TBChap 004

Chapter04
TheChangingAmericanSociety:DemographicsandSocialStratification
Multiple Choice Questions

1.
Digitalsavvyconsumersareleadingedgedigitaluserswhoareearlyadoptersanddiffusersofinformation
relatedtotechnologyintermsof____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Internetusage
technologyownership
cellphoneusage
AandB
alloftheabove
2.
3.
Whichofthefollowingdescribesapopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
geographics
psychographics
demographics
censographics
behaviorgraphics
Harriettwantstodescribethepopulationofanewmarketinwhichherfirmwishestoenter.Shewantsto
describethepopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure.Whichofthefollowingshouldshe
use?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
psychographics
behaviorgraphics
censographics
demographics
geographics
4-1
Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
4.
5.
Age,gender,education,occupation,andincomeareexamplesof_____variables.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
demographic
holographic
geographic
psychographic
censographics
WhatistheapproximatepopulationoftheUnitedStatestoday?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
100million
249million
320million
350million
498million
6.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonthepopulationoftheUnitedStateshasgrownsteadilysince
1960?
A.
longerlifeexpectancies
B. increasingbirthrateformostoftheperiodbetween1960andtoday
C.
immigration
D. babyboomersmovingthroughchildbearingyears
E. AlloftheabovearereasonsthepopulationoftheUnitedStateshasgrown.
7.
8.
WhichofthefollowingisTRUEregardingthesizeanddistributionofthepopulationoftheUnitedStates?
A. ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisapproximately250milliontoday.
B.Thepopulationhasgrownsteadilysince1960duetobirthratesthathavealwaysbeenontheincrease.
C. ThegrowthhasnotbeeneventhroughouttheUnitedStates.
D.Midweststates,suchasMichiganandIllinois,areexpectedtogrowdramaticallyinthenext10years.
E. ThepopulationoftheUnitedStateshascontinuedtodecreasesince1960.
Whichofthefollowingisthemostwidelyappliedsinglecueweusetoinitiallyevaluateanddefine
individualswemeet?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
age
income
occupation
gender
education
4-2
9.
Whichofthefollowingisstronglyassociatedwithoccupation?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
income
education
age
AandB
A,B,andC
10. ApproximatelywhatpercentageoftheU.S.populationhasahighschooldegree?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
25percent
40percent
50percent
75percent
87percent
11. ApproximatelywhatpercentageoftheU.S.populationhascompletedcollege?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
30percent
43percent
50percent
75percent
87percent
12. Juanisinterestedinknowingoccupationalinfluencesonpurchasesofsatelliteradiosystems.Whichofthe
followingoccupationsaremostlikelytopurchasethistypeofproduct?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
wholesaleandretailtrade
professional,scientificandtechnical
miningandconstruction
AandC
alloftheabove
13. WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingeducationisFALSE?
A. Educationisincreasinglycriticalfora"familywage"job.
B.Traditionalhighpayingmanufacturingjobsthatrequiredrelativelylittleeducationarerapidly
disappearing.
C. Educationclearlydrivesincomeintoday'seconomy.
D. Educationdoesnotinfluencehowonethinks,makesdecisions,andrelatestoothers.
E. Educationhasastronginfluenceonone'stastesandpreferences.
4-3
14. Ahousehold'spurchasingpowerisafunctionofwhichofthefollowing?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
incomeandaccumulatedwealth
ageandgender
incomeandeducation
occupationandincome
socialclassandeducation
15. Whencomparingincomelevelsbyeducationandgender,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A. Menandwomenearnaboutthesameincomeiftheyhavethesameeducation.
B.Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomenonearningsoccursmostlyatthelowereducationlevels.
C.Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomenonearningsoccursmostlyatthehighereducationlevels.
D. Menearnmorethanwomenateachlevelofeducation.
E. Womenearnmorethanmenateachlevelofeducation.
16. Budweiserisapopularbrandofbeer.Partofthiscompany'smarketresearchofU.S.consumerslookedat
educationlevelsofbeerconsumers.Whateducationlevelisthelikelyconsumerofbeer(thatwithhighest
propensitytobuyandconsumerbeer)tohaveattained?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
didnotgraduatehighschool
graduatedhighschool
attendedcollege
graduatedcollege
noneoftheabove
17. Whatisthemovementcalledinwhichcompanieshaveexpandedopportunitiesforlessaffluentconsumers
toaffordluxury?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
masstoclass
classtomass
moretoall
oneforall
allforone
18. Anestimatebytheconsumerofhowmuchmoneyheorshehasavailabletospendonnonessentialsis
knownas_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
objectivediscretionaryincome(ODI)
adjustedgrossincome(AGI)
adjusteddiscretionaryincome(ADI)
subjectivediscretionaryincome(SDI)
subjectivegrossincome(SGI)
4-4
19. TheMartins'householdincomeis$123,000peryear.However,thisfamilyestimatesthattheyhave
$45,000availabletospendonnonessentialssuchasvacationsandentertainment.The$45,000represents
theMartins'_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
20. WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingageisTRUE?
A. Properagepositioningiscriticalformanyproducts.
B. Ageaffectsaconsumer'sselfconceptandlifestyle.
C.
Ourageshapesthemediaweuse.
D.Analyzingagecohortgroupsorgenerationsoftenprovidesmoremeaningfulsegmentsandmarketing
strategiesthanmerelylookingatcensusagegroups.
E.
Alloftheabovearetrue.
21. Whichagecategoryisexpectedtoexperiencethelargestpercentageincreasebetween2010and2020?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
<10
2029
4049
6069
>69
22. Procter&Gambleisamajorconsumerpackagedgoodsmanufacturer.Whichagecategoryprovidesthe
greatestopportunityforP&Gintermsofgrowthbetween2010and2020?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
<10
2029
4049
6069
>69
23. One'sperceivedage,apartofone'sselfconcept,isknownas_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
feltage
realage
cognitiveage
perceptualage
chronologicalage
4-5
24. Gertrudeis93yearsold,butsheperceivesherselftobeabout65yearsold.SixtyfiveisGertrude's_____
age.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
feltage
realage
cognitiveage
perceptualage
chronologicalage
25. Whichofthefollowingvariablesisassociatedwithcognitiveage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
health
education
income
socialsupport
alloftheabove
26. Samisahealthy75yearoldman.Heisaretiredattorney;hasasubstantialretirementincome;andisa
memberofseveralsocialgroupsthattravel,helpothers,andencouragelifelonglearning.Whichofthe
followingismostlikelytrueaboutSam?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Sam'scognitiveageislessthan75.
Sam'scognitiveageis75.
Sam'scognitiveageisgreaterthan75.
27. A(n)_____isagroupofpersonswhohaveexperiencedacommonsocial,political,historical,and
economicenvironment.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
censusagegroup
agecohort
cognitivegroup
chronologicalgroup
demographicgroup
28. _____istheprocessofdescribingandexplainingtheattitudes,values,andbehaviorsofanagegroupas
wellaspredictingitsfutureattitudes,values,andbehaviors.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Censusanalysis
Demographicanalysis
Generationanalysis
Cognitiveanalysis
Cohortanalysis
4-6
29. Mariaisanalyzingthebabyboomgenerationbydescribingandexplainingitsattitudes,values,and
behaviorsaswellaspredictingitsfutureattitudes,values,andbehaviors.Mariaisconductinga_____
analysis.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
cohort
generational
demographic
census
cognitive
30. _____dealswiththematuremarketandisbasedonthetheorythatpeoplechangetheiroutlookonlife
whentheyexperiencemajorlifeeventssuchasbecomingagrandparent,retiring,losingaspouse,or
developingchronichealthconditions.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Demographics
Gerontographics
Cognitivepsychology
Cohortanalysis
Generationalanalysis
31. Individualsbornbefore1930belongtowhichgeneration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
preDepressiongeneration
Depressiongeneration
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
32. Haroldwasbornin1923.HeenteredyoungadulthoodduringWorldWarIIandservedintheNavyduring
thatwar.Hehaswitnessedradicalsocial,economic,andtechnologicalchangeinhislifetime.Towhich
generationdoeshebelong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
33. Consumers55yearsofageandoverconstitutethe_____market.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboom
mature
generational
gerontological
aging
4-7
34. Elsieandhertwosistersareallintheirmidtolate60s.Theyarepartofthe_____market.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
GenerationX
mature
generational
gerontological
aging
35. WhichgenerationisNOTpartofthematuremarket?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
preDepression
Depression
GenerationX
babyboom
Alloftheabovearepartofthematuremarket.
36. Whichofthefollowingisasegmentationapproachtothematuremarketthatincorporatesagingprocesses
andlifeeventsrelatedtothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
gerontographics
cognitivepsychology
demographics
ageographics
censographics
37. Whichcohortwasbornbetween1930and1945?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
38. Xavierwasbornin1940.HewastooyoungtorememberWorldWarII,andhematuredduringthe
prosperousyearsofthe1950sandearly1960s.Hisfavoritesingerwas,andstillis,ElvisPresley.Towhich
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
4-8
39. Whichgeneration"invented"rockandrollandgrewupwithmusicandtelevisionasimportantpartsof
theirlives?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
40. Whichofthefollowingisasegmentofmatureconsumers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
HealthyIndulgers
AilingOutgoers
HealthyHermits
FrailRecluses
alloftheabove
41. Whichsegmentofmatureconsumersisphysicallyandmentallyhealthyandisthusactive,independent,
andouttoenjoylife?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
HealthyIndulgers
AilingIndulgers
AilingOutgoers
FrailRecluses
HealthyHermits
42. _____haveexperiencedhealthproblemsthatlimittheirphysicalactivities,buttheirpositiveoutlook
meanstheyremainactivewithinphysicalconstraints.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
HealthyHermits
AilingIndulgers
AilingOutgoers
FrailRecluses
HealthyRecluses
43. Peopleinthisgroupretaintheirphysicalhealth,butlifeevents(i.e.,deathofaspouse)havereducedtheir
selfconcept,andtheybecomewithdrawn.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
HealthyIndulgers
AilingOutgoers
HealthyHermits
FrailRecluses
AilingIndulgers
4-9
44. Thissegmentofmatureconsumershasacceptedtheiroldagestatusandhasadjustedtheirlifestylesto
reflectreducedphysicalcapabilitiesandsocialroles.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
HealthyIndulger
AilingOutgoer
HealthyHermit
FrailRecluse
AilingHermit
45. Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthebabyboommarket?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Boomersaretechsavvy.
Boomersareemptynesterswhoaredownsizing.
Boomersareretiringearlyandwealthy.
Boomershavethesamevaluesandoutlook.
Boomersareselfcentered.
46. Thelargest,mostdiversegenerationalsegmentis____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
GenerationX
GenerationY
GenerationZ
babyboomers
tweens
47. Whichboomersegment,identifiedbyFocalyst,ishighlyconnectedwithfriendsandcommunity,which
mayexplaintheirpositiveoutlook?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
yesterday
today
tomorrow
futurists
optimists
48. Whichgenerationaltermreferstothoseindividualsbornduringthedramaticincreaseofbirths(i.e.,almost
80millionbabybirths)betweentheendofWorldWarIIand1964?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
4-10
49. Johnwasbornin1955,andhehasonlyknownprosperityinhislifetime.HerememberswhenPresident
Kennedywasassassinated,primarilybecausehisfamilypurchasedtheirfirstcolortelevisionnotlongafter
thatevent.WhileherememberstheVietnamWar,hewastooyoungtobedrafted.Towhichgeneration
doeshebelong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
50. Whichgenerationisconsideredtobemoreselfcentered,individualistic,economicallyoptimistic,
skeptical,suspiciousofauthority,andfocusedonthepresentthanothergenerations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
51. Robertandhiswife,Jan,werebothborninthe1950s.Thelastoftheirthreechildrenwillgraduatefrom
collegesoon,whichisleavingthemwithincreaseddiscretionaryincomeandtime.Towhichgenerationdo
RobertandJanbelong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationZ
GenerationY
52. Whichofthefollowingisareasonmorebabyboomerscontinuetoworklongerthanpreviousgenerations?
A. necessityduetoalowincomeofsomebabyboomers
B.
necessityduetoapoorpensionplan
C.necessityduetochangesinSocialSecurityincreasingtheageatwhichfullbenefitscanbedrawn
D. increaseddesiretostayactiveininterestingandrewardingcareers
E.
alloftheabove
53. Whichgenerationwasbornbetween1965and1976?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
GenerationZ
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
4-11
54. Nickwasbornin1972.Aslongashecanremember,hismotherworkedoutsidethehome.Whenhewas
12,hisparentsdivorced,whichwashardonhim,butthesamethinghappenedtoseveralofhisfriends.
Whenbothofhisparentsremarried,hisviewofafamilychangedtoincludeallofhisstepsistersand
brothers.Towhichgenerationdoeshebelong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
GenerationZ
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
55. Whichgenerationisbothcynicalandsophisticatedaboutproducts,ads,andshopping?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
GenerationY
GenerationX
babyboom
echoboom
boomerang
56. Whichgenerationwasthefirsttogainaverybroadviewofafamily,whichmayincludeparents,siblings,
stepparents,halfsiblings,closefriends,liveinlovers,andothers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
Millennials
57. Rogerisanadultwhohasmovedbackinwithhisparents.Hedoesn'tbelieveinsacrificingtime,energy,
andrelationstotheextentheseesolderworkersdoforthesakeofcareeroreconomicadvancement.Hehas
amaster'sdegreebutdoesnotwanttoworkforalargecorporation.TowhichgenerationdoesRogermost
likelybelong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
4-12
58. Individualsbornbetween1977and1994belongtowhichgeneration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboom
GenerationX
GenerationY
GenerationZ
Millennialgeneration
59. Amiewasbornin1991.Hermotherisacollegeprofessor,andherfatherisanattorney.She'snotsurewhat
shewantstodowhenshegrowsup,butsheknowsshewillgotocollegeandembarkonacareerofher
own.Shewasamazedwhenhergrandmothertoldherthatwomenreallycouldn'tdothatwhenshewas
young.Ifawomandidwork,choiceswereusuallylimitedtobecomingateacher,asecretary,oranurse.
Hergrandmothertoldherthatshewasasecretary,butaftershestartedhavingchildren,sheleftthe
workforceandstayedhometoraiseherchildren,whichwascommonformostwomenatthattime.That
conceptwastotallyforeigntoAmie.Towhichgenerationdoesshebelong?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babyboom
GenerationX
GenerationY
GenerationZ
60. Thechildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomersareknownas_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thebabybustgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
GenerationZ
theMillennialgeneration
61. GenerationYissometimesreferredtoasthe_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
babybustgeneration
echoboom
boomerangs
babyboomlet
stepboomers
62. Placingadsinvideogamesisknownas_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
videoadvertising
integratedadvertising
advergaming
messageintegration
entertainmentintegration
4-13
63. Thenewestgenerationbornafter1994isreferredtoas_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
thebabyboomgeneration
GenerationX
GenerationY
GenerationZ
tweens
64. Erinis12yearsold.WhichlabelisappropriateforErin?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
littlekid
bigkid
GenerationX
GenerationZ
youngadult
65. Stephanieis17andbelongstothehighschooldrillteam.OneofherbestfriendsisBobby,theteam
managerwhoisopenlygay.WhichlabelisappropriateforStephanie?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
tween
GenerationZ
GenerationX
youngadult
gayfriendlyteen
66. Lateadolescentsandearlyteensareknownas_________.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
littlekids
bigkids
tweens
GenerationX
youngadults
67. One'spositionrelativetoothersononeormoredimensionsvaluedbysocietyisknownasone's_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
societalrank
socialstatus
socialstanding
socialsphere
socialrealm
4-14
68. Ahierarchicaldivisionofasocietyintorelativelydistinctandhomogeneousgroupswithrespectto
attitudes,values,andlifestylesisknownasa_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
socialstratum
socialclasssystem
castesystem
socialcontinuum
societalranking
69. Themoreconsistentanindividualisonallstatusdimensions,thegreaterthedegreeof_____forthe
individual.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
statusmaturity
statuspermanence
statusinflexibility
statuscrystallization
statusflexibility
70. Carlisaphysicianearning$300,000peryear.UsingtheColemanRainwatersystem,identifythesocial
classtowhichCarlbelongs
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
upperupper.
lowerupper.
uppermiddle.
middle.
working.
71. Whichtermdescribesconsumers'purchaseanduseofautomobiles,homes,yachts,clothes,andsoforth
primarilytodemonstratetheirgreatwealth?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
conspicuousconsumption
outrageousconsumption
obnoxiousconsumption
nouveauxconsumption
"blueblood"consumption
72. Nouveauxrichesaremostcommonlyassociatedwiththe_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
uppermiddleclass
middleclass
lowerupperclass
upperupperclass
noneoftheabove
4-15
73. Theuppermiddleclassachievetheirsocialpositionprimarily_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
throughtheirunusuallyhighincomes
bytheiroccupationandcareerorientation
throughinheritedposition
throughtheirchildren'saccomplishments
noneoftheabove
74. Whichsocialclassconsistsofskilledandsemiskilledfactory,service,andsalesworkers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
uppermiddle
middleclass
workingclass
upperlowerclass
lowerlowerclass
75. Whichsocialclassconsistsofofficeworkers,schoolteachers,lowerlevelmanagers,plumbers,andfactory
supervisors?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
uppermiddle
workingclass
lowerclass
middleclass
lowerlowerclass
76. Buzzisaselfemployedconstructionworker.Heisproudofhisabilitytodo"realwork"andseeshimself
astheoftenunappreciatedbackboneofAmerica.Hedislikestheuppermiddleclassandprefersproducts
andstorespositionedtowardhissocialclasslevel.WhichtermbestdescribesBuzz?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
workingclassstiff
"blueblood"class
whitecollarworker
workingclassaristocrat
nocollarworker
77. Whichsocialclassconsistsofindividualswhoarepoorlyeducated,haveverylowincomes,andworkas
unskilledlaborers?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lowerlowerclass
upperlowerclass
workingclass
lowermiddleclass
middleclass
4-16
78. Earldidnotcompletehighschoolandworksasajanitorattwojobs.Hisincomeisverylow,andhedoes
notpossessanyskillstohelphimgetabetterpayingjob.WhichsocialclassbestdescribesEarl?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lowerlowerclass
upperlowerclass
workingclass
lowermiddleclass
middleclass
79. Whichsocialclasshaslowincomesandminimaleducation,maybeunemployedforlongperiodsoftime,
andisthemajorrecipientofgovernmentsupportandservicesprovidedbynonprofitorganizations?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
lowerlowerclass
upperlowerclass
workingclass
lowermiddleclass
middleclass
80. Whattwobasicapproachesareusedtomeasuresocialstatus?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
primaryandsecondarymeasures
singleitemandmultiitemindexes
positionandstatusmeasures
incomeandoccupationindexes
incomeandeducationmeasures
81. WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommonsingleitemindexofsocialclass?
A.
education
B.
occupation
C.
income
D.
age
E. Alloftheabovearecommonsingleitemindexesofsocialclass.
82. IntheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition,whichisTRUE?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Occupationisgivenahigherweightthaneducation.
Occupationisgiventhesameweightaseducation.
Incomeisgivenahigherweightthanoccupation.
Occupationisgivenalowerweightthaneducation.
Incomeisgivenalowerweightthaneducation.
True / False Questions

4-17
83. Demographicsdescribeapopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure.
TrueFalse
84. Educationisprobablythemostwidelyappliedsinglecueweusetoinitiallyevaluateanddefineindividuals
wemeet.
TrueFalse
85. Morethan50percentofAmericanshavecompletedcollege.
TrueFalse
86. Educationprovidesacompleteexplanationforconsumptionpatterns.
TrueFalse
87. Incomeenablespurchasesbutdoesnotgenerallycauseorexplainthem.
TrueFalse
88. Adjustedgrossincome(AGI)isanestimatebytheconsumerofhowmuchmoneyheorshehasavailable
tospendonnonessentials.
TrueFalse
89. Gerontographicsisonesegmentationapproachtothematuremarketthatincorporatesagingprocessesand
lifeeventstothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers.
TrueFalse
90. TheDepressiongenerationiscomposedofthoseindividualsbornbefore1930.
TrueFalse
91. Babyboomersarecharacterizedbyhigheducationlevels,highincomes,anddualcareerhouseholds.
TrueFalse
92. ThebabyboomgenerationisthefirstAmericangenerationtoseriouslyconfronttheissueof"reduced
expectations."
TrueFalse
93. GenerationXisfacingthemajorchallengeofbeingthecaretakeroftheirparents.
TrueFalse
94. Thechildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomers,generationYbornbetween1977and1994,aresometimes
referredtoasthe"babybust"generation.
TrueFalse
4-18
95. Thenewestgenerationbornafter1994isknownastheMillennials.
TrueFalse
96. GenerationZaremore"risktakers"thanGenerationXorGenerationY.
TrueFalse
97. Manyupperupperclassconsumersexhibit"conspicuousconsumption."
TrueFalse
98. TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)isbasedonfoursocioeconomicfactors:occupation,
sourceofincome,housetype,anddwellingarea.
TrueFalse
99. TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)takesintoconsiderationtherapidexpansionoftheroleof
women.
TrueFalse
100.Accordingtothe"consumerinsight"inyourtext,socialclassisthetrue"root"orunderlyingcauseofthe
observedpatternthatlowerSESconsumershavepoorqualitydiets.
TrueFalse
Essay Questions
101.Definetheterm"demographics,"explainwhyitisimportanttounderstanddemographicsinmarketing,and
discussthemajordemographicvariablesofinteresttomarketers.
4-19
102.Nameandbrieflydescribethesixgenerationsdiscussedinthischapter.
103.ThebabyboommarketisthelargestgenerationalsegmentinAmerica,butalsooneofthemostdiverse.
Whatarethecommonstereotypesoftheboomermarket,andprovideinsightastosegmentation
opportunities.
104.Definetheterm"socialclasssystem,"andlistthesocialclassesrelevantintheUnitedStates.
105.Discussthetwobasicapproachestomeasuringsocialstatus.
4-20
Chapter04TheChangingAmericanSociety:DemographicsandSocial
StratificationAnswerKey
Multiple Choice Questions

1.
Digitalsavvyconsumersareleadingedgedigitaluserswhoareearlyadoptersanddiffusersof
informationrelatedtotechnologyintermsof____.
A.
Internetusage
B.
technologyownership
C.
cellphoneusage
D.
AandB
alloftheabove
E.
ScarboroughResearchidentifieddigitalsavvyconsumersintermsoftechnologybehaviors,
demographics,andmedia.
AACSB:AnalyticalThinking
Accessibility:KeyboardNavigation
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:1Easy
LearningObjective:0401Understandthecriticalrolethatdemographicsplayininfluencingconsumerbehavior
Topic:TheChangingAmericanSociety:DemographicsandSocialStratification
2.
Whichofthefollowingdescribesapopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure?
A.
geographics
B.
psychographics
demographics
C.
D.
censographics
E.
behaviorgraphics
Demographicsdescribeapopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:Demographics
4-21
3.
Harriettwantstodescribethepopulationofanewmarketinwhichherfirmwishestoenter.Shewants
todescribethepopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure.Whichofthefollowingshould
sheuse?
A.
psychographics
B.
behaviorgraphics
C.
censographics
demographics
D.
E.
geographics
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Demographics
4.
Age,gender,education,occupation,andincomeareexamplesof_____variables.
demographic
A.
B.
holographic
C.
geographic
D.
psychographic
E.
censographics
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:Demographics
5.
WhatistheapproximatepopulationoftheUnitedStatestoday?
A.
100million
B.
249million
320million
C.
D.
350million
E.
498million
ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisapproximately320million.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:PopulationSizeandDistribution
4-22
6.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonthepopulationoftheUnitedStateshasgrownsteadilysince
1960?
A.
longerlifeexpectancies
B. increasingbirthrateformostoftheperiodbetween1960andtoday
C.
immigration
D.
babyboomersmovingthroughchildbearingyears
E. AlloftheabovearereasonsthepopulationoftheUnitedStateshasgrown.
Thepopulationhasgrownsteadilysince1960despitebirthratesthatwereonastrongdeclinethrough
themid1970sandbirthratesthathavebeenrelativelysteadysince.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
7.
WhichofthefollowingisTRUEregardingthesizeanddistributionofthepopulationoftheUnited
States?
A. ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisapproximately250milliontoday.
B. Thepopulationhasgrownsteadilysince1960duetobirthratesthathavealwaysbeenonthe
increase.
C. ThegrowthhasnotbeeneventhroughouttheUnitedStates.
D. Midweststates,suchasMichiganandIllinois,areexpectedtogrowdramaticallyinthenext10
years.
E. ThepopulationoftheUnitedStateshascontinuedtodecreasesince1960.
PopulationgrowthhasnotbeeneventhroughouttheUnitedStates,norisitexpectedtobesointhe
future.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
8.
Whichofthefollowingisthemostwidelyappliedsinglecueweusetoinitiallyevaluateanddefine
individualswemeet?
A.
age
B.
income
occupation
C.
D.
gender
E.
education
One'soccupationprovidesstatus,education,andincomeinformation.
4-23
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Occupation
9.
Whichofthefollowingisstronglyassociatedwithoccupation?
A.
income
B.
education
C.
age
AandB
D.
E.
A,B,andC
One'soccupationprovidesstatus,education,andincomeinformation.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Occupation
10.
ApproximatelywhatpercentageoftheU.S.populationhasahighschooldegree?
A.
25percent
B.
40percent
C.
50percent
D.
75percent
87percent
E.
Approximately87percentoftheU.S.populationhasahighschooldegree.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:Education
11.
ApproximatelywhatpercentageoftheU.S.populationhascompletedcollege?
30percent
A.
B.
43percent
C.
50percent
D.
75percent
E.
87percent
Approximately30percentoftheU.S.populationhascompletedcollege.
Blooms:Remember
4-24
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:Education
12.
Juanisinterestedinknowingoccupationalinfluencesonpurchasesofsatelliteradiosystems.Whichof
thefollowingoccupationsaremostlikelytopurchasethistypeofproduct?
A.
wholesaleandretailtrade
professional,scientificandtechnical
B.
C.
miningandconstruction
D.
AandC
E.
alloftheabove
Professional,scientific,andtechnicaloccupationsaremostlikelytopurchasesatelliteradiosystems.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:Occupation
13.
WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingeducationisFALSE?
A. Educationisincreasinglycriticalfora"familywage"job.
B. Traditionalhighpayingmanufacturingjobsthatrequiredrelativelylittleeducationarerapidly
disappearing.
C.
Educationclearlydrivesincomeintoday'seconomy.
D. Educationdoesnotinfluencehowonethinks,makesdecisions,andrelatestoothers.
E. Educationhasastronginfluenceonone'stastesandpreferences.
Educationinfluenceshowonethinks,makesdecisions,andrelatestoothers.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:Education
14.
Ahousehold'spurchasingpowerisafunctionofwhichofthefollowing?
incomeandaccumulatedwealth
A.
B.
ageandgender
C.
incomeandeducation
D.
occupationandincome
E.
socialclassandeducation
Ahousehold'spurchasingpowerisafunctionofincomeandaccumulatedwealth.
Blooms:Remember
4-25
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
15.
Whencomparingincomelevelsbyeducationandgender,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A. Menandwomenearnaboutthesameincomeiftheyhavethesameeducation.
B. Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomenonearningsoccursmostlyatthelowereducationlevels.
C. Thedifferencebetweenmenandwomenonearningsoccursmostlyatthehighereducationlevels.
Menearnmorethanwomenateachlevelofeducation.
D.
E.
Womenearnmorethanmenateachlevelofeducation.
Intexttableshowsthatateachlevelofeducation,menearnmorethanwomen.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:Education
16.
Budweiserisapopularbrandofbeer.Partofthiscompany'smarketresearchofU.S.consumerslooked
ateducationlevelsofbeerconsumers.Whateducationlevelisthelikelyconsumerofbeer(thatwith
highestpropensitytobuyandconsumerbeer)tohaveattained?
didnotgraduatehighschool
A.
B.
graduatedhighschool
C.
attendedcollege
D.
graduatedcollege
E.
noneoftheabove
ThisistheeducationlevelfoundtobeassociatedwiththehighestconsumptionofbeerintheSimmons
marketresearchdata.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
4-26
17.
Whatisthemovementcalledinwhichcompanieshaveexpandedopportunitiesforlessaffluent
consumerstoaffordluxury?
A.
masstoclass
classtomass
B.
C.
moretoall
D.
oneforall
E.
allforone
Classtomassisthemovementinwhichcompanieshaveexpandedopportunitiesforlessaffluent
consumerstoaffordluxury.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
18.
Anestimatebytheconsumerofhowmuchmoneyheorshehasavailabletospendonnonessentialsis
knownas_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Subjectivediscretionaryincome(SDI)isanestimatebytheconsumerofhowmuchmoneyheorshe
hasavailabletospendonnonessentials.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
19.
(p.115)
TheMartins'householdincomeis$123,000peryear.However,thisfamilyestimatesthattheyhave
$45,000availabletospendonnonessentialssuchasvacationsandentertainment.The$45,000
representstheMartins'_____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
4-27
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
20.
WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardingageisTRUE?
A.
Properagepositioningiscriticalformanyproducts.
B.
Ageaffectsaconsumer'sselfconceptandlifestyle.
C.
Ourageshapesthemediaweuse.
D. Analyzingagecohortgroupsorgenerationsoftenprovidesmoremeaningfulsegmentsand
marketingstrategiesthanmerelylookingatcensusagegroups.
Alloftheabovearetrue.
E.
Someconsumptionbehaviorsvarywithage.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:Age
21.
Whichagecategoryisexpectedtoexperiencethelargestpercentageincreasebetween2010and2020?
A.
<10
B.
2029
C.
4049
6069
D.
E.
>69
The6069agecategoryisexpectedtoexperiencethelargestpercentageincreasebetween2010and
2020.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Age
4-28
22.
Procter&Gambleisamajorconsumerpackagedgoodsmanufacturer.Whichagecategoryprovidesthe
greatestopportunityforP&Gintermsofgrowthbetween2010and2020?
A.
<10
B.
2029
C.
4049
6069
D.
E.
>69
The6069agecategoryisexpectedtoexperiencethelargestpercentageincreasebetween2010and
2020.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Age
23.
One'sperceivedage,apartofone'sselfconcept,isknownas_____.
A.
feltage
B.
realage
cognitiveage
C.
D.
perceptualage
E.
chronologicalage
Cognitiveageisone'sperceivedage.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Age
24.
Gertrudeis93yearsold,butsheperceivesherselftobeabout65yearsold.SixtyfiveisGertrude's
_____age.
A.
feltage
B.
realage
cognitiveage
C.
D.
perceptualage
E.
chronologicalage
Cognitiveageisone'sperceivedage.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Age
4-29
25.
Whichofthefollowingvariablesisassociatedwithcognitiveage?
A.
health
B.
education
C.
income
D.
socialsupport
alloftheabove
E.
Betterhealthandhighereducation,income,andsocialsupportleadtoreductionsincognitiveage.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:Age
26.
Samisahealthy75yearoldman.Heisaretiredattorney;hasasubstantialretirementincome;andisa
memberofseveralsocialgroupsthattravel,helpothers,andencouragelifelonglearning.Whichofthe
followingismostlikelytrueaboutSam?
Sam'scognitiveageislessthan75.
A.
B.
C.
Sam'scognitiveageisgreaterthan75.
D.
E.
Betterhealthandhighereducation,income,andsocialsupportleadtoreductionsincognitiveage.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Age
27.
A(n)_____isagroupofpersonswhohaveexperiencedacommonsocial,political,historical,and
economicenvironment.
A.
censusagegroup
agecohort
B.
C.
cognitivegroup
D.
chronologicalgroup
E.
demographicgroup
Agecohorts,becausetheirsharedhistoriesproduceuniquesharedvaluesandbehaviors,oftenfunction
asuniquemarketsegments.
Blooms:Remember
4-30
Difficulty:2Medium
LearningObjective:0402DefinetheconceptofgenerationsanddiscussthegenerationsthatexistinAmerica
Topic:UnderstandingAmericanGenerations
28.
_____istheprocessofdescribingandexplainingtheattitudes,values,andbehaviorsofanagegroupas
wellaspredictingitsfutureattitudes,values,andbehaviors.
A.
Censusanalysis
B.
Demographicanalysis
C.
Generationanalysis
D.
Cognitiveanalysis
Cohortanalysis
E.
Eachgenerationbehavesdifferentlyfromothergenerationsasitpassesthroughvariousagecategories.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
29.
Mariaisanalyzingthebabyboomgenerationbydescribingandexplainingitsattitudes,values,and
behaviorsaswellaspredictingitsfutureattitudes,values,andbehaviors.Mariaisconductinga_____
analysis.
cohort
A.
B.
generational
C.
demographic
D.
census
E.
cognitive
Eachgenerationbehavesdifferentlyfromothergenerationsasitpassesthroughvariousagecategories.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
4-31
30.
_____dealswiththematuremarketandisbasedonthetheorythatpeoplechangetheiroutlookonlife
whentheyexperiencemajorlifeeventssuchasbecomingagrandparent,retiring,losingaspouse,or
developingchronichealthconditions.
A.
Demographics
Gerontographics
B.
C.
Cognitivepsychology
D.
Cohortanalysis
E.
Generationalanalysis
Gerontographicsisonesegmentationapproachtothematuremarketthatincorporatesagingprocesses
andlifeeventsrelatedtothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:PreDepressionGeneration
31.
Individualsbornbefore1930belongtowhichgeneration?
A.
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
Individualsbornbefore1930belongtothepreDepressiongeneration.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
32.
Haroldwasbornin1923.HeenteredyoungadulthoodduringWorldWarIIandservedintheNavy
duringthatwar.Hehaswitnessedradicalsocial,economic,andtechnologicalchangeinhislifetime.To
whichgenerationdoeshebelong?
A.
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
Individualsbornbefore1930belongtothepreDepressiongeneration.
Blooms:Understand
4-32
Difficulty:2Medium
33.
Consumers55yearsofageandoverconstitutethe_____market.
A.
babyboom
mature
B.
C.
generational
D.
gerontological
E.
aging
Consumers55yearsofageandoverconstitutethematuremarket.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
34.
Elsieandhertwosistersareallintheirmidtolate60s.Theyarepartofthe_____market.
A.
GenerationX
mature
B.
C.
generational
D.
gerontological
E.
aging
Consumers55yearsofageandoverconstitutethematuremarket.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
35.
WhichgenerationisNOTpartofthematuremarket?
A.
preDepression
B.
Depression
GenerationX
C.
D.
babyboom
E.
Alloftheabovearepartofthematuremarket.
GenerationXisnotpartofthematuremarket.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
4-33
36.
Whichofthefollowingisasegmentationapproachtothematuremarketthatincorporatesaging
processesandlifeeventsrelatedtothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers?
gerontographics
A.
B.
cognitivepsychology
C.
demographics
D.
ageographics
E.
censographics
Gerontographicsisasegmentationapproachtothematuremarketthatincorporatesagingprocessesand
lifeeventsrelatedtothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
37.
Whichcohortwasbornbetween1930and1945?
A.
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
TheDepressiongenerationwasbornbetween1930and1945.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:DepressionGeneration
38.
Xavierwasbornin1940.HewastooyoungtorememberWorldWarII,andhematuredduringthe
prosperousyearsofthe1950sandearly1960s.Hisfavoritesingerwas,andstillis,ElvisPresley.To
whichgenerationdoeshebelong?
A.
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
TheDepressiongenerationwasbornbetween1930and1945.
4-34
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
39.
Whichgeneration"invented"rockandrollandgrewupwithmusicandtelevisionasimportantpartsof
theirlives?
A.
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
TheDepressiongeneration"invented"rockandrollandgrewupwithmusicandtelevisionasimportant
partsoftheirlives.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
40.
Whichofthefollowingisasegmentofmatureconsumers?
A.
HealthyIndulgers
B.
AilingOutgoers
C.
HealthyHermits
D.
FrailRecluses
alloftheabove
E.
FoursegmentsofmatureconsumersareHealthyIndulgers,AilingOutgoers,HealthyHermits,andFrail
Recluses.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
4-35
41.
Whichsegmentofmatureconsumersisphysicallyandmentallyhealthyandisthusactive,independent,
andouttoenjoylife?
HealthyIndulgers
A.
B.
AilingIndulgers
C.
AilingOutgoers
D.
FrailRecluses
E.
HealthyHermits
HealthyIndulgersarephysicallyandmentallyhealthyandarethusactive,independent,andouttoenjoy
life.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:PreGenerationGeneration
42.
_____haveexperiencedhealthproblemsthatlimittheirphysicalactivities,buttheirpositiveoutlook
meanstheyremainactivewithinphysicalconstraints.
A.
HealthyHermits
B.
AilingIndulgers
AilingOutgoers
C.
D.
FrailRecluses
E.
HealthyRecluses
AilingOutgoershavehealthproblemsthatlimittheirphysicalabilities,buttheirpositiveoutlookmeans
theyremainactivewithinfinancialconstraints.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
43.
Peopleinthisgroupretaintheirphysicalhealth,butlifeevents(i.e.,deathofaspouse)havereduced
theirselfconcept,andtheybecomewithdrawn.
A.
HealthyIndulgers
B.
AilingOutgoers
HealthyHermits
C.
D.
FrailRecluses
E.
AilingIndulgers
HealthyHermitsarephysicallyhealthy,butlifeevents,oftenthedeathofaspouse,havereducedtheir
selfconcept,andtheyhavebecomewithdrawn.
4-36
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
44.
Thissegmentofmatureconsumershasacceptedtheiroldagestatusandhasadjustedtheirlifestylesto
reflectreducedphysicalcapabilitiesandsocialroles.
A.
HealthyIndulger
B.
AilingOutgoer
C.
HealthyHermit
FrailRecluse
D.
E.
AilingHermit
FrailRecluseshaveacceptedtheiroldagestatusandhaveadjustedtheirlifestylestoreflectreduced
physicalcapabilitiesandsocialroles.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
45.
Whichofthefollowingistrueregardingthebabyboommarket?
Boomersaretechsavvy.
A.
B.
Boomersareemptynesterswhoaredownsizing.
C.
Boomersareretiringearlyandwealthy.
D.
Boomershavethesamevaluesandoutlook.
E.
Boomersareselfcentered.
TheInternetandmobiletechnologyareanimportantpartofmanyboomers'lives.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:BabyBoomGeneration
46.
Thelargest,mostdiversegenerationalsegmentis____.
A.
GenerationX
B.
GenerationY
C.
GenerationZ
babyboomers
D.
E.
tweens
Babyboomersarethelargest,mostdiversegenerationalsegment.
4-37
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
47.
Whichboomersegment,identifiedbyFocalyst,ishighlyconnectedwithfriendsandcommunity,which
mayexplaintheirpositiveoutlook?
A.
yesterday
B.
today
tomorrow
C.
D.
futurists
E.
optimists
Thetomorrowgroupbelievesthatthefuturewillbebetterthantodayandremainspositiveaboutthe
futuredespitenegativefinancialorhealthevents.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
48.
Whichgenerationaltermreferstothoseindividualsbornduringthedramaticincreaseofbirths(i.e.,
almost80millionbabybirths)betweentheendofWorldWarIIand1964?
A.
B.
babyboomgeneration
C.
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
ThebabyboomgenerationwasbornbetweentheendofWorldWarIIand1964.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
4-38
49.
Johnwasbornin1955,andhehasonlyknownprosperityinhislifetime.HerememberswhenPresident
Kennedywasassassinated,primarilybecausehisfamilypurchasedtheirfirstcolortelevisionnotlong
afterthatevent.WhileherememberstheVietnamWar,hewastooyoungtobedrafted.Towhich
A.
B.
babyboomgeneration
C.
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
50.
Whichgenerationisconsideredtobemoreselfcentered,individualistic,economicallyoptimistic,
skeptical,suspiciousofauthority,andfocusedonthepresentthanothergenerations?
A.
B.
babyboomgeneration
C.
D.
GenerationX
E.
GenerationY
Thebabyboomgenerationisconsideredtobemoreselfcentered,individualistic,economically
optimistic,skeptical,suspiciousofauthority,andfocusedonthepresentthanothergenerations.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
51.
Robertandhiswife,Jan,werebothborninthe1950s.Thelastoftheirthreechildrenwillgraduatefrom
collegesoon,whichisleavingthemwithincreaseddiscretionaryincomeandtime.Towhichgeneration
doRobertandJanbelong?
A.
B.
babyboomgeneration
C.
D.
GenerationZ
E.
GenerationY
4-39
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
52.
Whichofthefollowingisareasonmorebabyboomerscontinuetoworklongerthanprevious
generations?
A.
necessityduetoalowincomeofsomebabyboomers
B.
necessityduetoapoorpensionplan
C. necessityduetochangesinSocialSecurityincreasingtheageatwhichfullbenefitscanbedrawn
D. increaseddesiretostayactiveininterestingandrewardingcareers
alloftheabove
E.
Babyboomerscontinuetoworklongerthanpreviousgenerationsforeconomicandcareerreasons.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:1Easy
53.
Whichgenerationwasbornbetween1965and1976?
A.
GenerationZ
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
D.
E.
GenerationY
GenerationXwasbornbetween1965and1976.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationX
4-40
54.
Nickwasbornin1972.Aslongashecanremember,hismotherworkedoutsidethehome.Whenhe
was12,hisparentsdivorced,whichwashardonhim,butthesamethinghappenedtoseveralofhis
friends.Whenbothofhisparentsremarried,hisviewofafamilychangedtoincludeallofhis
stepsistersandbrothers.Towhichgenerationdoeshebelong?
A.
GenerationZ
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
D.
E.
GenerationY
GenerationXwasbornbetween1965and1976.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationX
55.
Whichgenerationisbothcynicalandsophisticatedaboutproducts,ads,andshopping?
A.
GenerationY
GenerationX
B.
C.
babyboom
D.
echoboom
E.
boomerang
GenerationXisnoteasytoread;itisbothcynicalandsophisticatedaboutproducts,ads,andshopping.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationX
56.
Whichgenerationwasthefirsttogainaverybroadviewofafamily,whichmayincludeparents,
siblings,stepparents,halfsiblings,closefriends,liveinlovers,andothers?
A.
B.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
C.
D.
GenerationY
E.
Millennials
GenerationXwasthefirsttogainaverybroadviewofafamily,whichmayincludeparents,siblings,
stepparents,halfsiblings,closefriends,liveinlovers,andothers.
Blooms:Remember
4-41
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationX
57.
Rogerisanadultwhohasmovedbackinwithhisparents.Hedoesn'tbelieveinsacrificingtime,
energy,andrelationstotheextentheseesolderworkersdoforthesakeofcareeroreconomic
advancement.Hehasamaster'sdegreebutdoesnotwanttoworkforalargecorporation.Towhich
generationdoesRogermostlikelybelong?
A.
B.
C.
babyboomgeneration
GenerationX
D.
E.
GenerationY
ManyGenerationXersdonotbelieveinsacrificingtime,energy,andrelationstotheextenttheboomers
didforthesakeofcareeroreconomicadvancement.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationX
58.
Individualsbornbetween1977and1994belongtowhichgeneration?
A.
babyboom
B.
GenerationX
GenerationY
C.
D.
GenerationZ
E.
GenerationYindividualswerebornbetween1977and1994.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationY
4-42
59.
Amiewasbornin1991.Hermotherisacollegeprofessor,andherfatherisanattorney.She'snotsure
whatshewantstodowhenshegrowsup,butsheknowsshewillgotocollegeandembarkonacareer
ofherown.Shewasamazedwhenhergrandmothertoldherthatwomenreallycouldn'tdothatwhen
shewasyoung.Ifawomandidwork,choiceswereusuallylimitedtobecomingateacher,asecretary,
oranurse.Hergrandmothertoldherthatshewasasecretary,butaftershestartedhavingchildren,she
lefttheworkforceandstayedhometoraiseherchildren,whichwascommonformostwomenatthat
time.ThatconceptwastotallyforeigntoAmie.Towhichgenerationdoesshebelong?
A.
babyboom
B.
GenerationX
GenerationY
C.
D.
GenerationZ
E.
GenerationYisthefirstgenerationtogrowupwithvirtuallyfullemploymentopportunitiesforwomen.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationY
60.
Thechildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomersareknownas_____.
A.
thebabybustgeneration
B.
GenerationX
GenerationY
C.
D.
GenerationZ
E.
theMillennialgeneration
ThechildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomersareknownasGenerationY.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationY
61.
GenerationYissometimesreferredtoasthe_____.
A.
babybustgeneration
echoboom
B.
C.
boomerangs
D.
babyboomlet
E.
stepboomers
GenerationYissometimesreferredtoastheechoboom.
4-43
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationY
62.
Placingadsinvideogamesisknownas_____.
A.
videoadvertising
B.
integratedadvertising
advergaming
C.
D.
messageintegration
E.
entertainmentintegration
Placingadsinvideogamesisknownasadvergaming.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationY
63.
Thenewestgenerationbornafter1994isreferredtoas_____.
A.
thebabyboomgeneration
B.
GenerationX
C.
GenerationY
GenerationZ
D.
E.
tweens
Thenewestgenerationbornafter1994isreferredtoasGenerationZ.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationZ
64.
Erinis12yearsold.WhichlabelisappropriateforErin?
A.
littlekid
B.
bigkid
C.
GenerationX
GenerationZ
D.
E.
youngadult
Thenewestgenerationbornafter1994isreferredtoasGenerationZ.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
4-44
Topic:GenerationZ
65.
Stephanieis17andbelongstothehighschooldrillteam.OneofherbestfriendsisBobby,theteam
managerwhoisopenlygay.WhichlabelisappropriateforStephanie?
A.
tween
GenerationZ
B.
C.
GenerationX
D.
youngadult
E.
gayfriendlyteen
GenerationZacceptsdiversity,includinghavingagayfriend.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationZ
66.
Lateadolescentsandearlyteensareknownas_________.
A.
littlekids
B.
bigkids
tweens
C.
D.
GenerationX
E.
youngadults
Lateadolescentsandearlyteensareknownastweens.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationZ
67.
One'spositionrelativetoothersononeormoredimensionsvaluedbysocietyisknownasone's_____.
societalrank
A.
B.
socialstatus
C.
socialstanding
D.
socialsphere
E.
socialrealm
Societalrankisone'spositionrelativetoothersononeormoredimensionsvaluedbysociety.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
LearningObjective:0403Explaintheconceptofsocialstratificationandtherolethatsocioeconomicfactorsplay
4-45
Topic:SocialStratification
68.
Ahierarchicaldivisionofasocietyintorelativelydistinctandhomogeneousgroupswithrespectto
attitudes,values,andlifestylesisknownasa_____.
A.
socialstratum
socialclasssystem
B.
C.
castesystem
D.
socialcontinuum
E.
societalranking
Socialclasssystemisahierarchicaldivisionofasocietyintorelativelydistinctandhomogeneous
groupswithrespecttoattitudes,values,andlifestyles.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
69.
Themoreconsistentanindividualisonallstatusdimensions,thegreaterthedegreeof_____forthe
individual.
A.
statusmaturity
B.
statuspermanence
C.
statusinflexibility
statuscrystallization
D.
E.
statusflexibility
Themoreconsistentanindividualisonallstatusdimensions,thegreaterthedegreeofstatus
crystallizationfortheindividual.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
4-46
70.
Carlisaphysicianearning$300,000peryear.UsingtheColemanRainwatersystem,identifythesocial
classtowhichCarlbelongs
A.
upperupper.
B.
lowerupper.
uppermiddle.
C.
D.
middle.
E.
working.
Theuppermiddleclassconsistsofcollegegraduatemanagersandprofessionals;theirlifestylecenters
oncareer,privateclubs,causes,andthearts.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
LearningObjective:0404IdentifyanddiscussthemajorsocialclassesinAmerica
Topic:SocialStructureintheUnitedStates
71.
Whichtermdescribesconsumers'purchaseanduseofautomobiles,homes,yachts,clothes,andsoforth
primarilytodemonstratetheirgreatwealth?
conspicuousconsumption
A.
B.
outrageousconsumption
C.
obnoxiousconsumption
D.
nouveauxconsumption
E.
"blueblood"consumption
Conspicuousconsumptionisthetermthatdescribesconsumers'purchaseanduseofautomobiles,
homes,yachts,clothes,andsoforthprimarilytodemonstratetheirgreatwealthy.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:UpperAmericans
72.
Nouveauxrichesaremostcommonlyassociatedwiththe_____.
A.
uppermiddleclass
B.
middleclass
lowerupperclass
C.
D.
upperupperclass
E.
noneoftheabove
Nouveauxrichesaremostcommonlyassociatedwiththelowerupperclass.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
4-47
73.
Theuppermiddleclassachievetheirsocialpositionprimarily_____.
A.
throughtheirunusuallyhighincomes
bytheiroccupationandcareerorientation
B.
C.
throughinheritedposition
D.
throughtheirchildren'saccomplishments
E.
noneoftheabove
Theuppermiddleclassachievestheirsocialpositionprimarilybytheiroccupationandcareer
orientation.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
74.
Whichsocialclassconsistsofskilledandsemiskilledfactory,service,andsalesworkers?
A.
uppermiddle
B.
middleclass
workingclass
C.
D.
upperlowerclass
E.
lowerlowerclass
Theworkingclassisthesocialclassthatconsistsofskilledandsemiskilledfactory,service,andsales
workers.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:MiddleAmericans
75.
Whichsocialclassconsistsofofficeworkers,schoolteachers,lowerlevelmanagers,plumbers,and
factorysupervisors?
A.
uppermiddle
B.
workingclass
C.
lowerclass
middleclass
D.
E.
lowerlowerclass
Themiddleclassconsistsofofficeworkers,schoolteachers,lowerlevelmanagers,plumbers,and
factorysupervisors.
4-48
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
76.
Buzzisaselfemployedconstructionworker.Heisproudofhisabilitytodo"realwork"andsees
himselfastheoftenunappreciatedbackboneofAmerica.Hedislikestheuppermiddleclassandprefers
productsandstorespositionedtowardhissocialclasslevel.WhichtermbestdescribesBuzz?
A.
workingclassstiff
B.
"blueblood"class
C.
whitecollarworker
workingclassaristocrat
D.
E.
nocollarworker
Manyworkingclassaristocratsdisliketheuppermiddleclassandpreferproductsandstorespositioned
attheirsocialclasslevel.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
77.
Whichsocialclassconsistsofindividualswhoarepoorlyeducated,haveverylowincomes,andworkas
unskilledlaborers?
A.
lowerlowerclass
upperlowerclass
B.
C.
workingclass
D.
lowermiddleclass
E.
middleclass
Upperlowerclassareindividualswhoarepoorlyeducated,haveverylowincomes,andworkas
unskilledlaborers.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:LowerAmericans
4-49
78.
Earldidnotcompletehighschoolandworksasajanitorattwojobs.Hisincomeisverylow,andhe
doesnotpossessanyskillstohelphimgetabetterpayingjob.WhichsocialclassbestdescribesEarl?
A.
lowerlowerclass
upperlowerclass
B.
C.
workingclass
D.
lowermiddleclass
E.
middleclass
Upperlowerclassareindividualswhoarepoorlyeducated,haveverylowincomes,andworkas
unskilledlaborers.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
79.
Whichsocialclasshaslowincomesandminimaleducation,maybeunemployedforlongperiodsof
time,andisthemajorrecipientofgovernmentsupportandservicesprovidedbynonprofit
organizations?
lowerlowerclass
A.
B.
upperlowerclass
C.
workingclass
D.
lowermiddleclass
E.
middleclass
Membersofthelowerlowerclasshaveverylowincomesandminimaleducation.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
80.
Whattwobasicapproachesareusedtomeasuresocialstatus?
A.
primaryandsecondarymeasures
singleitemandmultiitemindexes
B.
C.
positionandstatusmeasures
D.
incomeandoccupationindexes
E.
incomeandeducationmeasures
Thetwobasicapproachesusedtomeasuresocialstatusaresingleitemandmultiitemindexes.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
4-50
LearningObjective:0405Understandhowsocialclassismeasured
Topic:TheMeasurementofSocialClass
81.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTacommonsingleitemindexofsocialclass?
A.
education
B.
occupation
C.
income
age
D.
E. Alloftheabovearecommonsingleitemindexesofsocialclass.
Ageisnotacommonsingleitemindexofsocialclass.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
82.
IntheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition,whichisTRUE?
Occupationisgivenahigherweightthaneducation.
A.
B.
Occupationisgiventhesameweightaseducation.
C.
Incomeisgivenahigherweightthanoccupation.
D.
Occupationisgivenalowerweightthaneducation.
E.
Incomeisgivenalowerweightthaneducation.
OccupationisgivenahigherweightthaneducationintheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
True / False Questions

83.
TRUE
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:Demographics
4-51
84.
Educationisprobablythemostwidelyappliedsinglecueweusetoinitiallyevaluateanddefine
individualswemeet.
FALSE
Occupationisthemostwidelyappliedsinglecueweusetoinitiallyevaluateanddefineindividualswe
meet.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Occupation
85.
Morethan50percentofAmericanshavecompletedcollege.
FALSE
Approximately30percentofAmericanshavecompletedcollege.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Education
86.
Educationprovidesacompleteexplanationforconsumptionpatterns.
FALSE
Educationseldomprovidesacompleteexplanationforconsumptionpatterns,althoughithasastrong
influenceonone'stastesandpreferences.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:Education
87.
Incomeenablespurchasesbutdoesnotgenerallycauseorexplainthem.
TRUE
Occupationandeducationdirectlyinfluencepreferencesforproducts,media,andactivities;income
providesthemeanstoacquirethem.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
4-52
88.
Adjustedgrossincome(AGI)isanestimatebytheconsumerofhowmuchmoneyheorshehas
availabletospendonnonessentials.
FALSE
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Income
89.
andlifeeventstothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers.
TRUE
andlifeeventstothephysicalhealthandmentaloutlookofolderconsumers.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
90.
TheDepressiongenerationiscomposedofthoseindividualsbornbefore1930.
FALSE
ThepreDepressiongenerationiscomposedofthoseindividualsbornbefore1930.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
91.
Babyboomersarecharacterizedbyhigheducationlevels,highincomes,anddualcareerhouseholds.
TRUE
Babyboomersarecharacterizedbyhigheducationlevels,highincomes,anddualcareerhouseholds.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
4-53
92.
ThebabyboomgenerationisthefirstAmericangenerationtoseriouslyconfronttheissueof"reduced
expectations."
FALSE
GenerationXisthefirstAmericangenerationtoseriouslyconfronttheissueof"reducedexpectations."
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:GenerationX
93.
GenerationXisfacingthemajorchallengeofbeingthecaretakeroftheirparents.
FALSE
Babyboomersarefacingthemajorchallengeofbeingthecaretakeroftheirparents.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
94.
Thechildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomers,generationYbornbetween1977and1994,aresometimes
referredtoasthe"babybust"generation.
FALSE
Thechildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomersaresometimesreferredtoasthe"echoboom."
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:GenerationY
95.
Thenewestgenerationbornafter1994isknownastheMillennials.
FALSE
Thegenerationbornbetween1995and2009islabeledtheMillennials.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:GenerationZ
4-54
96.
GenerationZaremore"risktakers"thanGenerationXorGenerationY.
FALSE
Thisgrouptendstoavoidriskybehaviorandactinaresponsiblemanner.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
Topic:GenerationZ
97.
Manyupperupperclassconsumersexhibit"conspicuousconsumption."
FALSE
Manylowerupperclassconsumersexhibit"conspicuousconsumption."
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:2Medium
98.
TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)isbasedonfoursocioeconomicfactors:occupation,
sourceofincome,housetype,anddwellingarea.
FALSE
TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)isbasedontwosocioeconomicfactors:occupationand
education.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:3Hard
99.
TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)takesintoconsiderationtherapidexpansionoftherole
ofwomen.
FALSE
TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)wasdevelopedbeforetherapidexpansionoftherole
ofwomen.
Blooms:Remember
Difficulty:1Easy
4-55
100.
Accordingtothe"consumerinsight"inyourtext,socialclassisthetrue"root"orunderlyingcauseof
theobservedpatternthatlowerSESconsumershavepoorqualitydiets.
FALSE
Diggingbelowthesurface,wefindissuesofaccesstohealthydietoptionsbothmonetarilyand
physicallythatarerelatedtosocialclass.Socialclassisnottherootcause;theseother(correlated)
barriersaretherootcauses(orsomeofthem).
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
LearningObjective:0406Discussingtheroleofsocialclassindevelopingmarketingstrategies
Topic:SocialStratificationandMarketingStrategy
Essay Questions
101.
Definetheterm"demographics,"explainwhyitisimportanttounderstanddemographicsinmarketing,
anddiscussthemajordemographicvariablesofinteresttomarketers.
Demographicsdescribeapopulationintermsofitssize,distribution,andstructure.Demographics
influenceconsumptionbehaviorsbothdirectlyandbyaffectingotherattributesofindividuals,suchas
theirpersonalvaluesanddecisionstyles.Marketersfrequentlysegmentmarketsonthebasisof
demographicsandusethatinformationtoselectappropriatemediaanddevelopeffectivepromotional
themes.Populationsizeanddistributionareimportanttounderstand,andregionsofthecountryserve
asimportantsubcultureswhosemembershaveuniquetastesandpreferences.Occupationisprobably
themostwidelyappliedsinglecueweusetoinitiallyevaluateanddefineindividualswemeet,andit
influencesallaspectsoftheconsumptionprocess.Educationisanotherdemographicvariableof
interesttomarketersbecauseitinfluenceswhatonecanpurchasebypartiallydeterminingone'sincome
andoccupationandhasastronginfluenceonone'stastesandpreferences.Incomeenablespurchases
butdoesnotgenerallycauseorexplainthem.Thus,incomeisgenerallymoreeffectiveasa
segmentationvariablewhenusedinconjunctionwithotherdemographicvariables.Finally,age
positioningiscriticalformanyproducts.Ageinfluencestheconsumptionofmanyproducts.Whileage
groupsasdefinedbythecensusareoftenausefulwaytounderstandandsegmentamarket,analyzing
agecohortgroupsorgenerationswilloftenprovidemoremeaningfulsegmentsandmarketing
strategies.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:2Medium
Topic:Demographics
4-56
102.
Nameandbrieflydescribethesixgenerationsdiscussedinthischapter.
PreDepressionGenerationcomposedofthoseindividualsbornbefore1930.Theseindividualsgrew
upintraumatictimesandhavewitnessedradicalsocial,economic,andtechnologicalchanges.Asa
group,theyareconservativeandconcernedwithfinancialandpersonalsecurity.
DepressionGenerationcohortbornbetween1930and1945.Theyweresmallchildrenduringthe
DepressionandWorldWarIIandmaturedduringtheprosperousyearsofthe1950sandearly1960s.
Mosthaveorwillsoonretireandhaveaccumulatedsubstantialwealth.Manyarestillinexcellenthealth
andareanimportanttargetsegmentforthetravelindustry.
BabyBoomGenerationbornduringthedramaticincreaseofbirthsbetweentheendofWorldWarII
and1964.Mostofthisgroupgrewupduringtheprosperous1950sand1960s.Theyareconsideredto
bemoreselfcentered,individualistic,economicallyoptimistic,skeptical,suspiciousofauthority,and
focusedonthepresentthanothergenerations.Theyarecharacterizedbyhigheducationlevels,high
incomes,anddualcareerhouseholds.
GenerationXoftenreferredtoasthebabybustgenerationandbornbetween1965and1976.Itis
smallerthanthebabyboomgenerationandreachedadulthoodduringdifficulteconomictimes.They
haveabroadviewoffamilyandarethefirstgenerationtoseriouslyconfronttheissueof"reduced
expectations."Thisgenerationismorehighlyeducatedthanpreviousgenerationsandtendstoblamethe
babyboomgenerationforthedifficultfuturetheyseeforthemselves.
GenerationYchildrenoftheoriginalbabyboomersandbornbetween1977and1994.Theyare
sometimesreferredtoasthe"echoboom."Overall,itisthefirstgenerationtogrowupwithvirtually
fullemploymentopportunitiesforwomen,withdualincomehouseholdsthestandard,andwithawide
arrayoffamilytypesseenasnormal.Thisgenerationischaracterizedbyastrongsenseofindependence
andautonomyandisassertive,selfreliant,emotionallyandintellectuallyexpressive,innovative,and
curious.
GenerationZbornafter1994.Theywilllikelycontinuetrendsinincreasededucation,diversity,and
technologyusage.Thisgenerationvaluespersonalresponsibility,civicengagement,anddiversity.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
4-57
103.
ThebabyboommarketisthelargestgenerationalsegmentinAmerica,butalsooneofthemostdiverse.
Whatarethecommonstereotypesoftheboomermarket,andprovideinsightastosegmentation
opportunities.
Boomersallhavethesamevaluesandoutlook.Thisisfarfromtrue.Boomersarequitedifferentin
valuesandoutlookinpartduetodifferencesinlifeexperiencesrelatingtohealthandfinances.
Boomersareselfcentered.Thephrase"MeGeneration"wascreatedforbabyboomers.However,
manyboomersaremuchmoresociallyandenvironmentallyconsciousthanthatlabelsuggests.One
studyestimatesthatroughlyhalfofallboomersare"GreenBoomers,"meaningtheybuy
environmentallyfriendlyproducts.
Boomersarenottechsavvy.TheInternetandmobiletechnologyareanimportantpartofmany
boomers'lives.Roughly80percentofboomersareonline,androughlyhalfengageinwirelessInternet
use.
Boomersaremarriedemptynesterswhoaredownsizing.Only25percentofboomersaremarried
emptynesters.Nearly40percenthavechildrenundertheageof18livingathomeandmanyalsohave
boomerangchildrenandliveinparents.Othersaresingleswhoareactivelydating.Intermsofhousing,
lessthan10percentofboomersplantodownsizeinthenextfiveyears.
Boomersareallretiringearlyandwealthy.Morethanhalfofallboomersplantoworkand/or
volunteerbeyondtheirretirementage.Oneinsixisontheir"secondcareer"andaboutthesame
percentageisengagedinfurtheringtheireducation.Althoughmanywillcontinuetoworkoutof
enjoyment,manyalsoworkduetofinancialneed,increasesinretirementage,andsoon.Only10
percentofboomersmake$150,000ormoreayear,andthenetworthofthebottom20percentof
boomersisamere$2,480.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
104.
Definetheterm"socialclasssystem,"andlistthesocialclassesrelevantintheUnitedStates.
Socialclasssystemisdefinedasahierarchicaldivisionofasocietyintorelativelydistinctand
homogeneousgroupswithrespecttoattitudes,values,andlifestyles.ThesocialstructureintheUnited
Statesiscomposedof:UpperAmericans(upperupper,lowerupper,anduppermiddleclass),Middle
Americans(middleclassandworkingclass),andLowerAmericans(upperlowerandlowerlower).
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:1Easy
Topic:SocialStructureintheUnitedStates
4-58
105.
Discussthetwobasicapproachestomeasuringsocialstatus.
Thetwobasicapproachestomeasuringsocialstatus:asingleitemindexandamultiitemindex.
Singleitemindexesestimatesocialstatusonthebasisofasingledimension.Thethreemostcommon
singleitemindexesareeducation,occupation,andincome.Researchershavedevelopedmultiitem
indexestomeasuresocialclass.TheHollingsheadIndexofSocialPosition(ISP)isatwoitemindex
thatiswelldevelopedandwidelyusedandisdevelopedusinganoccupationscaleandaneducation
scale.
Blooms:Understand
Difficulty:3Hard
4-59

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