ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

d=
Distance between two points
Distance Formula

d=

x 2x 1

y 2 y 1

A + B
2

Distance between two parallel

lines
d=

C1C 2
A 2 + B2

Coordinates of a point that

divides the line segment

x
x
x=

Slope of a Line

rise

Slope=m= run = x
tan

Ax 1By 1 +C

r 1+ r
( 2 r )
( 1 r 2)+ 1

y
y

=m

r 1+ r
( 2 r )
( 1 r 2)+ 1

y2 y1
m= x x
2
1

y=

Parallel lines

if the point is in the mid-point;

m1=m2

x=

Perpendicular Lines

m 2=

tan

m2m1
1m2 m1

Distance between a point and a

line

x1 + x2
2

;y=

y2 + y1
2

Area of a Polygon using the

coordinates of vertices

1
m1

Angle between two lines

A=

x1
y1
1

x 2 x3 x 1
y2 y3 y1 ]

3+ y3 x 1
x 2 + y 2 x
A= ( x 1 y 2 + x 2 y 3 + x 3 y 1 ) ]
1

1.0
1.0

Parabola

Hyperbola

Circle
1. General Equation

x 2+ y 2 + Dx+ Ey + F=0
Line

2. Standard Equation

x 2+ y 2 =r 2

A. General Equation
Ax+Bx+C=0

xh

B. Point-Slope Form

( 2 +( y k )2=r 2

C. Slope-Intercept Form
y = mx+b
D. Two-Point Form

When the equation given is a general equation

rather than a standard equation, the center (h,k)
of the circle and its radius can be determined by
converting the general equation into standard
using the process known as completing the
square. Or using the following formulas:

y y 1 =m( xx 1 )

y y 1

y
2+ x 1
x

=
( 2 y 1 )

(x- x 1

k= 2 A

radius (r)

Conic Section

D2 + E24 AF
4 A2

Parabola

General Equation

y 2+ Dx+ Ey+ F=0V

directrix
x

Determinant

B 24 AC

B 4 AC

Conic
Section

Ellipse

h= 2 A

Center (h,k)

x y
+
a b =1

A x + Bxy +

C(h,k)

A x +C y + Dx+ Ey + F=0

E. Intercept form

C(0,0)

Eccentricity

1.0

Where
a = distance from vertex V to
focus F
d = distance from point to
directrix
f = focal distance

1. General Equations
a. Axis parallel to the
y-axis

e=

f
d
Since f = d, then
e=1

2
A x + Dx+ Ey+ F=0

b. Axis parallel to the

x-axis
2

C y + Dx+ Ey+ F=0

2. Standard Equations
Vertex (V) at the origin (0,0)
A. Axis along x-axis
Opens to the right
Opens to the left
B. Axis along y-axis
Opens up
Opens down
Vertex (V) at (h,k)

The latus Rectum of the

parabola is the line that passes
through the Focus and
perpendicular to the axis of the
conic.
LR = 4a
When the equation given is a
general equation, rather than
standard equation, the vertex V (h,
k) of the parabola and its focal
length or focal radius a can be
calculated by converting the
general equation to standard using
the process known as completing
the square.
The following formula can be
obtained:
For an axis horizontal

A. Axis parallel to the xaxis

Opens to the right

For axis vertical

Opens to the left

B. Axis parallel to the yaxis
Opens upward
Opens downward
The eccentricity of the parabola is
the ratio of the distance to the
focus to the distance to the
directrix

Ellipse
1. General Equations
2. Standard Equations
Hyperbola