Objectives of the Study

The goal of this research project is to design a drainage with crumb rubber tires as
filter for the advancement of Storm Water Management. In addition, this research will
help the environment to reduce the accumulated waste produced by the scrap rubber tires.
It specifically aims the following:
1. To present the current drainage layout at Carmel Street.
2. To present the new drainage design with crumb rubber tire filter in the catch
basin.
3. To install the crumb rubber tire filter in the catch basin of the newly designed
drainage.
4. To determine the filtering efficiency by hydrometer test method.
5. To determine the maximum flow rate during filtration process.

Data Summary Report

The researchers already finish 4 out of 5 in the objectives of the study and data
gathered such as design of drainage, the results of the tests conducted as well as the
assessments are presented in the next pages.

Data for the 1st Objective: To present the current drainage layout at Carmel Street.

The researchers sought an assessment from Engineer Diosdado A. Paares, Jr., one
of the resident along the Carmel Street through a letter. Engineer Paares was a volunteer
engineer in the community of Saint Michael Village to make an assessment of each
streets of Saint Michael. Upon receiving the resolution regarding the said letter, it states
that Carmel street drainage is already inefficient when it comes to storm water
management because of clogging of waste.
The drainage layout presented was based on survey of Engineer Paares at Carmel
Street.

Figure 1. Drainage Layout

Data for the 2nd Objective: To present the new drainage design with crumb rubber tire
filter in the catch basin.
The drainage design considered the following general conditions:
1. The depth of the connection with the main drainage in the street and the grade
of the house drain outlet. The depth of the house drain outlet can be found by
measuring the length of the longest branch of the house drain
2. The required ground coverings should be 30cm from the top of concrete floor
and 40cm of the ground covering without concrete floor.
3. The 2% slope was considered on each horizontal drainage pipe line that was
installed at station to the next station. The height of the rise angle of the pipe
line could be determined by using the formula:

Height = Length x 2%

Figure 2. Drainage Design

Filter Design was integrated with innovative material which is Crumb rubber tires.
The steps in fabricating the Filter are as follows:
1. Filter will be manually fabricated when each components was ready.

2. The dual stainless chamber was already manufactured by Weldone Steelworks

Corporation as the whole formworks of the filter in the catch basin.
3. For the first chamber, it will be totally vacant for the storm water with large
size particles so that when the storm water will enter in second chamber where
the crumb rubber will be put on, the storm water have less particles to be
filtered.
4. Filter medium which is the Crumb rubber tires will be produced by reducing
scrap tires down to sizes ranging from 1 to 5 centimeters. The process to be
used was Ambient Mechanical Grinding to separate the rubber, metal, and
fabric components of scrap tires.
5. Crumb Rubbers will be put on to the second side only of the dual stainless
chamber and will be arranged from largest to smallest media size.
6. Crumb rubbers per media size in terms of its volume will be 0.5m x 0.5m x 0.1
m.
7. Stainless mesh for the division of rubber according to its sizes and to compress
the rubber will be manufactured together with the dual stainless chamber.
8. Overall Designed Filter will be totally fabricated when each components were
combined and polish.
For the design tradeoffs case, the researchers decided to have difference in terms
of shape of the filter design namely the conical and rectangular shape. It will be presented
in Figure 3(Conical Shape) and in Figure 4(Rectangular Shape).

Figure 3. Conical Shape Filter

Figure 4. Rectangular Shape Filter

Crumb rubber tire where manufacture through mechanical grinding. Mechanical
grinding is the process of breaking up of a scrap tire using whole car or truck tires in the
form of shred or chips, or sidewalls or treads. The rubbers, metals and textiles are

sequentially separated out. Tires are passed through a shredder, which breaks the tires
into chips. Finer rubber particles can be obtained through further grinding in secondary
grinding process by using heavy duty meat grinder.

Documentation in rubber grinding:

Data for the 4th Objective: To determine the filtering efficiency by hydrometer test
method.

To determine the percentage of different grain size passing the filter during the
process, standard test method for particle-size analysis was followed (ASTM D 422). The
specimen was collected at the bottom of the crumb rubber filter after the filtration process
by placing 1L cylindrical beaker at the bottom of the filter. The following procedures are
for the Hydrometer test:
1. Cover the open end of the cylinder with a stopper and secure it with the palm
of your hand. Then turn the cylinder upside down and back upright for a period
of one minute. The cylinder should be inverted approximately 30 times during
the minute.
2. Set the cylinder down and record the time. Remove the stopper of the cylinder.
After an elapsed time of one minute and forty seconds, very slowly and
carefully insert the hydrometer for the first reading. It should take about ten
seconds to insert or remove the hydrometer to minimize any disturbance, and
the release of the hydrometer should be made as close to the reading depth as
possible to avoid excessive bobbing.
3. The reading is taken by observing the top of the meniscus formed by the
suspension and the hydrometer stem. The hydrometer is removed slowly and
placed back into the control cylinder. Very gently spin it in control cylinder to
remove any particles that may have adhered.
4. Take hydrometer readings after elapsed time of 2 and 5, 8, 15, 30, and 60
minutes.
The readings taken from hydrometer test will undergo analysis. The procedure for
analysis are as follows:

1. Obtain the effective hydrometer depth L in cm from Table 1.

2. For known GS of the soil, obtain the value of K from Table 2.
3. Calculate the equivalent particle diameter by using the following
formula:
Where t is in minutes, and D is given in mm.
4. Determine the temperature correction CT from Table 3.
5. Determine correction factor a from Table 4 using GS.
Calculate corrected hydrometer reading as follows:
RC = RACTUAL zero correction + CT
6. Calculate percent finer as follows:

Where WS is the weight of the soil sample in grams.

7. Adjusted percent fines as follows:
F200 = % finer of #200 sieve as a percent
8. Plot the grain size curve D versus the adjusted percent finer on the semi
logarithmic sheet.

Table 1. Values of Effective Depth Based on Hydrometer and Sedimentation Cylinder of

Specific Sizes

Table 2.Values of K for Use in Equation for Computing Diameter of Particle in

Hydrometer Analysis

Table 3. Temperature Correction Factors CT

Table 4. Correction Factors a for Unit Weight of Solids

Observations:

Elapsed Time,
(min)

Hydrometer
Reading,
Ractual

Distance,
(cm)

Temperature,
(C)

Factor Ct

0.25

15.2

30

3.8

0.5

15.3

30

3.8

15.2

30

3.8

21.25

13.2

29

3.05

53

14.8

29

3.05

10

9.8

14

29

3.05

20

8.5

14.7

29

3.05

Results & Calculations:

Hydrometer No. __125H__

Visual Description of soil _Very Fine Particles (fine sand)_
Specific Gravity of soil solids _2.75__
Correction Factor a __0.98__
Weight of soil used in the test __50g__
Zero correction __+3.0_
Meniscus correction __1.0__
Weight of empty container __11.4__

Elapsed

Hydromete

Hydrometer

Velocity

K value

Diameter(c

Time,
(min)

r Reading,
Ractual

Reading,
Corr. R

(m/s)

0.25

-3.4

2.28

0.01919

0.5

-3.4

4.59

0.01919

-3.4

9.12

0.01919

21.25

12.1

23.76

0.01212

53

43.85

44.4

0.01212

10

9.8

0.65

84

0.01212

20

8.5

-0.65

176.4

0.01212

Average
values

49.221428
57

Documentation in Hydrometer Test:

m)
0.0136595
42
0.0137044
01
0.0136595
42
0.0081769
36
0.0086583
37
0.0084210
77
0.0086290
36
0.0107012
67

Data for the 5th Objective: To determine the maximum flow rate during filtration process.

The Bucket method is a simple way to measure the flow rate using household items. It
requires a stopwatch, a large bucket, and preferably two to three people. To measure the
flow rate using the bucket method:
1. Measure the volume of the bucket or container. Keep in mind that a typical 5
gallon bucket is often actually less than 5 gallons.
2. Put the bucket in the outlet of the filter in order to have the volume of storm water
that passes through the filter.

3. With a stopwatch, time how long it takes the storm water to fill the bucket. Start
the stopwatch simultaneously with the start of the bucket being filled and stop the
stopwatch when the bucket fills. The bucket should not be filled by holding it
below the surface of the filter because it is not the true flow rate.
4. Record the time it takes to fill the bucket.
5. Repeat steps two and three about six or seven times and take the average. It is a
good idea to do a few trial runs before recording any data so that one can get a feel
for the timing and measurements required.
6. Only eliminate data if major problems arise.
7. The flow rate is the volume of the bucket divided by the average time it took to fill
the bucket.

Results:
No. of
Trials

Volume,
mL

Time, sec

Actual Flow Rate,

Q (L/s)

Average Actual
Flow Rate, Q
(L/s)

Trial 1

1000

20.68

0.048355899

0.047912101

Trial 2

1000

21.42

0.046685341

Trial 3

1000

20.56

0.048638132

Trial 4

1000

21.45

0.046620047

Trial 5

1000

20.3

0.049261084

Documentation during the Bucket Method Test: