This question paper consists of 11

printed pages each of which is

identified by the Code Number
MECH 123001

MECH 123001

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS

School of Mechanical Engineering

Semester Two 2013/14
Module: MECH 1230 Solid Mechanics
Time allowed: 2 hours
Attempt TWO questions from SECTION A
and TWO questions from SECTION B
A maximum of 100 marks possible
The first two questions in each section will be marked
All questions carry equal marks
(Assume g = 9.81 ms-2)

Battery-operated,
non-programmable
calculators permitted.

Formula Sheet is attached

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

------------------------------------------ Section A Dynamics --------------------------------------1. The rod OB, shown in Figure 1, is rotating counterclockwise with an angular velocity of
m

=2rad
/ s . Collar A moves along the rod with speed of r =0.4 t( ) . If =0 and
s
r=1( m) when t=0(s) :

Figure 1.
a) Calculate the magnitude of the velocity vector of the collar A at t = 2 (s).
b) Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration vector of the collar A at t = 2 (s)
marks]

[8 marks]
[6

c) Determine the Cartesian (x-y) velocity components at t = 2 (s), and mark these on a sketch at the
approximate position of the arms
[5 marks]
d) Determine the radial velocity and radial acceleration of the collar A at = 60

[6 marks]

Solution
a) Calculate the magnitude of velocity vector of the collar A at t = 2 (s).

=2rad
/s ,

[8 marks]

r =0.4 t m/s

For velocity and acceleration calculation in a polar coordinate system, we need to calculate
ar and a , respectively. Using the initial condition r =1 m when t = 0s

dr
=r =0.4 t
dt

dr = 0.4 tdt
1

t
2
2
r=0.2t + 1(m)
r1=0.4

vr , v ,

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Using the initial condition =0 when t = 0s

d
==2
dt

d= 2 dt
0

=2t (rad )
d2 r
=0.4 ,
d t2

At time t=2 s , we have

d2
=0 .
dt2

dr
d2 r
2
=0.8 m/s ,
=0.4 m/s ,
2
dt
dt
d
d2
=2 rad /s ,
=0 .
=4 rad ,
dt
d t2
Thus, components of velocity and acceleration are as follows,
dr
v r = =0.8 m/ s ,
dt
d
v =r =1.8 m 2 rad /s=3.6 m/ s ,
dt
Velocity magnitude
2
2
v = v 2r + v 2= ( 0.8 ) + ( 3.6 ) m/s=3.69 m/s ,
r=1.8 m ,

b) Calculate the magnitude of acceleration vector of the collar A at t = 2 (s)

2

[6 marks]

d r
d
r
=0.41.8 22=6.8 m/ s2 ,
2
dt
dt
2
d
dr d
2
a =r 2 +2
=1.8 0+2 0.8 2=3.2m/s .
dt dt
dt

( )

ar =

a= ar +a =(6.8 ) + ( 3.2 ) m/ s =7.52m/s

2

c) Determine the Cartesian (x-y) velocity components at t = 2 (s), and mark these on a sketch at the
approximate position of the arms
[5 marks]
At this time, t 4 radians = 229.3

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Then either use the formula given on the sheet, or work from first principles to get the Cartesian velocity
components.
v x vr cos vt sin 0.8 cos 229.3 3.6 sin 229.3 2.2 m s -1

v y vr sin vt cos 0.8 sin 229.3 3.6 cos 229.3 2.95 m s -1

These vectors are indicated on the diagram above.

d) Determine the radial velocity and radial acceleration of the collar A at = 60

= 60=1.046 rad
r = 1 + 0.2t 2 m
= 2t rad
1.046 = 2t
t = 0.52 s
Hence at t = 0.52 seconds
dr
d 2r
d
d 2
0.208 m s -1 , 2 0.4 ms -2 ,
2rad s -1 , 2 0 rad s -2 , r 1.054 m, 1.046 rad
dt
dt
dt
dt
Polar components of velocity
dr
v
r r
dt
vr r vt
Hence:

vr 0.208 m s -1
2

d r
d
ar = 2 r
=0.41.054 22=3.8 m/s 2 ,
dt
dt

( )

[6 marks]

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Q2. The velocity and acceleration of points A and B of the mechanism shown in Figure 2 is defined by
the motion of the hydraulic cylinder D. If the hydraulic cylinder shortens at a velocity rate of
vC = 0.6 (m/s) and acceleration rate of aC =0.25 (m/s2), determine:

Figure 2. Hydraulic mechanism

a) the angular velocity of link ACB,
[7 marks]

ACB , using the instantaneous centre of rotation method

b) the velocity of block B, v B , using the relative motion method and

marks]

[10

c) the acceleration of block B, a B

[8 marks]

at the instant shown in Figure 2.

Solution

a) the angular velocity of link ACB, ACB , using the instantaneous centre method[8 marks]

distance IC
v C =( C ) ACB
v C =1.2sin ( 60 ) ACB =0.6
ACB =0.577 (

rad
) , clockwise
s

IC

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

b) the velocity of block B, v B , using the relative motion method and

marks]

[10

BC

v B= vC + vBC

(1)

v BC = ACB CB=0.577
1.2=0.692(

m
)
s

Solving eq (1) in y, v B=0+ 0.692 cos ( 60 )=0.346(

m
) , vertically upwards
s

c ) the acceleration of block B, a B

[8 marks]
a BC

aB
a B=aC + a BC + a BC
Par

perpendicular

(2)

Perp

m
2

a BC =2 ACB BC=0.577
1.2=0.4 ( )
s
= ACB 1.2
a BC = ACB BC
par

perp

a BC

Solving eq (2) in x, 0=0.25+ 0.4 cos ( 60 )+ ACB 1.2 cos ( 30)=0

Solving eq (2) in y, a B=00.4 sin ( 60 ) + ACB 1.2asin ( 30)
C

Solving these two equations:

a B=0.317

m
s2

( )

=0

.25
, vertically
2
m/sdownwards
TURN OVER

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Q3. The disk (Figure 3) with a mass of 20 (kg), radius of R = 150 (mm) and radius of gyration of k = 0.106
(m) is originally spinning at the end of the strut with an angular velocity of = 60 (rad/s)
clockwise.
a) Calculate the moment of inertia of the disk about its centre of mass

[3 marks]

b) If the disk is then placed against the wall, draw the free body diagram and write down the
equations of motion for the disk. Label all the applied forces in FBD.
[10 marks]
c) Using the equations of motion for the disk, calculate the friction coefficient needed at the
disk/wall interface so the disk stops in 15 revolutions after the contact with the wall.
[10 marks]
Calculate the force in strut CB

[8 marks]

d) Calculate the force in the strut CB

[

[2 marks]

Figure 3

Solution:
a) Calculate the moment of inertia of the disk about its centre of mass

[3 marks]

I = m k2 = 20 0.1062 = 0.225 kg m2
b) If the disk is then placed against the wall, draw the free body diagram and write down the
equations of motion for the disk. Label all the applied forces in FBD.
[10 marks]

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

-------------- (1)
F X =m ( aG ) x ; F CB sin 30 N A =0
F y =m ( aG ) y ; F CB cos 30 20 ( 9.81 ) + N A =0 --------(2)
---------------------(3)
M A =I ; N A ( 0.15 )=0.225
c) Calculate the friction coefficient needed at the disk/wall interface so the disk stops in 15
revolutions after the contact with the wall.
[10 marks]
To calculate the friction coefficient, we need first to calculate the angular acceleration from the info given
i.e. the disk needs to stop in 15 revolutions (15 x 2 =94.2 rad).
2 =20 +2 ( 0 )
0=602+ 2 ( 94.20 )
rad
----(4)
s2
The angular acceleration is 19.1 rad/s2 with anticlockwise direction.
Substituting eq (4) in (3)
N A=28.67 [N ]
---------------------(5)
=19.1

Substituting eq (5) in (2) and eliminating the FCB:

NA= 96.3 N and = 0.3
d) Calculate the force in strut CB

[2 marks]

Knowing NA, the force FCB can be calculated from eq (1): FCB=192.6 [N]

TURN OVER

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

------------------------------------------------ Section B - Statics ----------------------------------------------4.

The beam AB, shown in Figure 4a), has the cross-sectional area as shown in Figure 4b). The loaded
beam is a -shape steel beam reinforced with an horizontal rectangular-shape wooden beam
throughout its length AB (shown in black in Figure 4b). Do the following:
a) Derive the centroid position from the top of the cross-section, y

[7 Marks]

b) Calculate the second moment of area about axis zz for the overall (steel and wooden
component) beam cross-section. The second moment of area of the steel section of the
beam is Isteel=4.24 x 10-5 (m4) [5
Marks]
c) Calculate maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses in the beam at a position 8 m away
from the support A.
[8 Marks]
d) Determine the bending stress at the point located 62 mm above the bottom edge of the cross-section
(point C), at a distance of 8 m away from the support A. Also calculate the percentage of bending
stress reduction at this point when the beam is reinforced with the wooden beam as shown in Figure
4b. [5 Marks]

Figure 4: a) A loaded beam and its b) cross-section

Derive the centroid position from the top of the cross-section, y

[7 Marks]

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two
12 212 106 12 250 6 12 212 106 12 250 156 1025328
y

92.4 mm
2 12 212 2 12 250
11088

MECH 123001
Page

Centroid of the steel crosssection only:

y

12 212 106 12 250 6 12 212 106 557328

68.9 mm
2 12 212 12 250
8088

c) Calculate the second moment of area about axis zz for the overall (steel and wooden component)
beam cross-section. The second moment of area of the steel section of the beam is I steel=4.24 x
10-5 (m4)
[5 Marks]

I zz I1 I 2 I 3 I 4 I steel I wood
1
250 123 250 12 (156 92.4) 2 36000 12134880 12170880 mm4 1.22 10 5 m 4
12
I (4.24 1.22) 10 5 5.46 10 5 m 4
I wood

d) Calculate maximum tensile and compressive bending stresses in the beam at a position 8 m away
from the support A.
[8 Marks]
FBD

F 0;
F 0;
M 0;
x

RBx 100 cos 30 0, RBx 100 cos 30

R A 50 100 sin 30 RBy 0

50 4 100 sin 30 7 RBy 10 0, RBy 15kN , R A 15 kN

The direction of reaction force RA is downwards.

Bending Moment Diagram
7 X 10;
M ( x) 0; M ( x) 15 x - 50 (x - 4) 100sin30 (x - 7) 0

M ( x ) 150 15 x
M x 8m 15 8 150 30 kNm

for x 8m,
M
; M x 8 m 30 kNm
y
I

M
30 10 3
3
max compressive
92.4 10
92.4 10 3 50.4 MPa
5
I
5.46 10
M
30 10 3
max tensile
119.6 10 3
119.6 10 3 65.7 MPa
I
5.46 10 5

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

e) Determine the bending stress at the point located 62 mm above the bottom edge of the crosssection (point C), at a distance of 8 m away from the support A. Also calculate the percentage of
bending stress reduction at this point when the beam is reinforced with the wooden beam as
shown in Figure 4b.
[5 Marks]

; M C 30 kNm
y
I
C

MC
30 10 3
( 212 92.4 62) 10 3
57.6 10 3 31.6 MPa
5
I
5.46 10

for only steel beam

MC
30 10 3
( 212 68.9 62) 10 3
81.1 10 3 57.4 MPa
5
I steel
4.24 10

57.4 ( x / 100) 57.4 31.6

( x / 100) 57.4 25.8
x 45%
Beam reinforcing reduces the bending stress at point C by 45 %.

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Q5. The cantilever beam, AC, is subjected to the load case shown in Figure 5. For the loading shown, do
the following:
a) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the reactions at A

[10 Marks]

b) Using the Macaulay function, determine the displacement in y when x = 2.4 (m) from the
support at A (point B)
[10 Marks]
c) Determine the slope at B.

[5 Marks]

The Youngs modulus is E = 200 (GPa) and the second moment of area is I = 11810-6 (m4).

Figure 5. A steel bar subjected to a uniformly distributed load and two concentrated loads
Solution
a) Calculate the magnitude and direction of the reactions at A
FBD

Fx 0;

RAx 100 cos 30

Fy 0;

RAy 30 2.4 100 sin 30 40 0

RAy 162 kN

MA 0
M A 30 2.4 1.2 50 2.4 40 3.6 0
M A 350.4 kNm

b) Using the Macaulay function, determine the displacement at x = 2.4 m from the support A
(point B),

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

350.4 kNm

M ( x ) 162 x 0 350.4 30 / 2 x 50 x 2.4 30 / 2 x 2.4

d 2v
M
1
2
2

162 x 350.4 30 / 2 x 50 x 2.4 30 / 2 x 2.4

2
dx
EI
EI
dv
1
2
3
2
3

162 / 2 x 350.4 x 15 / 3 x 50 / 2 x 2.4 15 / 3 x 2.4 C1

dx
EI
1
3
4
3
4
v
162 / 6 x 350.4 / 2 x 2 15 / 12 x 50 / 6 x 2.4 15 / 12 x 2.4 C1 x C2
EI

x 0, v 0;
x 0,

C2 0;

dv
0; C1 0
dx
x 2.4m

for

1
1
677.3
(162 / 6 2.43 350.4 / 2 2.4 2 15 / 12 2.44 0 0) (373.24 1009.1 41.47)
kNm3
EI
EI
EI

677.3 1000
0.028 m 28 mm
(200 109 118 10 6 )
c) The slope at B.

dv
1
2
3
2

162 / 2 x 350.4 x 15 / 3 x 50 / 2 x 2.4 15 / 3 x 2.4

dx
EI

for
x 2.4m
dv
1
1
443.52
(162 / 2 2.42 350.4 2.4 15 / 3 2.43 0 0) ( 466.56 840.96 69.12)
kNm2
dx
EI
EI
EI
dv
443.52 1000

0.018 rad
dx (200 109 118 10 6 )

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

Q6. A steel bar ABCD with cross-sectional area as shown in Figure 6 is subjected to three loads, P 1, P2
and P3 acting at points B, C and D respectively. The bar is solid from point A to C. From point C to
D, the steel bar is hollow and has a fitted 6061-T6 aluminium core. Elastic modulus for steel is
E=200 (GPa) and for aluminium is E=69 (GPa).
a) Determine the axial normal stress in AB and BC section of the bar.

[7 marks]

b) Determine the displacement at the point C of the bar,

[7 marks]

c) Determine the axial normal stress in aluminium and steel part of the CD section of the bar
marks]
d) Determine the displacement at the end of the bar (D)

[8

[3 marks]

Figure 6.

a) Determine the axial stress in AB and BC portion of the bar.

(7 Marks)

FAB 8 8 32 0; FAB 32 kN (tensile )

FBC 8 32 0; FBC 40 kN (tensile )

F/A
32000
AB
125 MPa (tensile )
256 10 6
40000
BC
156.25MPa (tensile )
256 10 6
b) Determine the displacement at the point C of the bar,

[7 marks]

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

MECH 123001
Page

/E
AB
BC

125 10 6

0.625 10 3 (tensile )
9
200 10
156.25 10 6

0.781 10 3 (tensile )
9
200 10

L
AB 0.625 10 3 0.5 0.3125(mm)(elongation )
BC 0.781 10 3 0.5 0.3905(mm)(elongation )
C AB BC 0.703 (mm)(elongation )
c)

Determine the axial normal stress in aluminium and steel part of the CD section of the bar
marks]

FCD _ Al FCD _ St 32 0;
FCD _ Al FCD _ St 32
FCD _ Al 32 FCD _ St

(1)

CD _ st CD _ Al

( 2)

;
E L

CD _ St St LCD ; CD _ St St LCD
E St
ESt
F
F
CD _ St CD _ St ; CD _ Al CD _ Al
ACD _ St
ACD _ Al

(3)
( 4)

Substituting (3) and (4) in (2)

FCD _ St
ACD _ St E St

LCD

FCD _ Al
ACD _ Al E Al

LCD

(5)

Substituting (1) in (5):

FCD _ St
ACD _ St ESt

32 FCD _ St
ACD _ Al E Al

(5)

Fst AAl E AL 32 ASt E St FSt ASt ESt

FSt ( AAl E AL ASt E St ) 32 ASt E St
FSt

32 ASt ESt
( 6)
( AAl E AL ASt ESt )

[8

Solid Mechanics
Semester Two

ACD _ St 256 10 6
Where

ACD _ Al

(5 10 3 ) 2 236.37 10 6 m 2
4

MECH 123001
Page

(5 10 3 ) 2 19.6 10 6 m 2
4

Substituting all values in (6)

1512468 103
FSt
31.1 kN
48626 103
FAl 32 FSt 0.9 kN
The axial normal stresses are:

CD _ St

31.1103
131 MPa
236.37 10 6

CD _ Al

0.9 103
45.9 MPa
19.6 106

d ) Determine the displacement at the end of the bar (D)

(3 marks)

C AB BC 0.703 (mm)( elongation )

CD

CD _ St
131106

LCD
0.5 103 0.33 mm
9
ESt
200 10

C CD 1.033 mm

THE END