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ACTIVITES(TERMI)
(AnyEight)

Activity1:

TofindtheHCFoftwoNumbersExperimentallyBasedonEuclidDivisionLemma

Activity2:

ToDrawtheGraphofaQuadraticPolynomialandobserve:
i.

Theshapeofthecurvewhenthecoefficientofx2ispositive

ii.

Theshapeofthecurvewhenthecoefficientofx2isnegative

iii.

Itsnumberofzero

Activity3:

ToobtainthezeroofalinearPolynomialGeometrically

Activity4:

ToobtaintheconditionforconsistencyofsystemoflinearEquationsintwovariables

Activity5:

ToDrawaSystemofSimilarSquares,UsingtwointersectingStripswithnails

Activity6:

ToDrawaSystemofsimilarTrianglesUsingYshapedStripswithnails

Activity7:

ToverifyBasicproportionalitytheoremusingparallellineboard

Activity8:

Toverifythetheorem:RatiooftheAreasofTwoSimilarTrianglesisEqualtotheRatiooftheSquares

oftheircorrespondingsidesthroughpapercutting.
Activity9:

ToverifyPythagorasTheorembypapercutting,paperfoldingandadjusting(Arranging)

Activity10:

Verifythattwofigures(objects)havingthesameshape(andnotNecessarilythesamesize)are
similarfigures.ExtendthesimilaritycriteriontoTriangles.

Activity11:

TofindtheAverageHeight(incm)ofstudentsstudyinginaschool.

Activity12:

ToDrawacumulativefrequencycurve(oranogive)oflessthantype.

Activity13:

ToDrawacumulativefrequencycurve(oranogive)ofmorethantype.

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ACTIVITES(TERMII)
(AnyEight)

Activity1:

TofindGeometricallythesolutionofaQuadraticEquationax2+bx++c=0,a 0(wherea=1)byusing
themethodofcomputingthesquare.

Activity2:

ToverifythatgivensequenceisanA.P(ArithmeticProgression)bythepaperCuttingandPaper
Folding.

Activity3:

Toverifythat

byGraphicalmethod

Activity4:

ToverifyexperimentallythatthetangentatanypointtoacircleisperpendiculartotheRadius
throughthatpoint.

Activity5:

TofindthenumberofTangentfromapointtothecircle

Activity6:

ToverifythatlengthsofTangentsDrawnfromanExternalPoint,toacircleareequalbyusing
methodofpapercutting,paperfoldingandpasting.

Activity7:

ToDrawaQuadrilateralSimilartoagivenQuadrilateralaspergivenscalefactor(Lessthan1)

Activity8:

(a)Tomakemathematicalinstrumentclinometer(orsextant)formeasuringtheangleof
elevation/depressionofanobject

(b)Tocalculatetheheightofanobjectmakinguseofclinometers(orsextant)

Activity9:

Togetfamiliarwiththeideaofprobabilityofaneventthroughadoublecolorcardexperiment.

Activity10:

Toverifyexperimentallythattheprobabilityofgettingtwotailswhentwocoinsaretossed
simultaneouslyis=(o.25)(Byeightytossesoftwocoins)

Activity11:

Tofindthedistancebetweentwoobjectsbyphysicallydemonstratingthepositionofthetwo
objectssaytwoBoysinaHall,takingasetofreferenceaxeswiththecornerofthehallasorigin.

Activity12:

Divisionoflinesegmentbytakingsuitablepointsthatintersectstheaxesatsomepointsandthen
verifyingsectionformula.

Activity13:

Toverifytheformulafortheareaofatrianglebygraphicalmethod.

Activity14:

ToobtainformulaforAreaofacircleexperimentally.

Activity15:

TogiveasuggestivedemonstrationoftheformulaforthesurfaceAreaofacircusTent.

Activity16:

ToobtaintheformulaforthevolumeofFrustumofacone.

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PROJECTS

Project1:

Efficiencyinpacking

Project2:

GeometryinDailyLife

Project3:

Experimentonprobability

Project4:

DisplacementandRotationofaGeometricalFigure

Project5:

Frequencyofletters/wordsinalanguagetext.

Project6:

PythagorasTheoremanditsExtension

Project7:

Volumeandsurfaceareaofcubeandcuboid.

Project8:

GoldenRectangleandgoldenRatio

Project9:

MaleFemaleratio

Project10:

BodyMassIndex(BMI)

Project11:

HistoryofIndianMathematiciansandMathematics

Project12:

CareerOpportunities

Project13:

(Pie)

ProjectWorkAssignment(AnyEight)

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ACTIVITY1

TOPIC:Primefactorizationofcompositenumbers.

OBJECTIVE:Toverifytheprimefactorization150intheform
52x3x2i.e150=52x3x2.

PREREQUISITEKNOWLEDGE:ForaprimenumberP,P2canberepresentedbytheareaofasquare
whoseeachsideoflengthPunits.

MATERIALSREQUIRED:

i.
Asheetofgraphpaper(Pink/Green)

ii.
Colored(black)ballpointpen.

iii.
Ascale

TOPERFORMTHEACTIVITY:

Steps:

1. Drawasquareonthegraphpaperwhoseeachsideisoflength5cmandthenmakepartitionof
thissquareinto25smallsquaresasshowninfig1.1eachsmallsquarehasitssideoflength1cm.

Here,weobservethattheareaofthesquarehavingsideoflength5cm=52cm2=25cm2

2. AsshowninFig1.2drawthereequalsquareswhereeachsquareisofsamesizeasinfigure1.1
thenthetotalareainthefig1.2
=52+52+52cm2
=52x3cm2ie,75cm2

Fig=1.1

Fig=1.2

3. Asshowninfig1.3drawsixequalsquarewhereeachsquareisassamesizeasinFig1.1Here,
threesquaresareinonerowandthreesquaresinthesecondrow.

Weobservethatthetotalareaofsixsquares

=52x(3+3)cm2
2

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Alsoobservethatthetotalarea

=75cm2+75cm2=150cm2

Hence,wehaveverifiedthat

150=52x3x2

Fig1.3

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ACTIVITY2

TOPIC:Ratiooftheareasoftwosimilartriangles

STATEMENT:Theratiooftheareaoftwosimilartriangleisequaltotheratioofthesquaresoftheir
correspondingsides.

OBJECTIVE:Toverifytheabovestatementthroughactivity.
PREREQUISITEKNOWLEDGE:

1. Theconceptofsimilartriangles.

2. Divisionofalinesegmentintoequalparts.

3. Constructionoflinesparalleltogivenline.

MATERIALREQUIRED:

1. Whitepapersheet

2. Scale/Rubber

3. Paintbox

4. Blackballpointpenorpencil

TOPERFORMTHEACTIVITY:

STEPS:

1. Ontheposterpapersheet,drawtwosimilartriangleABCandDEF.Wehavetheratiooftheir
correspondingsidessameandletashave
AB:DE=BC:EF=CA:FD=5:3

ie,AB/DE=5/3,BC/EF=5/3,CA/FD=5/3,

ieDE=3/5AB,EF=3/5BC,FD=3/5CA

2. DivideeachsideofABCinto5equalpartsandthoseofDEFinto3equalpartsasshowninFig(i)
and(ii).

3. BydrawingparallellinesasshowninFig(i)and(ii).,wehavepartitionABCinto25smaller
triangleofsamesizeandalsoeachsmallertriangleinfig(i)hassamesizeandasthatofthe
smallertrianglefig(ii).

4. PaintthesmallertriangleasshowninFig(i)and(ii)..

OBSERVATION:

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1. AreaofABC=Areaof25smallertriangleinfig(i)=25squareunit

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2.

3.

4.

5.

Whereareaofonesmallertriangleinfig(i)=P(squareunit)

AreaofDEF=AreaofasmallertriangleinFig(ii)=9pwhereareaofonesmallertriangleinfig(ii)=P
squareunits.

AreaofABC=25P=25
AreaofDEF9P9

(AB)2(AB)2 (AB)2 25
(DE)2=(3/5AB2)= 9/25(AB)2=9
Similarly
(BC)225

(CA)225
2=
9and
(FD)2=9
(EF)

Fromsteps(3)and(4),weconcludethat

AreaofABC
(AB)2 (BC)2(CA)2
AreaofDEF = (DE)2= (EF)2= (FD)2
Hencetheratiooftheareasoftwosimilartrianglesisequaltotheratioofthesquaresoftheir
correspondingsides.

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ACTIVITY3

TOPIC:

Trigonometricidentities.

STATEMENT:sin2+cos2=1,00<<900
OBJECTIVE:Toverifytheaboveidentity
PREREQUISITEKNOWLEDGE:Inarightangledtriangle.

Sideoppositetoangle
sin=Hypotenuseofthetriangle

Sideadjacenttoangle
cos=Hypotenuseofthetriangle

MATERIALREQUIRED:
1. Drawingsheet

2. Blackballpointpen

3. Geometrybox

4. Scale

TOPERFORMTHEACTIVITY

Step:

1. Onthedrawingsheet,drawhorizontalrayAX.
2. ConstructanyarbitraryCAX=O(say)
3. ConstructAC=10cm.
4. FromCdrawCBAX.
5. MeasurethelengthsidesofsidesABandBCoftherightangledABC(seefig)
6. WemeasurethatAB=8.4cm(approx)andBC=5.4cm(approx)

OBSERVATION

1. Sin=BC/AC=5.4/10=.54(Approx)
2. Cos=AB/AC=8.4/10=.84(approx)
3. Sin2+cos2=(.54)2+(.84)2

=.2916+.7056
=.9972(Approx)

Ie.Sin2+Cos2isnearlyequalto1.Hencetheidentityisverified.

C
10cm

A
8.4

5.4cm

B x

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ACTIVITY4

Topics:Measureofthecentraltendenciesofadata.

STATEMENT:Wehaveanempiricalrelationshipforstatisticaldataas3xmedian=Mode+2xmean.

OBJECTIVE:Toverifytheabovestatementforadata.

PREREQUISITEKNOWLEDGE:

Methodtofindcentraltendenciesforgroupeddata.

MATERIALREQUIRED:

1. Adataabouttheheightsofstudentsofaclassandarrangedingroupedform.
2. Aballpointpen.
3. Ascale.

TOPERFORMTHEACTIVITY:

Step:

1. Countthenumberofgirlstudentsintheclass.Thenumberis51
2. Recordthedataabouttheirheightincentimeter.
3. Writethedataingroupedformasbelow:

135
140
145
150
155
160
Total
Heightin
140
145
150
155
160
165
noof
cm
girls
Number
4
7
18
11
6
5
51
ofgirls

4. Onthreedifferentsheetsofpaperfindmeanheightonthesheetofpaper,medianheightonthe
secondandthemodalheightonthethirdsheetofpaper.

5. Letusfindmeanbystepdeviationmethod:

.
Fixui
Classof
Frequency
Classmark

U1=
heights(in
p
xi
a=147.5,h=5
cm)
137.5
2
8
135140
4
142.5
1
7
140145
7
147.5
0
0
145150
18
152.5
1
11
150155
11
157.5
2
12
155160
6
162.5
3
13
160165
5
51

51

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Mean=a+hx

=147.5+5x23/51=147.5+115/51

=(147.5+2.255)cm=149.755cm
6. Letusfindmedianofthedata:

Classofheight(in
cm)
135140
140145
145150
150155
155160
160165
Total

Frequencynumberofgirls
4
7
18=f
11
6
5
n

51

Cumulative
frequency
4
11=cf
29
40
46
51

n/2=25.5

wehavemedianclass(145150) itgivesl=145,h=5,f=18,cf=11

median=l+

xh=145+

x5

=145+14.5x5

18
=145+4.028
=149.028cm
7. Letusfindmodeofthedata:

(Modalclass)

Classofheights(incm)
135140
140145
145150
150155
155160
160165
Total

FREQUENCY(NoofGirls)
4
7=f1
18=fm
11=f2
6
5
51

Modalclassis145150
Thusl=145,h=5,fm=18,f1=7,f2=11

Mode=H

xh=145+

x5

=145+55/18=145+3.055
=148.055cm

8. CONCLUSION:

Mean=149.755,median=149.028andmode=148.055
3xmedian=3x149.028=447.084
Mode+2xmean=148.055+2x149.755
=148.055+299.510=447.565

Thuswehaveverifiedthat3xmedian=mode+2xmean(Approx)
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ACTIVITY5

TOPIC:AngleofElevation

OBJECTIVE:Tofindtheangleofelevationofthesunataparticulartimeonasunnyday.

PREREQUISITEKNOWLEDGE:knowledgeoftrigonometricratios.

MATERIALREQUIRED:
1. Ametrerod
2. Measuringtape
3. Tablefortangentofangles.

TOPERFORMTHEACTIVITY:
STEPS:
1. Ontheparticularsunnydayatthegiventime,putthemetrerodonthelevelgroundwithoneendonthe
groundandtheotherverticallyupward.
2. Measurethelengthoftheshadowofthemetrerodfromthebeginningtotheend.Letthelengthofthe
shadowbe58cm=0.58m.
3. Thelengthofthemetrerod=1mor100cm.

OBSERVATION:
1. Ifbetheangleofelevationofthesunatthegivenmoment,thenwehavethefollowingfigureonasheet
ofpaperbytakingasuitablescale.
2. FromtherightangleOMPdrawninfigure,wehave
1.724

Tan =
Tan=3(approx.)
i.e.tan=tan60o
=60o

Hence,therequiredangleofelevationofthesunis60o.Forbetterresult,wecantakethehelpofthetable
oftangentofangles.

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ACTIVITY6

TOPICProbabilityofeventsofarandomexperiment.

STATEMENT:ForaneventEofarandomexperiment,P(notE)=1P(E).

OBJECTIVE:Toverifytheabovestatementbytossingthreecoinsofdifferentdenominationssimultaneouslyforhead
andtail.EventEhappensifwegetatleasttwoheadsandtheeventnotEhappensifwedonotgettwoormorethan
twoheads.

PREREQUISITEKNOWLEDGE:
1. Probabilityofanevent:NumberofoutcomewhichfavourthehappeningoftheeventE
Totalnumberofoutcome
2. EventnotEhappenswhentheoutcomeisnotfavourablefortheeventEtohappen.

TOPERFORMTHEACTIVITY:
STEPS:
1. Takethreefaircoinsofdifferentdenominationsandtossthesecoinssimultaneously.
2. Weimagingaboutthepossibleoutcomesasbelow.
HHH,HHT,HTH,THH,HTT,TTH,TTT
i.e.therecanbe8possibleoutcomes
favourableoutcomestotheeventEare
HHH,HHT,HTH,THH
ThenP(E)=4/8=
Now,favourableoutcomestotheeventnotEareHTT,THT,TTH,TTT
ThenP(notE)=1=1P(E)

3. Repeatingaboverandomexperiment,werecordtheobservationof20trialsasbelow:
NumberofHeads:

0
1
2
3
Numberoftimesoutof20trials:
4
7
5
4
4. Fromtableinstep3,weobservethatfor2headsorfor3heads,theeventEhappensi.e.thereare5+4=9
chancesoutof20whichfavourE
Thus,wehaveP(E)=
Alsoweobservethatfor0headorfor1headtheeventnotEhappens.Thereare4+7=11chancesoutof20
whichfavournotE.
So,P(notE)=11/20=19/20=1P(E).

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