Vodafone

Overvie
w

Prepared By: Ayman Ahmed Abdel Halim

Cairo & Alex Radio Operation Dept.

Vodafone

Agenda
Definitions
Introduction
Node B Overview
RBS Element Manager Overview
Step by step
RBS 3000 Products
References
2

Definitions

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

Abbreviations

UMTS

Universal Mobile Telecommunication Access

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

IP

Internet Protocol

RAN
RNC

Radio Access Network

IMT

International Mobile Telephony

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

UTRAN

UTMS Terrestrial Radio Access Network

RNS

Radio Network Subsystem

IMA

Inverse Multiplexing of ATM

Radio Network Controller

3G Overview

Introduction
3G is a world trend that we should consider
3G structure allows the servers and
MGWs to work in pool, this saves a lot
of un-utilized resources on the network
level compared to 2G network.

WH
Y

In a 3G network, the transcoders are

placed at the edge of the PSTN rather
than on the Radio side like 2G
networks. This leads to a dramatic 75%
reduction of transmission

3G Overview

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Introduction
3G is a world trend that
we should consider
Common use of one backbone
for data and voice saves
investment since the two types of
traffic never peek at the same
time.

World
WorldTrend
Trend
Dynamically
Dynamicallysharing
sharingresources
resourcesbetween
betweenvoice
voiceand
anddata
data- reducing
reducingrequired
requiredcapacity
capacity
Capacity without convergence
Capacity without convergence

Capacity with convergence

Capacity with convergence

Required capacity
Required capacity
Mb/s
Mb/s

Saved capacity
Saved capacity

Mb/s
Mb/s

Required capacity
Required capacity

Time of day
Time of day
Morning Afternoon Evening
Morning Afternoon Evening

Morning Afternoon Evening

Morning Afternoon Evening

Time of day
Time of day

3G Overview

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Introduction
UMTS
The UMTS is one of the major new third generation mobile communications
systems being developed within the framework which has been defined
by ITU and known as IMT - 2000 network.
The UMTS will accommodate the growing number of interconnections
between a Varity of networks circuits and packet switched narrowband
and broadband, voice, data, fixed and mobile. For the operator the
UMTS network means continuity of services, optimized end-user
application portfolios and significant cost reductions in transmission,
operation and maintenance.
The UMTS has potential to provide end users with data rates up to 2 Mb/s,
and it lends itself to give individuals the freedom to choose among a
wide range of services currently in existence or soon to exist.

3G Overview

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Introduction

3G Overview

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Introduction
Evolution to IMT-2000/3G
IMT-2000

Capable Systems
GSM

GPRS

EDGE

PDC
CDMA 2000

CDMA One
TDMA
(IS-136)

TDMA/
GPRS

TDMA/
EDGE
Existing
spectrum

Today 2G
19.2 kbps
3G Overview

2000 evolved 2G
64115 kbps

3G

New
spectrum

3G
115384 kbps 0.3842 Mbps

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Introduction
UMTS:
UMTS:

Video conferencing

Service
Service&&Data
DataRate
Rate

Video telephony
Electronic newspaper
Image/ Sound files
Teleshoping
Telebanking
financial services

Data base access

information service

UMTS offers flexible &

dynamic bandwidth on
demand: 8 - 2048 kb/s

E-Mail
Voice

3G Overview

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Introduction

3G Overview

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Introduction

3G Overview

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Introduction
UMTS
Architecture

UTRAN consists of one or more RAN

which is consists of RNC, several
Node Bs (UMTS base stations)
and user equipment (UE)
3G Overview

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Introduction
CDMA
IS-95 (1.25
MHz)

CDMA 2000 (3.75

MHz)

WCDMA (5 MHz)

Separate users through different

codes.

5MHz

Frequency

Large bandwidth.
User 4

User 3

User 2

User
1

Continuous transmission and

reception
Time

Code

3G Overview

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Introduction
IS-95

CDMA

WCDM
A

CDMA
2000

Multiple Transmitters
&
Multiple data channels

Each transmission
has a unique
scrambling
code

3G Overview

Each data channel

has a unique
channelisation
code
Many users share
the same
frequency and
time

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Introduction

3G Overview

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Introduction
DS-Spread Spectrum
In DS-CDMA the carrier is modulated (spread) with a digital Code.
Each bit is coded with a Chip sequence of a chip rate (Rc = 1 /
TC) much greater than bit rate (Ri = 1 / Ti).
The radio between Chip rate and information bit rate determines
the spreading ratio or Spreading Factor
SF: SF= Rc / Ri.

3G Overview

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Introduction
Spread principles
The spread-spectrum transmission is a unique in which the users
original signal is transformed into another form that occupies a larger
bandwidth than the original signal would normally need.
The bits in the spreading code are called chips to differentiate them
from the bits in the data sequence, which are called symbols. The
term chip describes how the spreading operation chops up the
original data stream into smaller parts or chips.
The user information bits are spread into a number of chips when it is
multiplied with the spreading code. The chip rate for the system is
constant 3.84 Mchip/s and the signal is spread into a bandwidth of
approximately 5 MHz
The Spreading factor (SF) is the ratio between the chip rate and the
symbol rate. This is equal to the spreading processing gain (that is
the protection against interface).

3G Overview

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Introduction
Spread principles
The same code is used for de-spreading the information after it
is sent over the air interface, that is, both the UE and the BS use
the same codes.
A wideband signal can resist narrowband interface especially
well. While the demodulation process will de-spread the original
signal, it will also spread the interfering signal at the same time.
If there are too many users in the cell generating too much
interface, then the signal may get blocked and the
communication becomes impossible.
When information from various subscribers is sent over the air, it
can be sent at different bit rates depending on what service the
subscribers is using at the time (speech, video conferencing)

3G Overview

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Introduction
WCDMA
Technical characteristics

5 MHz carriers.
Frequency Division Duplex
FDD.
3.84 Mcps chip rate
Variable spreading codes
Optimized packet access on
common or dedicated channel.
High spectrum efficiency
3G Overview

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Introduction
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a cell relay, Circuit switching
network and data link layer protocol which encodes data traffic into
small (53 bytes; 48 bytes of data and 5 bytes of header information)
fixed-sized cells.
5 Bytes Header

48 Byte NBAP signal data

53 Bytes

NBAP: Node B application part

ATM provides data link layer services that run over SONET (Synchronous
Optical Networking) Layer 1 links. This differs from other technologies
based on packet-switched networks (such as the Internet Protocol or
Ethernet), in which variable sized packets (sometimes known as
frames) are used.
ATM is a connection-oriented technology, in which a logical connection is
established between the two endpoints before the actual data
exchange begins.
3G Overview

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Introduction
The
Architecture

RNC

E1 AT
Iub M
- -

A
DM
C
W
ME

3G Overview

u
U

RBS

RBS RBSRBSRBS

RNC can control as max. 675 RBSs Node B

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RBS 3206

Node B Overview
Ant.
Site , Co

3G

Ret

RBS 3206

RBS 3206

ASC

Cosite

Node B

PBC 6500

Modernized site
Layout
PBC 6500

3G Overview

RBS

RBS

TX Cab.

RNC
22

Node B Overview
Fan

Connection
Field (CF) for
E1s, External
alarm
FCU
Filter subrack

Busbar
Radio subrack

Digital subrack

Space for optional

equipment

Node B Overview
RBS
3206

FU card

RU card
Space for any
equipment

3G Overview

CPU card

FUIF card

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Node B Overview

Downlink and Uplink Traffic (RBS

3x1)
Configuration: Vodafone 17 (1+1+1)
- Channel Coding
- Spreading

TXB
Transmission
Board

Radio
Sub Rack

Filter
Sub Rack

Filter subrack
Radio subrack
Digital subrack

E1/IMA
CBU
RAXB Radio Modulation &
Random
Amplification
Access Board

E1/IMA
ET-MC1

RU

RUIF
- Gamma cable

Digital Sub Rack

3G Overview

RU

RU

y
g
uenc
Freq ombinin
C

FU

FU

FU

ASC

1 sector
Antenna

ASC

1 sector
Antenna

ASC

1 sector
Antenna

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Node B Overview
CBU
board
CBU in RBS 3206: A merge
between SCB, GPB, TUB,
and ETB

SCB Board
ATM Switching & Power distribution

Used as individual
in the old RBS
3202

TUB Board
Data synchronization
functionality

GPB Board

ET-MC1 Board
E1s interface, IMA Group

Processor functionality

3G Overview

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Node B Overview

CBU Control Base

Unit
CBU: A merge between SCB, GPB, TUB, and ETB
Containing
Power distribution to back plane.
Packet switch 24 units in back plane.
Packet switch 24 units in back plane.
Timing unit for network & radio synch with extended
holdover time
GPS interface for synch and positioning.
4 x E1 ports.
Ethernet interface for site-LAN.
RS485 interface for control of fan and auxiliary equipment
Main processor for RBS with 512Mbyte RAM and Flash disk

3G Overview

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Node B Overview
RAX Board
32, 64 or 128 CE DCH
R99 (Peak-rate: 384 kbps
DCH).
3 RACH R99 (support up
to 3x1).
Resources for Softer HO
included.
Support HSDPA Release
5 (2 ms TTI).
HW prepared for E-UL
Release 6 (10 ms TTI,
Peak rate: 1.45 Mbps EDCH)

Power
Clocks/BFN
TX gamma
RX gamma

ATM

3G Overview

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Node B Overview
RUIF Radio Unit Interface Board

RUIF

RUIF: An interface board for 6 radio units

Containing

Data F

Timing distribution to base-band boards and radio units.

Distribution of up- and down-link gamma signals between radio
units and base-band boards.
Board processor for control of six radio units and six FSK-

Data E
Data D

Data C

Data B

modems (Communication with ASC and RET).

Data A

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Node B Overview
RU2120/2130 (2carrier DL 1 carrier UL,
2.1Ghz 20W/30W)
RU2120/2130: Radio Unit 20W/30W
Containing
Two transmitters and one DPD
MCPA for two carriers DL
Power clipping function
One 2 branch diversity receiver for
one carrier UL
DC/DC converter for RU and FU
with 10ms hold-up for logic parts

Interface for FU control and power

distribution to FU.

3G Overview

CPU
A

Interface
logic

One CPU (XP) for control of RU

and filter unit (FU)

Timing

DCDC

TX
TX
RX

RX

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Node B Overview

FU12 ( 1 TX and 2 RX antenna branches,

2.1Ghz )
FU12: A Filter and LNA unit for two antennas
Containing
One duplex filter for the first antenna (TX and RX)
One receive filter for the second antenna (RX only)
One TX port and four RX ports, two from each antenna
Gain adjust for feeder compensation and gain select
Power distribution to ASC and
RET (DC/DC and Bias T)

DCDC

FSK modem for ASC and RET

communication

Splitter

Parameter memory (EEprom)

Splitter

Control interface (I2C) from RU.

3G Overview

TX filter
Bias -T
LNA

RX filter
modem

Interface
logic

LNA

RX filter

Bias -T

EEprom

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Node B Overview
Configuration Version (CV)
After the software of the RBS is loaded, a new configuration version ( CV) will be
automatically created by the system.
The new directory created for this CV can be checked on the CPU to identify the
new CV directory, a few notes about the RBS file system are included.
The volumes of the Hard Disk and what is
stored in each volume

3G Overview

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Element
Manager

Overview

Overview

Overview

Overview

RBS Element Manager Overview

3G Overview

33

Element Manager
Element manager component

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Element Manager
1- Title bar displays the window name & includes the standard Minimize,
Maximize and Close buttons
2- Menu Bar displays the menu available in EM.
3, 4- Panes The RBS Element manager window consists of two panes:
Left (3) & (4). The left pane displays a topology view, which is a
graphical representation of the RBS structure. The topology is a tree
of object. The right pane displays subordinate objects of the object
selected in the left pane and previous information about them.
5- Information bar displays the name of the selected object in the left
pane.
6- View selector to select which RBS topology view to show. Change to a
different view and the view automatically refreshes.

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Element Manager
Equipment
View
The figure shows the
right pane columns
that can be
displayed in the
Equipment view.
The columns
displayed depend
on the object
selected

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Element Manager
Radio Network
View
The figure shows the
right pane columns
that can be displayed
in the Radio network
view.
The columns displayed
depend on the object
selected

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Element Manager
IP View
The figure shows
the right pane
columns that
can be
displayed in the
IP view.
The columns
displayed
depend on the
object selected

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Element Manager
Alarm list

3G Overview

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Element Manager
Alarm log

3G Overview

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Step By Step at the

site

Maintenance

Maintenance

Maintenance

Step By Step

3G Overview

41

Step by Step
1- You have to access the RBS by two ways:
A. If you dont know RBS IP address, you have to access
the RBS by connecting the Lap top on the Test port of
the CPU card then type the command of Ifconfig
through the Hyper Terminal.

Eth

.
Tes
t

B. If you know the RBS IP address (from an Excel sheet

contains IP addresses for all 3G sites), so you have to
connect directly to the Ethernet port of the CPU card.

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Step by Step
2- Connect to the Ethernet port and setup the LAN properties by
the IP address and subnet mask as the following steps
A.

Go to Start
B.

Settings

C. Network & dial up connection then Local area network 2

D. Select Internet protocol TCP/IP
E.

3G Overview

write the IP address & subnet mask

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Step by Step
3- Connect on the Internet Explorer then type the IP address as
shown httb:// IP/em/index_stubbed.html,
Example: httb://10.9.0.49/em/index_stubbed.html

10.9.0.49/em/index_stubbed/html
10.9.0.49/em/index_stubbed/h

tml

u
o
Y

S
B
R
e
th r
on age
d n
e
t
c Ma
e
n nt
n
co eme
e l
ar E

Step by Step
4- View Supervision menu
- Alarm List
- Alarm Log
- Alarm event

3G Overview

Alarm List
Alarm Log
Alarm
event

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Step by Step

Step by Step
Verify LEDs
One easy method to make sure the RBS is in the right status, is checking the
status of the LEDs.
Faulty state (Red Indicator):
A hard ware fault has detected.
There is not enough power available.
Operational state (Green Indicator):
Constant light that the power is available and the board is ready for operation
Flashing slowly (0.5 Hz) means that a dependent resource missing. A recourse
that is required to start or maintain operation of the board, is missing.
Flashing at medium rate (2 Hz) means that loading or testing in the progress.
Flashing at a fast rate (16 Hz) means that an initial boot test is being performed.
Off means that the power is not available.

3G Overview

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Step by Step
Verify LEDs
Information state (Yellow Indicator):
Constant light means that the board locked or marked as faulty.
Flashing slowly (0.5 Hz) means that a shutdown of the board is in progress.
Flashing at a fast rate (16 Hz) means that the board is in use or active.
Off means that the board is unlocked.

3G Overview

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RBS 3000 Products

RBS 3106
Micro
RRH: RBS 3418
RRH: RBS 3518
Coming soon:
RBS 3308

RBS 3107
49

3G Overview

3G Overview

3G Overview

References

3G Overview

Self study on the manuals

Research on the Internet
UMTS overview session
Ericsson presentation for WCDMA
CPP course
Node B Commissioning course
Node B field maintenance course
On job training with Ericsson
50

To be ready for 3 G site maintenance , you have to be full

equipped by the following tools:

3G Overview

3G Overview

3G Overview

Required Tools

3G Overview

Lap top Local administration.

Java plug-in (1.3.1_o7 , 1.4.0_01).
Alex library installed on the lap top.
Ericsson Connection Cable (RPM513 1736/01100)
LAN connection (RJ45-RJ45).
Cross Cable (RJ45-RJ45).
RJ45 Serial (RS-232) converter (optional).
USB serial (RS-232) converter (optional).
RJ45 E1 loop cable (Be fabricated).

51

Best

Ayman A. Halim,