User Subroutines in ABAQUS

Saeid Poorasadion
Ph.D. Candidate
Mechanical Engineering Department
Sharif University of Technology
Email: saied_poorasadion@mech.sharif.ir, saeid.poor@gmail.com
Winter 2015

Contents

Introduction
User Subroutines
UMAT
Writing UMAT
Examples
1D Elastic
Isotropic Hardening Plasticity
Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

VUMAT
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User Subroutines in ABAQUS

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Introduction

Introduction
Finite Element Software Packages
ANSYS
Which Software??
ABAQUS
LS-DYNA

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Introduction
Understanding the fundamental concepts of nonlinear
finite element analysis:
Selecting the best solution procedure and good
strategy for developing a reasonable model
Selecting appropriate element and BCs

Developing a new solution procedure

New constitutive model for material
New element
Textbook for Nonlinear FEM: Nonlinear finite elements for continua and
structures (Belytschko, et al.)
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Introduction
Finite Element Method

Initial Displacements

Implicit method

Calculate Strain

If change of one or more sections in

these solution is required, we should
write a new code in a programming
language!!?

Using Constitutive Model

< Tol

Calculate Stress
Calculate Internal
Force & Compare with
External Force
Using Constitutive Model

Solution
Complete

Modify
Displacements
(Newton method)

Calculate Tangent
Matrix

Calculate Tangent
Stiffness Matrix
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Introduction
Main Problem
Creating a software to simulate a specific
application:
Simulating shape memory alloys
Creating a new element (B- spline element)

Developing a finite element code in program languages

Limitation in BCs and geometry

Adding an appropriate code to Finite Element Software

Packages
User Subroutines
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User Subroutines

User Subroutines
ABAQUS/Standard 6.10: 51 subroutines
ABAQUS/Explicit 6.10: 20 subroutines
FORTRAN code (.for)
Some popular user subroutines in ABAQUS/Standard
DLOAD
VDLOAD
UMAT
VUMAT
UEL
VUEL
UHYPER

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User Subroutines
Where User Subroutines Fit into ABAQUS/Standard

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User Subroutines
Where User Subroutines Fit into ABAQUS/Standard

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User Subroutines
Where User Subroutines Fit into ABAQUS/Standard

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User Subroutines
Where User Subroutines Fit into ABAQUS/Standard

User Subroutines
& Scripting Interface??

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Programming
To include user subroutines in an analysis:
Through ABAQUS execution command
abaqus job=my_analysis user=my_subroutine

Through ABAQUS/CAE
Job Module > General Tab>Address to User Subroutine
file

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Programming
To include user subroutines in an analysis:
Through ABAQUS execution command
abaqus job=my_analysis user=my_subroutine

Through ABAQUS/CAE
Job Module > General Tab>Address to User Subroutine
file

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Programming
Compiling and Linking User Subroutines
A correct compile and link commands should be
used automatically
Microsoft Visual Studio
Intel Visual Fortran Compiler

IMPORTANT: Consistency among the above

software

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Programming
Subroutine Argument Lists
Variables to be defined
Variables that can be defined
Variables passed in for information

Naming Conventions
Subroutines or COMMON blocks should
begin with the letter K

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UMAT
User-defined Material

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UMAT
FEM
1.Initial Displacements For increment i

Pre-Processing
(Boundary Condition
Geometry, Mesh
External Nodal Force)

2.Calculate Internal Nodal Force for element

3.Calculate tangent Stiffness Matrix for element
1.Assembly Internal Nodal Force
Stress,
DS/De
2.Assembly tangent
Stiffness
Matrix
3.Apply Boundary Condition
4.Check Convergence if yes GOTO 1

Define B matrix

UMAT
Calculate Stress
Calculate Tangent Moduli

5.Modify Displacements GOTO 2

Define Internal Nodal Force

Define Tangent Stiffness Matrix
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User Subroutines in ABAQUS

Post-Processing
(Stress
Displacement
Internal Nodal Force)
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UMAT

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UMAT

Called at all material calculation points of

elements (Gauss points)

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UMAT
Allows you to implement general constitutive
equation
Define any constitutive model of arbitrary complexity
User-defined material models can be used with any
ABAQUS structural element type
Multiple user materials can be implemented in a
single UMAT routine and can be used together

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UMAT Interface

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UMAT Interface

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Storage of Stress and Strain Components

Stresses and strains are stored as vectors
For plane stress elements: _xx, _yy, _xy
For plane strain and axisymmetric elements: _xx,
_yy, _zz, _xy
The shear strain is stored as
engineering shear strain

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UMAT Variables
Variables to be defined
DDSDDE(NTENS,NTENS)
STRESS(NTENS)

1 J
C

true (Cauchy) stress.

STATEV(NSTATV)
SSE, SPD and SCD
Elastic strain energy, plastic dissipation, and creep
dissipation.
No effect on the solution and using for energy output

Only in a fully coupled thermal-stress analysis

RPL (Volumetric heat generation per unit time)
DDSDDT(NTENS), DRPLDE(NTENS), DRPLDT
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UMAT Variables
Variables that can be defined
PNEWDT
Ratio of suggested new time increment to the time
increment being used

Variables passed in for information

STRAN(NTENS), DSTRAN(NTENS)
The mechanical strains
In finite-strain problems, approximations to logarithmic
strain.

TIME, DTIME
TEMP, DTEMP
PREDEF, DPRED
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UMAT Variables
Variables passed in for information (continued)
CMNAME
NDI, NSHR, NTENS
Number of direct, shear, total stress components

NSTATV
PROPS(NPROPS), NPROPS
COORDS
DROT(3,3)
Rotation increment matrix

CELENT
Characteristic element length
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UMAT Variables
Variables passed in for information (continued)
DFGRD0(3,3), DFGRD1(3,3)
NOEL, NPT
Element, integration point numbers

LAYER, KSPT
Layer, section point numbers

KSTEP, KINC
Step, increment numbers

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Running UMAT

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Running UMAT

Variable:
PROPS

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Running UMAT

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Running UMAT

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Running UMAT

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Writing UMAT

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Writing UMAT
Write a code in MATLAB (Debugging in MATLAB
is fast and easy)
Check MATLAB code with benchmark problems
(for example uniaxial test)

Strain,
Information

MATLAB Code

Stress, DS/De

Transfer MATLAB code to FORTRAN code

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Transfer MATLAB Code

to FORTRAN Code

MATLAB
FORTRAN

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Debugging
When assigning a value to a double precision
variable, D-scientific notation should be used.
Output

Fortran Code

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Debugging
Which is correct?

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Debugging
Error: Problem during compilation

Go to file job_name.log in work directory (temp)

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Debugging
Divide by zero
5/0.d0
a/b when b is zero in first time (STRAN and DSTRAN
are zero in first time)

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Debugging
Write or print a parameter in Data File tab
write (6,*) 'tt , KINC,

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Example 1: 1D Elastic

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Small Strain, Large Rotation

Turn on Nlgeom in Steps
STRAN, DSTRAN and STRESS have been rotated to
account for rigid body motion in the increment
before UMAT
the basis system for the material point rotates with
the material
DROT: Rigid body rotation
Use this variable to rotate internal variable in
constitutive model.
Plastic strain
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Large Strain, Large Rotation

Turn on Nlgeom in Steps
STRESS is Cauchy stress and have been rotated to
account for rigid body motion in the increment
before UMAT.
Use DFGRD0 and DFGRD1
The deformation gradient is available for solid
(continuum) elements, membranes, and finitestrain shells. It is not available for beams or smallstrain shells
DROT: Rigid body rotation
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Large Strain, Large Rotation

The consistent Jacobian should be used to ensure
rapid convergence.
The exact consistent Jacobian C
W C W Ii

W I i

C
I i C
W
S
2
4
C
CC
CE
Fim Fjn Fkp FlqC mnpq

S2
CCE

C ijkl

K
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B T C BdV

User Subroutines in ABAQUS

c JC : D
1 J

T dV
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Examples

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Example 2: Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

Neo-Hookean Free energy relationship

2
1
1
U C 10
3
J 1

2
D1
J 3

The Cauchy and PK2 stress tensor

U I 1
U
U J

S 2
2

C
J C
I 1 C

I 1 1
2
2
2/3
1

C 10J
I

J
J

1
C

D
J
3

2
1
2

C 10 B tr B I
J 1 I

D1
J
3
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C 10
2
K
D1
2

I 1

ij

C
J
J C 1
C
B
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1
J

2/ 3

B
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Example 2: Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

The material Jacobian derives from the variation in
Kirchhoff stress
JC : D
The material Jacobian

CSE
C ijkl

2U
S
4
2
CC
C
SE
Fim Fjn Fkp FlqC mnpq

Relations 5.4.43 and

5.4.50 in Textbook

1
2
C ijkl C 10 ij B jl Bik jl il B jk Bil jk
2
J

2
2
2
2
ij Bkl Bij kl ij kl Bmm
2J 1 ij kl
3
3
9
D1
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Example 2: Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

Main Box

Define Array and

Constant

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Example 2: Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

Calculate Material
Parameter

Calculate J and
Distortion Tensor

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Example 2: Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

Calculate deviatoric left
Cauchy-Green
deformation tensor

B FFT
Calculate Cauchy
Stress

2
1

C 10 B tr B I

J
3
2

J 1 I
D1
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Example 2: Neo-Hookean Hyperelasticity

Calculate material
Jacobian

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Hyperelastic Materials
Derivation of consistent Jacobian is difficult
CSE
C ijkl

S.Poorasadion

2U
S
4
2
CC
C
SE
Fim Fjn Fkp FlqC mnpq

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Hyperelastic Materials
Derivation of consistent Jacobian is difficult
CSE
C ijkl

2U
S
4
2
CC
C
SE
Fim Fjn Fkp FlqC mnpq

Hyperelastic materials are often implemented more

easily in user Subroutine UHYPER

Because of requiring the values of the derivatives

of the strain energy density function respect to
the strain invariants
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Example 3: Isotropic Hardening Plasticity

Elasticity:

el
ij ij kk
2 ijel

Yield function:
3
S ij S ij Y pl
2

S ij

1
ij ij kk
3

Equivalent plastic strain

t

Plastic flow law

ijpl
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pl

pl dt , pl

2 pl pl
ij ij
3

3 S ij pl

2 Y
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Example 3: Isotropic Hardening Plasticity

We first calculate the von Mises stress based on
purely elastic behavior (elastic predictor).
If the elastic predictor is larger than the current yield
stress, plastic flow occurs.
The radial return method is used to integrate the
equations.
The consistent Jacobian:
*

ij ij kk

ij
S.Poorasadion

S ijpr

pr

h
*

2 ij
3 ij kl kl
1 h / 3

Y
pr

d Y
2 *
, k , h
3
d pl
*

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Example 3: Isotropic Hardening Plasticity

We first calculate the von Mises stress based on
purely elastic behavior (elastic predictor).
If the elastic predictor is larger than the current yield
This result
also true for large-strain
stress, plastic
flow isoccurs.
The radial returncalculations.
method is used to integrate the
equations.
The consistent Jacobian:
*

ij ij kk

ij
S.Poorasadion

S ijpr

pr

h
*

2 ij
3 ij kl kl
1 h / 3

Y
pr

d Y
2 *
, k , h
3
d pl
*

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ijpl

3 pl S ij
2 ijpl
Y
Rotate Forward

ijpl
n 1

ijpl n

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3 S ij pl

2 Y

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F > Tol
No F > 0

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VUMAT
In ABAQUS/Explicit the user-defined material model
is implemented in user subroutine VUMAT
The material Jacobian does not need to be defined in
VUMAT

UMAT or VUMAT???

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Ho! O Saki, pass around and offer the bowl

For love at first appeared easy, but difficulties have occurred