1.

INTRODUCTION
In an industry most of the machine down time is only associated with system
malfunctioning which arises may be because the poor designing of the system to
sustain the effect of vibration under the impact of different loading condition, system
design for poor damping system to absorb the shocks and vibrations. The phenomenon
of vibration further leads to induce the misalignment in between various parts of the
machine components. This misalignment causes the machine parts damage due to
eccentric part motion and mechanism malfunctioning which would create the final
impact on test result or machine system output for which that particular system is
designed for. For the sake of avoiding such mishaps during machine component
working it is mandatory to eliminate or reduce the impact of vibration on such
machine components. Magnitude of vibration depends on various factors belongs to
the system itself which produces the impact on vibration, few of them can be listed as
poor design of the system to absorbs the shock and vibrations acting on, lack of
provision of the system with damper to absorbs the shocks and vibration impact,
material stiffness, material property of modulus of elasticity etc.
The adverse effect of vibration can be studied out in terms of huge suspension bridges,
automobile vehicle etc. If natural frequency of vibration of the system matches with
external frequency of vibration it causes the Resonance and there after the system
would vibrates with that magnitude of force which will leads its failure finally.
Whenever the question of human safety will be the primary consideration given in the
designing of any structure or application the study of the pattern of vibration (Parallel
or Perpendicular) induced with respect to magnitude of external load applied or speed
of rotation of the system becomes an important criterion in the designing of that
particular system type.
The intensity of vibration can be calculated by finding out maximum RMS value for
that particular system using peak and valley methodology. While analyzing the effect
of vibration the pattern of vibration considered mainly are parallel and perpendicular.
Wind Tunnel is the type of system invented for various prototypes testing to study out
the pattern of vibration induced inside of it and there corresponding impact on system
by the time of actual operation. The air passing through wind tunnel would vibrate the
system under the consideration (Analysis) and the action of external frequency of
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
1

vibration and hence it helps further to quantify the impact of vibration and its
respective effects. Ideally the system under examination is supposed to acted upon by
the vibration effect induced by wind passes through tunnel with high velocity but the
vibration induced in rotor due to its rotation and vibration that caused by bearing
rotation are few of the factors which induces the additional pattern of vibration and
leading the system result to divert from the mean one by huge amount. So under such
circumstances it would be gone very difficult to predict the exact impact of vibration
produced under the impact of wind passes through tunnel. So reducing of the vibration
impact that caused mainly by rotation of the rotor and bearing will be the objective of
this undertaken project work. Due to the long length of structure encompasses it tends
to induce the additional vibration in the structure so experimental investigation have
also undertaken to minimize that length to reduce the effect of vibration or by keeping
the length of structure constant alternatively suggested to improve the system stiffness
with provision given for additional supports.
"The scope and applicability of the wind tunnel in prototype testing can be studied
under the following examples of the case studies given from different research papers.
Experiment, Analysis and Evaluation Techniques to Protect Structures from
windstorms and Massive Earthquakes [1]: Various type of bridge structure as shown
below are subjected to massive impact of air and tide after the frequent interval of
time. The prototype testing of such structure would assures the parameters information
about maximum load sustaining capacity and maximum vibration frequency the
structure can be withstand for. The prototype testing in related to such parameters will
be carried out in the invented technique as discusses above Wind Tunnel.

Fig(1.1): Curved beam bridge structure under the impact of vibration []

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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2. LITERATURE SURVEY

1. [Mansi Singh et al.] In the Research Paper titled Review of Design and
Construction of an Open Circuit Low Speed Wind Tunnel discussed about
effectiveness and methodology of the Wind tunnel used in the testing and
analyzing the prototype model which would turn soon as a real life model or
application. The test result obtained through experiment conduction would
apply in the equal proportion of the vastness of real life model will be. Wind
Tunnel is an effective methodology used to do aerodynamic analysis for the
system which will be put under the impact of high velocity wind or fluid
impact on the structure with uncertainty in the magnitude and volume of
impact.
2. [Kashif Javed

] in the research paper titled Design & Construction of

subsonic wind Tunnel focus on two dimensional contraction cone profile using
sixth order polynomial discussed about Design and optimization of the Wind
Tunnel system with main consideration given up for the design of contraction
cone for smooth and frictionless flow of the air through it. Frictionless air or
fluid flow through wind tunnel will assure about correct test result without
considering the adverse effect of friction losses or alike so any thus helping to
steer up the test result to the mean prcised value as do expected.
3. [James H. Bell and Rabindra D. Mehta] Contraction design for small lowspeed wind tunnels, Wind flow through tunnel would analyze for pressure
distribution pattern and their corresponding impact on the experimental study.
The effect of wind flow on the wall of tunnel in the form of pressure
distribution is studied out and suggested an appropriate geometrical shape for
contraction cone for smooth operation/experimental conduction to obtain the
satisfy test result. The proposed polynomial geometrical shape of the
contraction cone would satisfy all the operation requirements and need as per
quoted by ISO design standards.
4. [Louis Cattafesta and Jose Mathew] in there research paper titled
Fundamentals of Wind-Tunnel Design stated Manual algorithms has been put
forth to make an experimental investigation and to proposed new optimized
design parameters for the sake of implementation by the time of designing the
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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final wind tunnel system. The methodology basically consider the impact of all
parameters those are supposed to be responsible and associates with the
performance of wind tunnel which would be simply impossible to insert or
considered by the time of analysis with methodologies like CFD or any
standard computerized techniques.Manual effect of all the respective
parameters those tending to impact the performance behavior of wind tunnel
system are considered and hence helps to achieve the test result in most precise
and appropriate way.
5. [Tomar Vishvendra Singh and Sangwan Vipul et al.] Design, Analytical
Analysis, Instrumentation and Flow Simulation of Sub-Sonic Open Circuit
Wind Tunnel Model mentioned the Design of the wind tunnel to save cost,
material and the time required in its design has been focused in the research
work undertaken and explained through this paper. Apart to this the
dimensional and structural stability of the wind tunnel system is also
considered and implemented through this design work. Not only the unwanted
vibration pattern but also the material of wind tunnel their stability,
dimensional stability plays the important role in the carrying out the testing on
prototype model through wind tunnel technology. So focusing the various
parameters apart from pattern of vibration induced and magnitude of forces
acting have been considered and implemented for optimized and stable wind
tunnel structure.
6. [Millan Valajinac]in the thesis report Design, construction and evaluation of
subsonic wind tunnel given the correlation between optimized wind tunnel
design and respective test result obtained (Feasible and Valid) are compared
and discussed. Best and optimized design of wind tunnel best will be the
respective test result obtained and supposed to valid, applicable and long
reliable.
7. [R D Mehata and P.Bradshaw] in there technical notes for Design rule for
small low speed wind tunnel given the standard procedure that needs to be
follow by the time of wind tunnel design and implementation is been discussed
in this paper. The important parameters sighted are direction and nature of the
flow of wind tunnel, design of blades, cross sectional area of the diffuser and
contraction cone etc.The aspects in the design mainly to be focused will be the

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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function of type of system required for the prototype testing and result
obtaining.
8. [Kenan Yuce et al.]in the research paper titled Vibration analysis and
mistuned blade system, focused on the vibration impact produced under the
phenomenon of the mistuning of blades would result in the blade failure in
catastrophic manner under the effect of failure due to fatigue loading and hence
elaborates the possibility of whole system collapse afterwards. Minimization
the magnitude of vibration induced in tunnels blades will not only enhances the
part reliability of the blade system but also restrict the induction of unwanted
vibration effect that would divert the final test result by add them with
unwanted error impact.
2.1

Overall

conclusion

drawn

from

the

literature

survey

and

corresponding design-optimization method suggested for the prototype

model and system under consideration:
The design of wind tunnel for optimized area of its test cross section, area of
the cross section at end diffuser, optimization in the area of lateral contraction
cone, material utilization, power saving, kind of installation methodology used,
elimination of vibration from disc and wind tunnel by the time of passing the
air with unpredictable volume and velocity are few of the design aspects and
parameters which are focused through various research work and experimental
investigations done till date and as per discussed in literature survey and
review.
The proposed project work will be undertaken in the domain of reduction in the
magnitude of vibration induced in the system that radially available with an
organization. The proposed design changes would implemented through the
prototype model manufactured and put forth for the conduction of experiment
with set of parameters as discussed in the case of current model of wind tunnel
available with parent organization. The test result obtained in both the cases
will be studied out in terms of magnitude of vibration induced and eliminated
mainly.

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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3. PROJECT OVERVIEW
Wind tunnel setup is used for testing the prototype models which are going to
serve in the nature. The models of bridge, airplane etc. are tested in the wind
tunnel. The result obtained is studied and corrective measures are applied to the
model which ultimately helps to sustain it.
Literature Review
The wind tunnel is long structure which is having four different section namely
fan, contraction zone, test section, diffuser. Fan induced the wind with high
velocity which then ultimately converted to high pressure due to contraction
zone.in test section the model is kept for testing. Then the wind with high pressure
is exhausted by passing it through diffuser cone.
Wind is induced with high velocity the structure is under vibration. The vibration
induced in the equipment causing to deviate result from the standard result. The
prediction of the results deviation leads to failure of the model.
Design Consideration
In this section different aspects are considered for reduction of the vibration in the
wind tunnel. Stiffness, strength, cost are main consideration while reducing the
vibration in the wind tunnel.
Experimental Result
The vibration pattern is been observe for current system and it is compared with
results with isolator.
Future scope
In the next stage another parameters like change in the modifications in the parts,
change in the material etc. are proposed for reduction of the vibrations.

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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4. DESIGN COSIDERATIONS
For reducing the vibration of the wind tunnel system we have to consider different
aspects. Wind tunnel is equipment in which wind introduction causes vibration. for
reduction of vibration isolator material, design modification like change in the dia
meter of shaft, selection of the bearing, optimized shape of the section are important
etc.
Sometimes the strength required of an element in a system is an important factor in the
determination of the geometry and the dimensions of the element. In such a situation
we say that strength is an important design consideration. When we use the expression
design consideration, we are referring to some characteristic that influences the design
of the element or, perhaps, the entire system. Usually quite a number of such
characteristics must be considered and prioritized in a given design situation. Many of
the important ones are as follows (not necessarily in order of importance): Some of
these characteristics have to do directly with the dimensions, the material, the
processing, and the joining of the elements of the system. Several characteristics may
be interrelated, which affects the configuration of the total system.
1. Strength/stress
In this structure wind is flowing through it with high velocity thus the force
acted on the material is more.so while designing the wind tunnel the material is
the main factor for consideration. The material should be with high stiffness
and high strength. The material should withstand for the high vibration.
2. Functionality
This is another important aspect while designing the wind tunnel.in the wind
tunnel we are going to design prototype or model. The test result are plays
important role deciding the future of the product.
The functionality of the wind tunnel is ultimately leads to the results, if the not
functioned properly then it is difficult to check the prototype.
3. Noise
Noise is the critical aspect of designing as the rotation of fan makes huge noise.
The wind velocity is around 50m/s which create huge noise. In the wind tunnel
the contraction shape present which ultimately increases the pressure, increase

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

7

in the pressure makes material to vibrate with high frequency. Thus the
material should be selected which absorb the noise and keep surrounding quiet.
4. Distortion/deflection/stiffness
Long structure with high vibration produce distortion in the material, the
distortion in the material leads to stress concentration and reduces the life of
the part.
Wind tunnel is the long structure which vibrates easily with application of the
wind with high speed. Thus the design of the wind tunnel should consider
distortion factor as this will affect the results.
Stiffness of the material or structure which makes it resistant to vibration, in
the wind tunnel the stiff material or structure provides less error in the test.
5. Shape
To create the environment shape of the wind tunnel is important factor. The
shape of the wind tunnel is creating high velocity, high pressure similar to the
natural condition.
To get the proper result shape should be designed properly. The shape design
leads to lesser vibration in the structure.
6. Reliability
Wind tunnel is the costly equipment so reliability becomes important part, as it
is used to test the prototype model, which then going to face the natural
condition the system should be reliable.
Reliability is the defined as the working of the system without occurring
failure, wind tunnel itself checking the reliability, so wind tunnel system should
be reliable.
7. Cost
As the equipment is having large dimensions its cost is quite high but we can
reduce the cost by using maximum number of standard part, shape change,
alternative material etc.
8. Maintenance
The maintenance free system is considered as good system so while designing
the wind tunnel by keeping the maintenance criteria in the mind we have to
design properly. As the system consist of rotating part maintenance is required.
Also to reduce the vibration regular oiling, checking fan blade, shaft checking
will considered in the maintenance part.
9. Friction
Wind tunnel wind is propagated with high velocity so friction is occurred in
wind and the wall. The friction causes vibrations in the wind tunnel so to
reduce the vibration friction is considered as important design consideration.
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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10. Liability
Wind tunnel is the having high cost so the accountability or liability become
important design consideration. The vibration induced in the wind tunnel
affects the result that ultimately leads to lower the liability.
11. Life
The vibrations induced in the wind tunnel affects different parts of it. Thus the
life of wind tunnel gets reduced. To improve the life of the wind tunnel we
have to consider while design the wind tunnel.

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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5. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND OBJECTIVE OF THE

PROJECT.
5.1 Problem Statement
The wind tunnel as an invented technology used to study the type of vibration
pattern induced inside the various prototype models put forth for the purpose of
testing. The vibration pattern induced inside of prototype model will be the function
of external frequency of vibration with which body is supposed to be damp. The
vibration pattern induced inside the prototype will be the function of air passes
through the tunnel expectedly. The vibration induced due to the rotation of rotor
shaft and bearing is supposed to be eliminated or should not be there at all in the
structure by the time of testing let to avoid diversion of result from the mean and
standard one. Thus the problem definition can be stated as follows,
Elimination the effect of vibration induced under the impact of rotor and bearing
rotation which crates the adverse effect on the overall process of testing and hence
its result ultimately. The process of prototype testing should be strictly carried out
for the effect of vibration created by air flows with certain velocity through open
circuit tunnel
To study the pure air impact on the respective pattern of vibration the system will be
upgraded in terms of its design and material optimization.
5.2 Objective
1. To reduce the impact of vibration inside the wind tunnel that produced because
rotation of the rotor and bearing rotation.
2. To eliminate the impact total error from final result obtained. (The error that
caused because additional vibration produced by the rotation of rotor and
bearing)
3. Validate the result obtained through prototype analysis with standard result
given in the research paper and journal.
4. Provision of the isolators (Design and optimization of isolators structures) in
between exciters and receivers with definite dimensional and material stability
to absorb the maximum amount of shocks and vibration induced and adversely
affected on the system.
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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6. WORK PLAN AND IMPLEMENTATION METHEDOLOGY

6.1 Work Plan for various activity executions and work completion
Table (5.1): Various Activity Executions
Time
Total time duration
Sr.

Name of the activity

schedule

required in number

No.

to execute

planned

of days

(From-To)

(Approximately)

Remarks

Literature survey and

topic finalization

Proposed dates may likely

based on previous
1

research done in the

corresponding work
domain and

to extend if relevant
material will not available

(27th July
26th Sept)

60 Days

guideline provided by

feasibility of the

some expert from the same

result obtained
Study for various

domain will leading up the

project on the other way of

tools and machine

2

required for the

purpose of testing

an innovation (If objective

(27th Sept
26th Oct)

30 Days

consideration given

focusing of the project

work will be changes).

and result validation

Formation of the
system with kind

to enough extend or

(27th Oct
15th Jan)

75 Days

for various

Depends on the

limitations offered by

availability of the

experimental

experimental set up and

procedure of

their response on the day

vibration pattern

of experiment conduction

prediction, analysis
4

and optimization
Study the pattern of
vibration and suggest
the various methods

30 Days
(16th Jan

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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of design and
manufacturing
optimization to
reduce the adverse

10th Feb)

vibration effect
caused by rotor and

bearing rotation
Test result obtained

Depends on resources

with system altered

availability in totality

through optimized

which will be used for

design and
manufacturing
6

Result comparison
and verification

(11th Feb
28th Feb)
(28th Feb
15th March)

20 Days

parts fabrication and

system development.

15 Days

NA

15 Days

NA

Rough thesis
preparation and
7

verification from
respective project

(15th March
30th Mar)

guide
8

Final thesis writing

and binding

Final thesis
submission and Oral

Based on the set of

(30th Mar
30th Apr)
As per the

30 Days

respective project guide

Will be done after the kind

dates given
by SPPU

feedback received from

NA

approval getting from

respective guide.

6.2 Implementation Methodology And Optimization Techniques Used:

Sr.

Table (5.2): Implementation Methodology

Name of the methodology and Tools, Machines and
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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Remarks

No.

tools used to obtain defined softwares required

objectives
Verification of the pattern of
vibration

with

the

Accelerometer

help

or

Used to measure the pattern

of

FFT Analyzer

FFT

of vibration with respect to

varying RPM.

Analyzer for the current system

2

in work or use.
Proposed changes in the system Result obtained from Used to study the behavior of
to eliminate the adverse impact the
of rotor and bearing rotation.

Implement

the

FFT

analyzer/ current system with respect

Pattern of vibration.

suggested Ansys 14.0

changes and modify the system

in

accordance

to

all

to varying speed of rotor and

bearings
To obtain the process
simulation

the

respective design changes.

4

Take the reading and verify the FFT Analyzer or

To

pattern of vibration related to Ansys 14.0

performance

modify new system with all the

suggested design system and

suggested changes implemented.

Quantify the difference in Hands

on

differentiate
in

the
between

old working system

result The new pattern of vibration

between Pattern of vibration obtained in regarding would be the filtered result

analyzed for old and new system to compare the old obtained after eliminating the
upgraded to new design changes system
suggested.

performance effect of vibration occurs due

with newer one and to rotor and bearing rotation.

vice versa.

7. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND METHODOLOGY USED IN

EXPERIMENT CONDUCTION:

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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Fig No.(6.1) Experimental Setup Of Wind Tunnel

The experimental set up for the wind tunnel consist of following parts which are
discussed as,
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Rotor Blade and Bearing Housing.

Rotor Housing.
Contraction Cone.
Test Section.
Diffuser section.
Settling chamber.
Supports.

1. Rotor Blade and Bearing Housing: Used to impact the air/wind with definite
volume and velocity on the prototype model which have been put forth for
testing in middle test section.
Possible Malfunctioning: Create the adverse vibration effect and leading the
failure of blade due the repetitive fatigue loading so causes the catastrophic
failure in the system under consideration.
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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2. Rotor Housing: Provide casing to the rotor and blade assembly in the case of
sudden accidental damage.
Malfunctioning: Creates the unwanted vibration and impact on the final test
result obtained.
3. Contraction Cone: Increase the pressure of air passing through it.
Malfunctioning: Pours structure leading the pressure drop and unequal
distribution of the pressure among various air molecules.
4. Test Section: Actual impact of air will be taken place on the prototype model
placed inside of it
Malfunctioning: Pressure drop and unequal distribution of pressure.
5. Diffuser section: Air outlet and intended to reduce the air pressure while
circulating it for next cycle.
Malfunctioning: Pressure drop occurring than the permissible one
6. Settling chamber: Reduces the impact intensity of the exit air through diffuser.
Malfunctioning: Tending to fail after exceeding with the capacity of its
maximum permissible energy storage capacity per unit volume.
7. Supports: Support the entire wind tunnel set up by the time of operation and
even during its idle condition.
Malfunctioning: Steer up towards the bending and misplacement of the
structure due to excessive vibration effects produced.
8. FFT Analyzer used as an integral part of the test set up:
The FFT analyzer (Fast Fourier Transformation) is an effective tool used to
study the pattern of vibration induced under the impact of various frequency
modes. The accelerometer has been placed over the parts subjected to test of
vibration and response is plotted and studied in the digital display meter.
In the experimental set up as shown in the above figure the test of vibration
will be carried out for the place locations numbered with numberings (2), (3),
(4) and (5) respectively. The average pattern obtained would give the behavior
of system under the impact of various modes of frequency that will be the
further function of number of rotations performed by rotor per minute or
seconds. The test results are carried out for old and proposed model of wind
tunnel and compared side by side to elaborate the importance of new design
and optimized parameters selection and implementation in the new system.
Table(3): Specifications of the Wind Tunnel
Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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Wind Tunnel
Sr.

Part Description

No.

Working Specification

Remarks

1. 300mm x 300mm x 1000mm

Test /Working section
1
2

Blower Fan
D.C. Motor

DC Variable
(Thyristerised
Control) Drive

Air Velocity In Test

5

Section

long.
2. Acrylic Sheet 6mm thick.
1. 7 Blades
1. 7.5 H.P. 1500 RPM
2. Excitation Voltage 200 VDC
3. Armature Voltage 440 VDC
( Variable)
1. 7.5 HP
2.Output Excitation
200 VDC
3. Armature 0 to 440 VDC
4. Input: 3 Phase
440 VAC supply
3 to 30 m/sec

NA
NA
Make Arwa
Electronics

Make : Indus
Electronics
NA

8. RESULTS
8.1 Results Obtained Without Isolator And With Isolator
To study the pattern of the vibration in the wind tunnel some experimental
readings were taken.in this part firstly we have taken reading without isolator
material at different points along the wind tunnel.
The observation shows pattern of vibration which severe in fan section,
contraction zone as the pressure is observed in this section.
Point 1 at 600 RPM

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Point 2 at 600 RPM

Point 3 at 600 RPM

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Point 4 at 600 RPM

Point 5 at 600 RPM

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Point 6 at 600 RPM

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8.2 Properties of the isolator material

Sr. No.

Properties

Rubber

Youngs modulus (MPa)

30

Poisson ratio

0.49

Density(Kg/m3)

1140

8.3 Results Obtained after the application of Isolator

At point 1 at 600 RPM

Point 2 at 600 RPM

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Point 3 at 600 RPM

Point 4 at 600 RPM

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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Point 5 at 600 RPM

Point 6 at 600 RPM

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)
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Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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9. FUTURE SCOPE FOR STAGE-II

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Design modification for shaft, bearings for reduction of the vibration.

Modal Analysis of the Wind tunnel setup.
Validation of the Results obtained by Experiment.
Use of the Alternative Isolator material to reduce the vibration.
Obtain result for standard prototype and compared with standard results.

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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10.CONCLUSION
Wind tunnel is equipment which used to study the behavior of prototype model under
the impact of different frequencies of vibration, which are produced due to the air
impact flowing with constant velocity and volume of impact. The result obtained
prototype model testing will be accurate one iff vibration induced inside prototype
model will be only because impact of air.
The other vibration produced by other effect like shaft rotation rotor and bearing
rotation, rotation of the blade would add an adverse effect to the process of prototypr
model testing through wind tunnel.in order to steer up the process of prototype model
testing in right direction the project work is basically focused on reduction in the
intensity of such vibration create through optimized design techniques and
implementation for the wind tunnel structure.

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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11.REFERENCES
1. Mansi Singh & Sunil Kumar Yadav ,Review of Design and Construction of an
Open Circuit Low Speed Wind Tunnel, Global Journal of Researches in
Engineering Mechanical and Mechanics Engineering Volume 13 Issue 5
Version 1.0 Year 2013
2. Kashif Javed And Mazhar Ali Design & Construction of subsonic wind Tunnel
focus on two dimensional contraction cone profile using sixth order
polynomial
3. James H. Bell and Rabindra D. Mehta, Contraction Design For Small LowSpeed Wind Tunnels Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Stanford
University April 1988
4. Louis Cattafesta, Chris Bahr, and Jose Mathew, Fundamentals of WindTunnel Design Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering. John Wiley & Sons,
Ltd. 2010 ISBN: 978-0-470-68665-2
5. Tomar Vishvendra Singh and Sangwan Vipul, Design, Analytical Analysis,
Instrumentation and Flow Simulation of Sub-Sonic Open Circuit Wind Tunnel
Model IJMER Vol. 4 Iss. 1 Jan. 2014 pp.43-52
6. Millan Valajinac,Design, construction and evaluation of subsonic wind
tunnel, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1966.
7. R D Mehata and P.Bradshaw Design rule for small low speed wind tunnel
American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. 1979.
8. Kenan Yuce , Report on Vibration analysis and mistuned blade system,
Imperial college of Technology London Feb.1992.

Dr. D Y Patil School Of Enginnering M.E.(Design Engineering)

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