I.

THEORETICAL INTRODUCTION

For a rigid body to be in static equilibrium two requirements must be met

simultaneously, called equilibrium conditions. The first equilibrium condition is
Newton's First Law, which guarantees equilibrium of traslation. The second
equilibrium condition corresponds to equilibrium of rotation, is stated as follows:
"the vector sum of all external moments acting on a rigid body around any origin
is zero. " This results in the following two equations, considered as the
equilibrium conditions of a rigid body:
First Equilibrium condition:

F x =0

Second Equilibrium condition:

F y =0

M =0

The study of the equilibrium of a rigid body consists basically in knowing all the
forces, including the pairs acting on it to maintain that state. Will be analyzed
the external forces acting on the body, that is, the forces that other bodies,
united or in contact with it exercise. These forces are the forces applied by
contact, the weight and the reactions of the supports. The applied forces and
the weight in general are known, then the study of the balance consists
basically in the determination of the reactions. The geometric conditions
required to maintain the body in equilibrium can also be studied.

II.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

General Objective: Study the equilibrium conditions necessary to keep

a mast and boom combination in balance while applying load to the
system.

Problem:
o Experiment 1: Operation of a Mast-Boom system.
o Experiment 2: Operation of a Beam-Load system

Hypothesis:
o Experiment 1: Reaction forces and stress forces are dependent on
the load to maintain the static balance of the structure.

o Experiment 2: The balance of the beam depends on the position

of the loads. And the reactions in the supports also depends on
the load
VARIABLES

III.

Direct variables
Length of each element of
the structure
Loads
Stresses

Indirect variables
Reactions
Moments

21 cm
62 cm

T2
24 cm

T1
Load
30 cm

IV.

DESIGN

First Experiment

To perform the experiment, we must assamble the following arrangement of the

structure with the given elements and the stress meters.

Materials:

Elements of the structure (beams)

Dynamometers
Ropes
Weight holder
Loads / Weights

Experimental procedure:

Assemble the structure with elements, ropes, dynamometers and the

weight holder.
Make sure the strings are tensioned.
Measure the lengths of the mast and boom formed in the structure.
Place weights and record the data of the stresses on the strings given by
the dynamometers.
During the download remove the weights and record the voltages.
Perform theoretical analysis and compare with experimental data.
Graph load vs. voltage for both analyzes and compare them.

Second Experiment

Materials:

Experimental procedure:

V.

PROCEDURE
First Experiment

Second Experiment

Results obtained using DaqView

program
Y (mV)

Load (g)

-0.00261

0.00381
-0.00514
-0.00626

400
805
1210

-0.00789

1625

-0.00629

1210

-0.00512

805

-0.00393
0.00259

400
0

Experimental data to find conversion

factor of mV to kg
N
1
2
3

Process

Charge

Y (mV)
-0.00385
-0.00511
-0.00627

Calculation of the conversion factor.

Y 2Y 1=1.26103
3

Discharge

Average conversion factor:

1 mV =

to 805 g

Y 3Y 2=1.16103

to 400 g

317460.32+332644.63+344827.59
=332
3

Experimental procedure

Applying method for conversion of mV to kg:

o Charge process
1.

( 0.003810.00261 )

mV 332 kg
=0.398
1 mV

2.

( 0.005140.00261 )

mV 332 kg
=0.839 kg
1 mV

3.

( 0.006260.00261 )

mV 332 kg
=1.212
1 mV

kg

4.

( 0.007890.00261 )

mV 332 kg
=1.753
1mV

kg

o Discharge process

to 400 g

Y 3Y 1=2.4210

kg

Load (g)
400
805
1210

kg

1.

( 0.006290.00259 )

mV 332 kg
=1.228
1 mV

kg

2.

( 0.005120.00259 )

mV 332 kg
=0.839
1mV

kg

3.

( 0.003930.00259 )

mV 332 kg
=0.445 kg
1 mV

RBy experimental. Average between charge and discharge processes

1. With 0.400 kg; RBy = 0.422 kg
2. With 0.805 kg; RBy = 0.839 kg

4. With 1.210 kg; RBy = 1.220 kg

5. With 1.625 kg; RBy = 1.753 kg

3.

6.
Theoretical procedure
7. FBD
95 cm
8.

W
9.

83 cm

10.

12.

RAy

RBy

11.
+ Mc=0
:

-83RBY + 95w = 0

RBY = 1.146w

13. RBy experimental. Average between charge and discharge processes

1.
2.
3.
4.

With 0.400 kg; RBy = 0.458 kg

With 0.805 kg; RBy = 0.922 kg
With 1.210 kg; RBy = 1.387 kg
With 1.625 kg; RBy = 1.862 kg
5.
6.

Reaction vs Charge Graph

2
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

0.4

0.80500000000000005
RBy Theorical

7.

1.21

RBy experiment

1.625

8.
VI.

STATISTICS FOR ANALYSIS

9.
First Experiment
10.
11.


12.
13.

Second Experiment

VII.

CONCLUSIONS