COMBUSTION STOICHIOMETRY: 4. STOICIOMCTRY RELATIONS 2. CONSERVATION OF MASS PRINCIPLES 3, THEORETICAL AND ACTUAL COMBUSTION PROCESSES: 4, CALCULATION OF AIR-FUEL RATIO FOR A FUEL OF KNOWN COMBUSTION 5. CALCULATION OF FLUE GAS COMPOSITION OF FUEL AND EXCESS AIR SUPPLIED FROM EXHAUST GAS ANALYSIS 6. COMBUSTION CALCULATION WITH SUB-STOICHIOMETRY AIR 7, CALCULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR MOISTURE 8. DEW POINT TEMPERATURE OF THE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS: 9, FLUE GAS ANALYSIS 10. BOILER PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS CHAPTER 7 Combustion Process (Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics) 74 Combustion Stoichiometry : General Ze combustible elements in solid and liquid fuels are carbon, hydrogen and sulphur, The Kombustble components of gaseous fuels are hydrogen, carbon monoxide, mehare and unsturaed hydrocarbons, Higher parafins may be present in some fuel suchas LPO, [eure water gs, fusls obtained from oil gasification and gases fom low eniernes Kertonion of coal and tignite. The average moleclarfommla of partis preset wey be assumed as: Gas Hg for low temp. coal gas fd, CHa, for carbueted water gas and oil gas ‘The compenon of tho wired hydrocarbons may vary from gs to ga. The following erage molecular formule are representative: GH, for producer gas tom coal |, Gita fo low temperature coal gas and vertical retort coal gas fel Ca for coke oven gas, horizontal retort coal gs, abused ater gas and ol ‘The combustibles undergo complete combustion by well-defined overall chemical reactions: Solid and liquid fuels : C+0, =co, 1 2834 0,= 10 S40, =50, | Gaseous fuels: 1 Wet 1 co +4 | CH, + 20, Baa + 4 0, = nCO, + (n+DHO218 Fuels and Combustion GH + 0+ 8) 0, = 100, + 8 40 Unsaraes en of Oe stor ecm is on impo ‘Temember the following points; ae Ns ’ on hi ube Gre ttn ts oe a eared ons dn ee mat Dt gu oben ate ns Src ern Ua ge pe Oca aA ty oe ne Gaul = ethon + fyergen Sang stv + oye + ur + a = WeCstertN soe. Sc te eed compesion fm ee 1 ce ig POH nay ne, gg ial mate — ash fempecaure and (ii) The comy ite een al Seat SiS a Orsat_analysis, f ig coon eo fre Poe. Se feat nerve pre combustion of the fuel using theoretical air greet ae Seinen sa mc tea Sea nc gre ie combustion of the fesidual combustibles. ge of callin plete the com 0) Exec Perceutor traction When a flue gas to inefficient com equired for th (Hi) Useful basis 10 Ko sd oa and 885 as the case may be, i te Process (Stoichiometry and Thermodynamics) 219 ‘Combustion Process (Soi nitrogen. 3.76 oye omg Lon a 46 or toa 979 ses ar Troe ic = 290 lar weight of dry, CO,fee (ix) Average mol pas air_used (2) Excessair factor = “Theoretical air 'ALSO per cent excess ait, the value of the factor is 1.5 cs a ‘! ‘ ‘of combustion stoic 72 The following examples illustrate the principles of cor Fone a sah from fl anabee end air pei 2. fl ee ma st i wn hw 26 te me 7 “ Be ne Hl el Pe ne ee nO fe coulis’ wh what she capaci ofthe i ower se es Bae. r-dried coal. The steps are: epee = eas sis is converted from da.f. to air-dried basis by multiplying “ee ir zht or atomic ee eee a Si be pees eH na sce "neo erent ater deducing the oxygen of We fl ses i means SE oneal ‘are also cafulated from the. Se cs oy ecomptin po wn hat ne Cr pees se tue eacaleed. values in’ each’ tep'are ei220 Fuels and Combustion Volume of combusion products at 25°C and 1 atm keno! x 224 x 2734250, THe ~ 7100 air-dried coat = 4044 x 224 x 523 Ti = 1740 m/100 ke air-dried coat Flow rate of the fue gas 1740 2 ae 100. * 3775 250 *-G5~ 870 mfnin 273 * “100 = 485 m/min 500 m/min Flue gas anaiysis (Problem 1) Conponenis nol Ciel iia a as proticed “ay (nar ani) co, aa 1206 50, War! O° pera , 01 ons é ine per cet a, 2n en 1 2 prods, to sas 7690 0d vlad Ne Ho 20 si : mip by 40. eee oo sig M055 Teal cry 106 e005 Aitfuel ratio by we, mal theor. 0, x 4.76'x excess sit faci X mol. wt of air 5 100 i air-dried coat 544 x 4.76 ¥ 15 x 29 01 ose ow ons 83 Male As ‘Toul 7a O05 ec 2 00 an 4x05 «272) cen te oral Exess 0,050 per 3070 3070 3075 54431615307) eft 376 ene ed (Theor ©, frm wali sp 2 20 00 a7