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INTRODUCTION}{\b1 \fs28 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langn
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irst and foremost, this assignment has been given by our dearest lecturers which
is Madam Monica. She has assigned us to choose one of the theories that we have
learnt in Child Development/ Child Psychology. We have unanimously decided to c
hoose }{\b1 \fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 " Ba
ndura's Social Learning Theory "}{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f
0 \lang9 \langnp9 .}{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \lan
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\af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9
As we all know, Albert Bandura who is the one who had discovered this social le
arning theory does agree with the behaviorist learning theories of classical con
ditioning as well as operant conditioning . Nevertheless , he adds two important
ideas which are mediating processes occur between stimuli & responses and a beh
avior that is learned from the environment through the process of observational
learning.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par
}\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \nowidct
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\af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Apart fro

m that, children observe the people who are around them that behaving in various
ways through observational learning. It was being demonstrated during the famou
s Bobo doll experiment firstly in 1961. The models are those individuals that ar
e observed. In the society, children were surrounded by many dominant models, fo
r example, parents within the family, friends within their peer group, teachers
at school along with the characters that were in the television. These type of m
odels will show the list of examples of behavior to observe and follow like masc
uline as well as feminine. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \la
ng9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af
2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9
\langnp9 Firstly, the child is more likely to attend to and copy those people it
perceives as similar to itself. Consequently, it is more likely to imitate beha
vior modeled by people of the same gender. Secondly, people that surrounds the c
hild will respond to the behavior that they did either with reinforcement or pun
ishment. The children will be most probably continues to perform the behavior on
ce they imitates one of the model's behavior and the outcomes are rewarding. Thi
rdly, the child will also considers of what happens to other people while decidi
ng whether to copy someone\uc1 \u8217 ?s actions or otherwise instead. A person
learns by observing the consequences of another person\uc1 \u8217 ?s behaviour
like when a younger sister observing an older sister being rewarded for a partic
ular behaviour is more likely to repeat that behaviour herself. This is well-kno
wn as vicarious reinforcement.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0
\lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl
360 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch
\af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lan
g9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \
langnp9 Besides that, the identification will occur with another person which is
the model itself and involves taking on observed those behaviors, values, belie
fs and attitudes of a person with whom you are identifying. The }{\fs24 \kerning
2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang17417 \langnp17417 identification}{\fs24
\kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 is different to imita
tion as it may involve with a number of behaviors being adopted, whereas imitati
on usually involves copying a single behavior.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich
\af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \
sa200 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21
\kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af
0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 Moreover, there are four types of mediational proces
ses that have been proposed by Bandura himself. Those processes are attention, r
etention, reproduction and motivation. Attention is where the observers should a
ttend to the modeled of behavior that includes with a distinctiveness, affective
valence, prevalence, complexity, functional value as well. A person's character
istics such as sensory capacities, arousal level, perceptual set, past reinforce
ment may affect attention.}{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lan
g9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl360
\slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2
\hich \af0 \loch \af0 {\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \
langnp9 Next, retention is by remembering of what you paid attention to. The beh
aviour may be noticed, but is it not always remembered which obviously prevents
imitation. That includes with symbolic coding, mental images, cognitive organiza
tion, symbolic rehearsal, motor rehearsal. Reproduction is the ability to perfor
m the behavior that the model has just demonstrated previously. That includes wi
th a physical capabilities and self-observation of reproduction. It is not alway
s possible when we would like to imitate even if we see much behaviour in our da
ily basis. }{\fs24 \kerning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \pa
r }\pard \plain \qj \fi720 \cufi0 \li0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \nowid
ctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap0 \fs21 \kerning2 \dbch \af2 \hich \af0 \lo
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t not least, motivation is also one of the mediational processes and it means th
e willingness to perform the behaviour and having a good reason to imitate inclu
ding motives such as past (traditional behaviorism), promised (imagined incentiv
es) and vicarious (seeing and recalling the reinforced model). The rewards and p
unishment that follow a behaviour will be counted by the observer. the behaviour
will be more likely to be imitated by the observer once the perceived rewards o
utweighs the perceived. If the vicarious reinforcement is not seems to be import
ant enough to the observer then they will not imitate the behaviour.}{\fs24 \ker
ning2 \dbch \af0 \hich \af0 \loch \f0 \lang9 \langnp9 \par }\pard \plain \qj \li
0 \ri0 \sa200 \lisa0 \sl360 \slmult1 \nowidctlpar \adjustright \lin0 \rin0 \itap
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