11/5/2016

ESO204A,FluidMechanicsandrateProcesses

1DHeatConduction
Chapter2ofCengel

Designingan
wintergarment

Heatgenerationinhumanbodyin
restconditionisabout100W

FindLins
T T
Q i sur 100W
R
R 0.25 K W
L
L
R sf ins
ksf A kins A

1
1
1

1 hA 1 hr A

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11/5/2016

Lsf
L
1
ins
.25 K W
ksf A kins A hA hr A

Tout

FindLins
2
hr Tout Tsur Tout
Tsur2

Ti Tout
Q 100W
Lsf
Lins

ksf A kins A

AbovethreeEqns tobesolveditertively
tofindhr, Tout, Lins

Designinganwintergarment

FindLins

Lsf
L
1
ins
.25 K W
ksf A kins A hA hr A
35 10
295.5K
2
2
hr Tout Tsur Tout
Tsur2 5.2 W m 2 -K

assume Tout 273

h 2 W m 2 -K
Lins 4.1mm
h 200 W m 2 -K
Lins 6.1mm

ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

We may now recalculate Tout and

improve the result itertively
Ti Tout
100W
Lsf
Lins

ksf A kins A

11/5/2016

Example:calculatingAirconditioningloadina
constanttemperatureroom
L

constant temperature Tin

d 2T
0
dx 2

solar radiant flux qrad

Wall
convective flux

qconv hout T T

BC:T x 0 Tin

at x L,
dT
k
hout T T qrad 0
dx

dT
B
dx
T Bx C

Airconditioningloadinaroom
dT
B T Bx C
dx

C Tin

L
T Tin

dT
hout T T
dx
qrad 0

Wall

kA hout T BL C

qrad 0
k hout L B hout T C
qrad 0

h T C qrad
B out
k hout L

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T Tin

hout T C qrad
x
k hout L

11/5/2016

Airconditioningloadinaroom
T Bx C

C Tin

hout T C qrad
k hout L

hout T Tin qrad

k hout L

dT
hout T T
dx
qrad 0
k

T Tin

Wall

Heatloadatx= 0
Awall k

dT
dx

Awall kB Awall k

hout T Tin qrad

k hout L

Airconditioningloadinaroom
Q Awall k

hout T Tin qrad

k hout L
Tin

For hout
Q Awall k

Wall

T T
T Tin qrad hout
Awall k in
L
k hout L

hout , qrad

Usually h increases with Re

Aboveapproximationispossibleincaseof
rain/thunderstorm;notethatoutsidewall
temperaturereachesambienttemperature
convective flux
qconv hout T T

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T T qconv hout 0

11/5/2016

Airconditioningloadinaroom
Q Awall k

For

hout T Tin qrad

k hout L

hout 0

Tin

hout , qrad

Wall

Q Awall qrad

Aboveapproximationispossibleincaseofa
clearweather,sunnydaywithlowwindspeed;
notethatthethermalpropertiesofwall
materialdoesnotplayanyrolehere

Steady,1Dheattransfer,cylindricalcoordinate
1 T
r
r r r

2
2
1 T T

0
2
2
z 2
r

T r r1 T1

1 d dT
r
r dr dr

T r r2 T2

dT

0 r dr c1 T c1 ln r c2

T T1 T1 T2

ln r r1
ln r1 r2

dT
dT
Q kA
k 2 rL
dr
dr
ln r2 r1
T T
R
1 2
2 kL
R

ESO204A/IITK/mkdas@iitk.ac.in

T1

T2

Correctprofile
r1

r2

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Electrical analogy:multilayercylinder

Criticalthicknessofinsulation
T T
Q 1 2
R
dR
0
dr

ln r ri
1

2 k
2 rh

1
1

0
2 rk 2 r 2 h

k
h

Criticalthickness
ofinsulationthat
maximizesrate
ofheattransfer
r

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11/5/2016

Steady,1Dheattransfer,sphericalcoordinate
1 d 2 dT
r
0
r 2 dr dr

T 2c1 r c2

T r r1 T1

T r r2 T2

T T1 T2 T1

1 r1 r
1 r1 r2

dT
dT
Q kA
k 4 r 2
dr
dr
T1 T2
1 r1 r2

R
R
4 r1k

T1

T2
r1

r2

2
Steady,1Dheattransfer, d T egen 0 dT egen x c1
2
dx
k
k
withuniformgeneration dx

egen

x 2 c1 x c2 T x 0 T1
2k
c2 T1
T1
T2
egen 2
L c1 L c2 T2
T x L T2
2k
x e
x
T T1 T2 T1 gen Lx x 2
L 2k
L
egen L2 x x 2
T T1 x

Nondimensional form
T2 T1 L 2k T2 T1 L L2
dT k T1 T2 egen
Contribution
qx k

2x L
fromsource
dx
L
2
T

kA T1 T2 egen A
Q

2x L
2
L

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