International Journal of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJCSEE) Volume 2, Issue 2 (2014) ISSN 23204028 (Online)

A Fuzzy Logic Based Approach for Fault

Classification in Power Transformer System
Calorin. Danial, Dr. Saman. Abdullah, and Ari. Abdulrahman

II. CITED WORKS

In 1993, a work has been proposed by James J. Dukarm to
detect and classify faults of power transformers[1]. The author
was depended on some analytical theory using fuzzy method to
analyze Dissolved gas for define and classify faults.
Because some faults in transformers are occurred internally, an
work has been achieved by two researchers (Satish and
Santosh) on 1998 to detect the inter fault based on impulses
tests [2]. They were depended on wave analysis techniques,
where responses from have been analyzed to detect internal
faults. New method has been modeled by Yann-chan Huan on
1999. The author has proposed an evolutionary based neural
network to improve models that depend on Dissolved gas
analysis (DGA) [3]. Other researches (Hongzhong at all) have
designed an approach based on IEC three ration methods to
detect external faults. They utilized fuzzy - three ration
method to avoid classical three ratio method [4]. More
researchers are utilized fuzzy logic for fault identification and
classification recently [5, 6]. They showed the ability of fuzzy
technique in detection and classification faults.

Abstract Power transformers are one of the most important

equipment of power system. Fault diagnosis of transformers plays an
active role in power system monitoring and control that ensures a
stable and continuous electrical power supply to consumers. This
project introduces a fuzzy logic which can handle imprecise vague
and uncertainly based fault diagnosis system (FDS) for power
transformers. The system is designed to detect, localize and finally
classify faults. The performance of fault diagnosis system is evaluated
using three phase primary voltages and currents and three phase
secondary voltages and currents and negative sequence components
values. Using the computer program MATLAB, a 500Kv network is
taken as an example. A laboratory simulation transmission line
system in the transmission line laboratory was taken as a practical
example for testing this system; line voltage of this system is 220Kv.
The results proof effectiveness of the system for fault diagnosis, more
than 95%.
faults

identification

and

I. INTRODUCTION

OWER transformer is major component of power system

which has no substitute for its major role. Therefore,
failure of a power transformer may cause a break in power
supply and loss of profits. Hence, it is vital to detect failures in
power transformers as early as possible, in order, to switch
them safely and improve the reliability of power system. The
monitoring and diagnostic techniques of power transformer,
therefore, have attracted considerable attention of many years.
In this work, a transmission system has been simulated with
different types of faults that might be occurred on the primary
and secondary terminals of transforms. This work applied the
obtained results on fuzzy logic model that design for faults
identification and classification.

III. FUZZY SYSTEM FOR FAULT DETECTION

(INTERNAL FAULTS)
A. System information
Through using of Matlab/Simulink software, a power system
with (500KV) has been simulated. The system has one power
generation with a three phase power transformer (three single
line transformers connected in Y/Yg base), and transmission
lines with loads. Table 1, shows all information about the
simulated system.
As mentioned in Fig. 1, the transmissions line starts at HD500
in the source side and ends at CA500 in receiving side. The
overall length of transmission line is 788 KM.
Feeding
Source

S= 200 MVA
V= 13.8 KV
f= 50 Hz

Calorin, Danial is an academic staff member in Software Engineering

Department

Engineering
Faculty

Koya
University.
(caroline.yousif@koyauniversity.org)
Dr. Saman. Abdullah is an academic staff member in Software
Engineering Department Engineering Faculty Koya University. He is also
the head of Higher Education and Scientific Affair Unit. He is a member in
IEEE since 2010. (sama.mirza@koyauniversity.org)
Ari, Abdurrahman is an academic staff member in Software Engineering
Department Engineering Faculty Koya University. Email
( ari.arif@koyauniversity.org)

92

TABLE I
SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND THEIR DETAILS
Transformer
Transmission
Loads
Data
Line Length
S= 200 MVA,
HD500 =10.32+j103.32
15.75 /
NH500 =198.3+j132.17
500YKV
AS500= 85.12+j42.56
R1=0.0024806,
SA500= 45.44+j40.89
R2=0.8329,
CA500 =157.43+j107.6
X1=0.006,
X2=1.67,
Rm=620.16,
X==619.836
HD to NH= 235 Km
NH to AS= 183.6 Km
AS to SAM=160 Km
SAM to CA=209 Km

KeywordsPower transformer,
classification, fuzzy logic.

International Journal of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJCSEE) Volume 2, Issue 2 (2014) ISSN 23204028 (Online)

HD15.75

HD500
T.L1

NH500

AS500 SAM500 CA500

T.L2

T.L3

T.L4

Load1

Load2

Load3

Load4

Load5

Fig. 1 The simulated power system

Fig. 2 The Fuzzy based fault detection system

B. Fault Detection
Faults have been detected based on monitoring the negative
sequence voltage (Va2) and negative sequence current (Ia2) at
the primary side of the transformer, beside the peak value of
current at each phase. The value of (Ia2) current at balanced
state of the system is close to zero; however, its value will be
increase when the system becomes unbalanced. Likewise, the
peak value of current at each phase increases by three folds
when fault occurred at (1%) of total turns, and to five folds
when fault reaches 5%. Table-2 shows a part of records
concerned the relation between the value of negative sequence
of current and voltage with peak values and the percentage of
fault related to turns on phase (A) only. There are same
records for the phases (B) and (C).
TABLE II
PART OF NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OF CURRENT AND TYPE OF FAULTS
Peak Current Peak Current Peak Current Faults
Va2
Ia2
at phase (A)
at phase (A)
at phase (A)
0
0
307.2
307.2
307.2
N
1482
354.8
307.2
307.2
307.2
1%
2195
525.6
1198
411.4
830.7
2%
2613
625
1387
488.5
929.6
3%
2886
691
1511
541.9
994.4
4%
3079
737.2
1598
580.6
1040
5%

Fig. 3 The membership functions for input and output of fuzzy

system

Through this system, we can define the area that fuzzy

system can work to detect faults and classify them, as shown in
the Fig.5.

C. Fuzzy in fault detection

Fig.2, is the fuzzy system that has been designed for each
phases of A, B and C. At each phase, three inputs have been
applied; the first is the value of negative sequence of voltage
which maps to a one of the five membership functions (N,
M.N, M, H, V.H). The range of the Va2 is (0-4000) Volta.
The second input is negative value of current, which maps to
same membership function. However, it has different range (0900) Amp. The third value is primary current value, which
maps to same membership function with different range (02000) Amp.
The output of this system has 11 functions which represent
faults over (0-12) ranges as mentioned in the Fig.2. Moreover,
Fig.3 shows how input values over each membership functions
are mapped and how the output could be obtained.
Fig. 4 membership function distribution for 2% short-circuit over
primary turn of phase A

93

International Journal of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJCSEE) Volume 2, Issue 2 (2014) ISSN 23204028 (Online)

TABLE III
PART OF NEGATIVE SEQUENCE OF CURRENT AND EXTERNAL FAULTS
Peak Current at
Faults
Va2
Ia2
phase (A)
0
325.4
319.6
318.3
6211
6180

0
78.08
84.36
68.98
1606
1469

307.2
5031
3397
3850
4280
307.4

N
AG
BG
CG
AB
BC

N=Normal, AG=Phase A- Ground Fault, BG=Phase B- to Phase G Fault,

CG=Phase C- to- Phase G fault, AB= Phase A- Phase B Fault, BC=Phase B
to Phase C fault, .

B. Fuzzy detection based system (External Faults)

The Fig.7 shows the design and graphical user interface for
the fuzzy system that utilized for external fault detection and
classification. The model consists of three inputs (Fig.8); the
first is negative sequence of voltage (Va2) which has the range
(0-7000) over four types of member functions (N, M, H, V.H).
The second input is negative sequence of current (Ia2) which
has a range (0-1800) over six membership functions (N, NN,
N.M, N.H, M, H, V.H). The third input is the current of a
phase which has ranges over (0-6000) with membership
functions (N, M.N, N.H, M, H, V.H). The output of this
system has nine membership functions which represent the
types of faults that this system can detect and classify.

Fig. 5 Area where Fuzzy system can detect and classify

IV. FUZZY SYSTEM FOR FAULT DETECTION

(EXTERNAL FAULTS)
A. Fault Detection
To detect and classify the external faults, this work depends
on negative sequence value of (Va2) and negative sequence
value of (Ia2) and the phase current, as a part of these records
mentioned in Table-3. Fig. 6 shows the signals of current and
voltage how they are normal, and when a fault detected how
the shop is changed. The figure shows three cases, normal, AB
fault, and ABC fault.

Fig. 7 The design and graphical user interface

Fig. 6 Relation between signals and type of external faults

Fig. 8 Membership functions of Fuzzy system

94

International Journal of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (IJCSEE) Volume 2, Issue 2 (2014) ISSN 23204028 (Online)

Mapping inputs over the membership functions can be

illustrated in Fig.9, however, the surface three dimensions for
the area that the fuzzy system can detect and classify is
illustrated in Fig. 10.

REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

[3]
[4]

[5]

[6]

Fig. 9 Membership function distribution for 2% short-circuit over

primary turn of the phase A

Fig. 10 The three dimensions surface for the fuzzy based detection
and classification system

V. CONCLUSION
This project presented the ability of fuzzy logic system to
detect and classify faults in power transformers. The work
found the fuzzy system can read negative sequence value for
voltage and current with a current on a specific phase to detect
if there is a fault or not. Moreover, it can classify the fault
according to their values.

95

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