A

SYNOPSIS
ON

DRIVERLESS VEHICLE
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT
FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Submitted by
Dhruv Mehndhiratta
Rishabh Sharma
Sonakshi Gupta

1813231
1813222
1813216

Under the guidance of

Er. Vivek Kamboj

(2013 2017)

Haryana Engineering College

Jagadhri
(Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra

INTRODUCTION

Introduction to project
Obstacle detection is defined as the determination of whether a given space is free of obstacles
for safe travel by an autonomous vehicle. Obstacle detection is one of the most renowned
problems within the subfield of robotics. With research into other subfields of artificial
intelligence, obstacle detection is crucial in order to perform many basic operations for mobile
robots such as avoidance and navigation. A good obstacle detection system must be capable of
the following:
1. To detect obstacles on a given space in good time
2. To detect and identify correct obstacles
3. To identify and ignore ground features that may appear as obstacles
The robot requires means of detecting an obstacle (or another robot) without making physical
contact. This allows the robot to decide whether to avoid or to confront and investigate the
obstacle depending on its programming. The sensors of the obstacle detection systems that are of
interest to us are built on different technologies. Those that are available to us today are:
Infrared sensors
Microwave-based radar
The sensor system is of very basic type of infrared (IR) reflectance sensor. It is made up of an IR
Transmitter and an IR receiver. The IR transmitter is an IR LED which emits light in IR
spectrum that is invisible to human eye. The IR receiver can detect those rays. We have designed
an infrared sensor to detect obstacles. We used 4 IR LEDs and 4 photodiodes to generate outputs
for FORWARD and BACKWARD detection zones.

ORIGIN OF IDEA
An autonomous car or driverless car is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and
navigating without human input.
Autonomous

cars

can

detect

surroundings

using

variety

of

techniques

such

as radar, lidar, GPS, odometry, and computer vision. Advanced control systems interpret sensory
information to identify appropriate navigation paths, as well as obstacles and relevantsignage.
Autonomous cars have control systems that are capable of analyzing sensory data to distinguish
between different cars on the road, which is very useful in planning a path to the desired
destination.
The idea of making a arduino based project when it was come in my mind that I should build
a project which can automatically control a robot appliances from collisions. Because
in modern engineering era each and every thing is going on automatic therefore to make
every robot of industries to move freely we have to build this project. To keep this thing in
mind we decided to build a project which can be used in these types of situation, because it
can automatically control the robots from collisions. By some up gradation in project
automatic obstacle detector robot movement in industries would become safe and accidents on
road will become very less. Because the coming time is of robotics, each of us will have
own robot for our work and industries are going on fully automatic and future is believing
on robot for better and more quantity of work plus a more safer point of view.

TECHNOLOGY USED
Embedded system is the technology of today. It is being used everywhere and in almost
every commercial, defence and industrial electronic equipment. Embedded systems also have a
lot of scope in the tomorrow. Due to the growing use and importance of Embedded Systems
in the world today, we decided to use arduinos as the basic component and embedded system
as our technology base in our minor project. Using of arduinos as our base requires both the
hardware and software implementations, hence we thought of it as the appropriate
technology base for our project. A arduino is a computer. All computers, whether we are
talking about a personal desktop computer or a large mainframe computer or a arduino, have

MICN-DTOGRHFLE
several things in common:

All computers have a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes programs. If you are

sitting at a desktop computer right now reading this article, the CPU in the machine is
executing a program that implements the Web Browser that is displaying this page.

Object Detection using IR light

The two basic parts for working with IR are the emitter and the detector. The emitter is typically
an LED that emits near-infrared light. A typical wavelength is 880nm, which is just beyond the
human eyes ability to see. Many suppliers, new and surplus, can provide you with sources of
LED emitters. A typical IR detection system will use two emitters.

By controlling when the emitters are active, the detection system can determine simple
directional information: Left, Right, or Front.

There are several types of detectors for IR light. There are photo-diodes, photo- transistors, and a
couple others. Usually, you buy IR emitter/detector pairs, which are tuned for each other. This is
recommended when buying surplus, since chances are someone has verified they work together..

BLOCK DIAGRAM

FUTURE SCOPE
The project is obstacle detection and guiding robot. It is practically proved by using the IR pairs
for avoiding the robot, h bridge for the driving the dc motor, dc motor is used for
the movement of the robot with the help of the micro controller.
Based on the entire study, the project is a versatile device capable of serving a wide range of
applications. Thus, we believe that our project will be beneficial for various purposes & hence our
efforts will be fruitful.

REFERENCES

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics
http://seminarprojects.com/Thread-space-robotics#ixzz2BW7eflUv.
Magazine-Electronics for U(2012),published in June,Robotics Applications.
8051- The Arduino and Embedded Systems (Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Editon II).