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Introduction:
Excellence, best performance, knowledge, connections, success are what everybody is wishing
for. In the business world, time is money and Internet has immensely helped in realizing great
business achievements. Back in the old day's one single facsimile could have changed the future
of a company now it could be changed with one single email. A letter could make or break great
friendships, now networks could make worldwide gatherings. Imagine having the world at your
fingertips, the Internet has made it possible and now it has become an indispensable necessity in
life.
Table of Contents
Sn.
Topic
Page
Computer ergonomics
15
Moving into the computer era, the first computers were not sold along with their keyboards;
modified typewriters were used for this purpose, and were usually converted manually by
users.Apple, Radio Shack and Commodore foresaw the market potential for computer keyboards,
and started manufacturing their own. The notion that all computers come with keyboards and
that a keyboard is the standard input device was then developed. Over the years, keyboards
evolved to what we see and use today.
2. Computer Ergonomics
The study of ergonomics is a very pivotal and crucial discipline in the design and
implementation of computer systems, ergonomics are concerned with the design and
implementation of computer systems, layout and design (In terms of hardware and software) in a
manner that ensures the healthiest and most comfortable way for the user.
Have you ever wondered about why your toothbrush has some dents on the handle? Have you
wondered even why does the steering wheel in your car has a grip for the hand? These are all
ergonomics to ensure user's comfort.
If you look at the curves and dimensions of the keyboard, you will be able to clearly see why are
they in place. Having keyboards and products in general that are ergonomically designed ensures
that you avoid computer use injuries. To better know about the ergonomics of each product,
always read the manual that comes with the product in which you will be able to see clearly how
the designer ensures that his design adheres to the rules of computer ergonomics.
Colemak Layout
Developed by Shai Coleman, this layout did not receive as much popularity as the previous two.
Improve accuracy
Save time
Increase productivity
Adham wants to learn Keyboarding Skills. His mind works very fast and his hands cannot keep
up to that speed. He wants to learn to type faster and follow the method for typing. He wants to
learn the placement of alphabets on the keyboard and which finger he is to use for which
alphabet. Before Adham can begin typing there are some basic points he must keep in mind.
Adham learns that in the same way the direction of the right forefinger, middle, ring and small
fingers is similar to that of the left hand. The difference being the side on which it rests. The
right hand is responsible for the following home keys:
10
Here is something that Adham needs to bear in mind, he will come across a number of times
where his fingers cannot extend to keys without moving from the initial set position, in such
cases it is always alright to move his hand just a little bit to reach out to certain keys like the
number keys, special keys like the alt, windows, escape and function keys. His level of
comfort and the ease with which he can return to the initial position is something that he needs to
work on.
Similarly on the right side, Adhams index would jump up to fetch the U for umbrella, the
middle would eye the I for item, the ring will run for an O for Oscar and the little finger will
strike the P for pool.
To further graduate Adham needs to get a hold of keys hidden under his palm, below the home
keys and the left and right fingers shall stoop to grab the following keys respectively.
Left-hand Right hand
Little finger left hand --- Z
Little finger right hand --- M
Ring finger left hand --- X
Ring finger right hand --- ,
Middle finger left hand --- C
Middle finger right hand --- .
Index finger left hand --- V
Index finger right hand --- /
11
Adham learns that the quotes and the apostrophe, are housed in the same key which can
always be reached by the right little finger in an extended position
He sees that the shift keys that are placed diagonally to the home keys can also be considered to
be sister keys of the home keys that always be operated by the left and the right little finger.
Now Adham goes higher up the deck and sees the bunch of number keys starting from 1 to 0
which can be assigned to each of the fingers of the left and the right hand as per rubric, where he
can consider the value of 0 to be equivalent to 10
Adham learns that Brackets come in three pairs and these include the angular brackets, the
square brackets and the curly brackets.
12
He sees the angular brackets are above the comma and period, the square brackets are
housed to the right of the alphabets in the upper row and he sees the curly brackets are on the
same keys as that of the square brackets that can be used by holding the shift key.
Adham sees that there is yet another set of brackets, the round brackets that are on the last two
numerical keys i.e. 9 and 0 respectively
Adham learns to get to the symbols which are housed in the numerical keys is a matter of
practice and these can be used by holding the shift and then the corresponding numerical key.
Adham learns that the math keys that do play an important role are located to the right of the
numerical keys and these symbols include: -, +.
The divisor symbol Adham sees is located to the right of the square brackets keys that can be
reached by extending the right little finger.
The duplicates of these keys are also present as an independent set of keys with the numerical on
a desktop QWERTY keyboard.
13
Well, Adham has reached the end of the learning curve; there are two fundamental keys that play
a crucial role in documenting that is the backspace and the delete key, keys that you wouldnt
prefer to use at regular interval during your typing practice.
These are keys whose presence Adham should blissfully ignore during the practice, for hed
rather go slow and steady and emphasize on efficiency than use these keys to correct his typing.
Adham must remember practice makes perfect and its always better he practice to being
perfect!!!
Adham is happy once again as he has learnt to follow the method in typing. Now its typing
practice time.
14
Shortcut
Function
F1
Ctrl+C (or Ctrl+Insert)
Ctrl+X
Ctrl+V (or Shift+Insert)
Ctrl+Z
Ctrl+Y
Delete (or Ctrl+D)
Shift+Delete
F2
Ctrl+Right Arrow
Ctrl+Left Arrow
Ctrl+Down Arrow
Ctrl+Up Arrow
Ctrl+Shift with an arrow key
Shift with any arrow key
Ctrl with any arrow key+Spacebar
Ctrl+A
F3
Alt+Enter
Alt+F4
Alt+Spacebar
Ctrl+F4
Alt+Tab
Ctrl+Alt+Tab
Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel
Windows logo key
+Tab
+Tab
Display Help
Copy the selected item
Cut the selected item
Paste the selected item
Undo an action
Redo an action
Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle
Bin first
Rename the selected item
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
Select a block of text
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop,
or select text within a document
Select multiple individual items in a window or on the
desktop
Select all items in a document or window
Search for a file or folder
Display properties for the selected item
Close the active item, or exit the active program
Open the shortcut menu for the active window
Close the active document
Switch between open items
Use the arrow keys to switch between open items
Change the size of icons on the desktop
Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip
3-D
Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the
taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D
Cycle through items in the order in which they were
opened
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the
desktop
Display the address bar list in Windows Explorer
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
Open the Start menu
Display the corresponding menu
Alt+underlined letter
F10
Right Arrow
Left Arrow
F5 (or Ctrl+R)
Alt+Up Arrow
Esc
Ctrl+Shift+Esc
Shift when you insert a CD
Left Alt+Shift
Ctrl+Shift
Right or Left Ctrl+Shift
Name:
Date
16
Speed
Accuracy