Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Journal of Mechanical
Engineering
and Technology (IJMET),
ISSN 0976
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
6340(Print), ISSN 0976 6359(Online) Volume 4, Issue 6, November - December (2013) IAEME
IJMET
IAEME
ABSTRACT
The gas turbine cycle has various uses in the present scenario. The ancient and mostly use of
gas turbine cycle for the generation of power. The gas turbine cycle is based on Braton cycle. In the
present work the parametric study of a gas turbine cycle model power plant with intercooler
compression process and regeneration turbine were proposed. The thermal efficiency, specific fuel
consumption and net power output are simulating with respect to the temperature limits and
compressor pressure ratio for a typical set of operating conditions. Simple gas turbine cycle
calculations with realistic parameters are made and confirm that increasing the turbine inlet
temperature no longer means an increase in cycle efficiency, but increases the work done.
Regenerative gas turbine engine cycle is presented that yields higher cycle efficiencies than simple
cycle operating under the same conditions. The analytical formulae about the relation to determine
the thermal efficiency are derived taking into account the effected operation conditions (ambient
temperature, compression ratio, intercooled effectiveness, regenerator effectiveness, compressor
efficiency, turbine efficiency, air to fuel ratio and turbine inlet temperature).The analytical study is
done to investigate the performance improvement by intercooling and regeneration. The analytical
formula for specific work and thermal efficiency are derived and analyzed. The simulation results
shows that increasing turbine inlet temperature and pressure ratio can still improve the performance
of the intercooled gas turbine cycle. The power output and thermal efficiency are found to be
increasing with the regenerative effectiveness, and the compressor and turbine efficiencies. The
efficiency increased with increase the compression ratio to 5, then efficiency decreased with
increased compression ratio, but in simple cycle the thermal efficiency always increase with
increased in compression ratio. The increased in ambient temperature caused decreased thermal
efficiency, but the increased in turbine inlet temperature increase thermal efficiency.
Keywords: Gas turbine, Intercooling, Regeneration, Thermal efficiency, Power plant, Brayton cycle.
43
(1)
(2)
In the above equations, T stands for gas or air temperature in deg K and
2.1 Gas Turbine analysis with Intercooling
Consider replacing the isentropic single-stage compression from p1 to p2 in figure 2 with two
isentropic stages from
to
and
to . Separation of the compression processes with a heat
exchanger that cools the air at
to a lower temperature
acts to move the final compression
44
process to the left on the T-s diagram and reduces the discharge temperature following compression
to . The work required to compress air from
to
in two stages is given by considering two
compressors namely low pressure compressor and high pressure compressor. Therefore, work
required by the low pressure and high pressure compressor depends upon their pressure ratios.
For low pressure compressor the work required in isentropic compression is given by,
(3)
For the high pressure compressor, the work required in isentropic compression is given by,
(4)
Therefore, the total work required by the compressor is given by
(5)
In the present work the intercooler effectiveness is given by [22].
(6)
(7)
(8)
Note that intercooling increases the net work of the reversible cycle. Thus intercooling may
be used to reduce the work of compression between two given pressures in any application.
However, the favorable effect on compressor work reduction due to intercooling in the gas turbine
), and
application may be offset by the obvious increase in combustor heat addition,
by increased cost of compression system.
Figure 2 T-s representation of intercooling between two compressors in gas turbine cycle
(9)
(10)
(11)
The work required to run the compressor is expressed as in [13]:
(12)
The work developed by turbine is then rewritten as in (2):
(13)
where T4 is turbine inlet temperature. The net work is expressed as [13]
(14)
or
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(15)
In the combustion chamber, the heat supplied by the fuel is equal to the heat absorbed by air, Hence,
(16)
Power output is given by:
(17)
Air to fuel ratio is given by
(18)
and Specific Fuel consumption
(19)
Fuel to air ratio is given by
FAR=1/AFR
(20)
(21)
0.375
EFF=0.5
EFF=0.6
EFF=0.7
EFF=0.8
EFF=0.9
Thermal Efficiency
0.370
0.365
0.360
OPR=30
LPR=2
TIT=1500K
0.355
0.350
0.345
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
OPR=24
LPR=2
TIT=1500K
Power(kWX10 )
0.54
0.52
0.50
EFF=0.5
EFF=0.6
EFF=0.7
EFF=0.8
EFF=0.9
0.48
0.46
0.44
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
600
550
EFF=0.5
EFF=0.6
EFF=0.7
EFF=0.8
EFF=0.9
500
450
400
350
LPR=2
Tamb=310K
TIT=1500K
300
250
200
150
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
49
0.65
EFF=0.5
EFF=0.6
EFF=0.7
EFF=0.8
EFF=0.9
0.60
0.55
Work Ratio
0.50
0.45
0.40
OPR=30
LPR=2
Tamb=310K
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
RGEFF=0.45
RGEFF=0.55
RGEFF=0.65
RGEFF=0.75
RGEFF=0.85
RGEFF=0.95
OPR=20
TIT=1700K
0.54
0.53
Thermal Efficiency
0.52
0.51
0.50
0.49
0.48
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.42
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
50
0.60
OPR=24
TIT=1700K
0.55
Thermal Efficiency
0.50
0.45
0.40
Tamb=280K
Tamb=290K
Tamb=300K
Tamb=310K
Tamb=320K
Tamb=330K
Tamb=340K
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
Figure 12 Effect of isentropic turbine efficiency and ambient temperature on thermal efficiency
0.55
Thermal Efficiency
0.50
0.45
0.40
OPR=20
TIT=1700K
RGEFF=0.95
EFF=0.95
0.35
0.30
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
Figure 4.30 Variation of thermal efficiency with ambient temperature for various cycles
51
52
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