9_89
9.89
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n67
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1 ~67
1167
1071
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1167
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9.89
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1167
1~81
1181
1421
1423
111\1
1816
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964
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248
148
6_67
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418
11.5
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17.0<1
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0
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0.42
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1_36
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0_52
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2.36
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0_9 1
0.91
2.36
1.16
20
33
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0_010
0.030
2S
H.7
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0_010
0.010
lO
H.7
H.1
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0.010
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9.89
1~67
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2120
829
819
1653
165J
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lUI
2120
2110
1I
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1I
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11.55
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2120
2120
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1617
1611
2120
2110
1869
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1112
I III
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1228
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2_36
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0 .47
0.41
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0.21
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766
0 .47
0.41
0 .29
0.19
0 .47
0.41
0 .15
on
11 14
11.14
0 .4 7
OAl
OAI
12_ 88
12.88
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OAl
OA9
0.49
2.16
1.16
2.16
2.16
1.16
2.16
236
2.J6
2.36
2.16
lS
H.7
0_010
0.010
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5U
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0_019
0.019
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51.5
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0.039
0.OJ9
30
3S
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0.039
0.019
00.019
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9.89
I U~
lUI
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1110
1424
1~2 4
1250
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1I
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1I
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2120
1120
2120
1110
1708
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2120
1110
un
m
"00
1625
162~
9_89
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9_89
9.89
1 ~67
1~67
1 ~67
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1187
ll28
112S
1171
'M
'
m
'M'
'"
m
on
611
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129B
1198
16 11
1611
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14H
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9 .~ 0
9.~0
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m
'"
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'" ""
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I~ JO
14.10
0_37
0.37
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14.10
0.37
I~JO
14.10
0_37
0.37
14 .1 0
14.10
0.37
O.H
12.18
O.l!
O.ll
l! .1 8
12.18
0 .32
032
l!.18
11.l8
0 .32
0.32
12_18
12.18
0 .32
0.12
lAO
1_24
1.14
2_16
136
5_07
~.07
6.91
2.16
O.l!
O.ll
2.16
0 .91
0.91
2.16
2.06
236
321
J.11
2.36
2J6
''"
1_36
1.16
2_16
2.16
Page 36 of 47
Appendix
Table 4.4 Comparative Example Task 4 03.6
SEAOSC
Sl<n.s..- WaU r.>k Group
coo. ComparisoD
SummMY ofCokulat;on D... _r.>k 4"()1
8a"d on AC111S_01 Prod ...
M
L.,.ral FOf~
w
P....I H<iglll
P....I Thicln<..
P....IL<ngIb
Eccltricity
,,
~.
~.,
S"",IRatio
Maximum St...1Rabe
Fact<.-.d A..al Load
AY<rlIg< A.ial Str...
E~ti".
S"",I A....
M.tnIt Strlgtb
+ - 0.90
R<q",..ed Str<l1!th
Crocked Mom...t
S<r;i load Mom<nt
,
,
'.
'JA,
."
."
'C
29.~
U~
"
m
m
..
I L91
I_m
M,
~
29.~
29.~
7.2~
7.n
7n
79.7
0.061
U~
29.~
'.00
'.00
'.00
'.00
'00
24>1 6 24>1 6 2U6 N~6 24~6
3.61
3.61
3.61
3.63
3.63
0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0162 0.0162
0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171 0.0171
b,
b,
I_I.
I_m
..
0.061
79.7
0.061
79.7
0.061
79.7
0.061
11.91
11.93
ll.93
11.93
, ,,.,
'"
'" ,'" '" ...
'" ,,,
'"
'"
2176
24B
2176
2176
2176
2176
2019
2376
2732
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lB02
2120
241B
IH~
18.H
0.47
..
HI
0.47
ILl6
0.47
In6
0.47
0.16
0.31
0.37
V'~ m
2.36
2.36
2.36
W+ I_I.
I_I.
"",
u- 1.05D
1.0~D'1
+1.28 L + 1.3W
06r-
A..
Load Ca,. 1
.'
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0.47
"~
0.61
2.36
2.36
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b,
b,
70.6
70.6
70.6
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11.93
A.
11.91
11.93
ll.93
M.tn<.t Str<.gth
+ - 0.90
M.
I_I.
2176
2176
2176
2176
~Ii+ I_I.
I_I.
1797
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1917
,~
m
m
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R<q""ed Str<l1!th
Crocked Mom...t
S<r;ic. load Mom<nt
."
D<l1ectron Limit
,~
~
li1 !l. a m
12.28
'"
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12.2B
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0.32
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032
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1.94
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,~
V'~ m
2.36
2.36
2.36
2.36
Page 37 of 47
Appendix
Table 4.5 Comparative Example Task 4 04.0 and Task 4 04.1 for Double Curtain Reinforcement
"AOOC
S - . wan roo.ll: Gowp
Cod< Comp>n>ool
,.,
,,
,~
1.aoonI FCilco
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.....
P_Hosp.
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r......IOd As>.oll.oo4
A,-."'-' 5......
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Page 38 of 47
Appendix
Table 5 Summary of Comparative Examples
Sumowy ofFiOOiny _ TaoJ<
Ta!ok 4 _ OJ
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Page 39 of 47
Appendix
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Page 40 of 47
Appendix
Table 6.2 Summary of 1980 Test Panel Test Results
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Page 41 of 47
Appendix
Table 6.3 Summary of 1980 Test Panel Data (Panel Nos. 19 and 22)
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Page 42 of 47
Appendix
Table 6.4 Summary of 1980 Test Panel Data (Panel Nos. 20 and 23)
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Page 43 of 47
Appendix
Table 6.5 Summary of 1980 Test Panel Data (Panel Nos. 21 and 24)
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