Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

ChemQuest 2011

Soap and Detergent

[MRSM03-12] The industrial process of soap making is known as

A
B
C
D

polymerization
esterification
saponification
sulfonation

[SPM07-25] The following equation shows a chemical reaction

Fat + Sodium hydroxide glycerol +

Sodium salt

What type of reaction in this?

A
B
C
D

Neutralization
Esterification
Saponification
Fermentation

[SPM08-29] The following equation represents a reaction.

Fats + Alkali

Fatty acid salt + Glycerol

What is the name of the reaction?

A
B
C

Fermentation
Esterification
Saponification
Vulcanization

[SBPTrial08-25] In the saponification process, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is

added to boiling vegetable oils to produce X and soaps. What is X?
A
B
C
D

Ethanol
Glycerol
Propanol
Butanoic acid

[SPM04-18] The information shows a part of the structural formula of a soap molecule

CH3(CH2)14COO-

Which of the following is the name of that part?

A

lauric
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Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

B
C
D

ChemQuest 2011

glycerol
palmitate
alkylbenzene

[MRSM06-20] The diagram shows the structure of a soap ion.

Which of the following is true about M when soap is used to clean greasy stain?
A
B
C
D

M is alkaline
M is hydrophilic
Soluble in grease
Reduce the surface tension of water

[MRSM07-18] Diagram 8 shows the structure of a palmitate ion.

Which of the following statements is true?

A
B
C
D

Diagram 8

Parts R and S are soluble in water

Parts R and S are soluble in grease
Part R is soluble in grease and part S is soluble in water
Part R is soluble in water and part S is soluble in grease

[SPM03-31] Diagram 9 shows the structure of a soap ion.

COO

< ------------- Part X---------- > Party Y

Diagram 9
Based on Diagram 9, which of the following statements is true?
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

A
B
C
D

Parts
Parts
Parts
Parts

X
X
X
X

ChemQuest 2011

and Y are soluble in water

and Y are soluble in grease
is soluble is grease and part Y are soluble in water
is soluble is water and part Y is soluble in grease

[SPM2010-50] Why is sodium chloride used in the preparation of soap?

A
B
C
D

To
To
To
To

speed up the reaction to produce soap

produce soap which foams easily
reduce solubility of soap
make soap softer.

[SBPtrial2010-13] Which substance is not a required to prepare soap?

A
B
C
D

sodium chloride
sodium hydroxide
glycerol
tripalmitin

[SPM08-19]

Diagram 1 shows the structural formula of substances.

What is the substance?

A
B
C
D

Soap
Detergent
Sulphuric acid
Carboxylic acid

[SBPTrial09-26] Diagram 8 shows the structure of a detergent ion.

Part X

Part Y
Diagram 8

Which of the following statements explains the diagram?

A
B
C

Parts X and Y are soluble in water

Parts X and Y are soluble in grease
Part X is soluble in grease and part Y is soluble in water
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

ChemQuest 2011

Part X is soluble in water and part Y is soluble in grease

[MRSM07-33] The following equation represents the preparation of detergent.

What is the pH value for solution X?

A
2
B
7
C
9
D
14
[SBPTrial08-13] Which of the following structural formulas is of soap?
A

[SBPtrial11-26] Why detergents more effective than soaps?

A
B
C
D

Detergents are biodegradable whereas soaps are non-biodegradable.

Detergents reduce the surface tension of water, whereas soaps do not.
Detergents do not form scum in hard water, whereas soaps form scum.
Detergents are soluble in grease, whereas soaps are insoluble in grease.

[MRSM05-35] The cleansing effect of detergent is more effective in hard water compared to
soap because detergent ..
A
B
C
D

forms a soluble salt with metal ion in hard water

has hydrophobic part which is more soluble in hard water.
has hydrophilic part which is more soluble in water
has hydrocarbon chain which makes detergent dissociate less in hard water

[SPM06-34] Which of the following is true about soap or detergent?

A
B

Detergent form scum in hard water

Soap form scum in soft water
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

C
D

ChemQuest 2011

Scum decreases the effectiveness of the cleansing action of soap

The presence of magnesium ions in detergent forms scum

[SPM06-35] The following chemical equation shows the reaction between stearate ions,
CH3(CH2)16 COO- and alkyl sulphate ions, ROSO3- with calcium ions, Ca2+ in hard water. R
represents the hydrocarbon long chain.
2CH3(CH2)16 COO-(aq) + Ca2+(aq)

[CH3(CH2)16 COO]2 Ca(s)

2ROSO3 Na+(aq) + Ca2+(aq)

(ROSO3 -)2 Ca2+(aq) + 2Na+(aq)

What is the effect of the addition of calcium ion the concentration of stearate ion or alkyl
sulphate ion?
A
B
C
D

The
The
The
The

concentration
concentration
concentration
concentration

of
of
of
of

stearate ion increases

stearate ion decreases
alkyl sulphate ion increases
alkyl sulphate ion decreases

[SPM11-12] Which statements are correct about soap and detergent?

A
B
C
D

Soap
Contains acid
Effective in hard water
Made from vegetable oil
Does not form scum in hard water

Detergent
Contains alkali
Less effective in hard water
Made from petroleum
Forms scum in hard water

[MRSM09-20] Which of the following differences between soap and detergent is not true?

A
B
C
D

Soap
Effective in soft water
Forms scum in hard water
Harmful to aquatic life
Raw material is fat or oil

Detergent
Effective in soft and hard water
Does not form scum in hard water
Harmless to aquatic life
Raw material is petroleum

[MRSM03-20] Which of the following are correctly matched?

Type of food additive Function
I
Preservative
Prevents the growth of microorganism in foods so that it keeps
longer
II Antioxidant
Prevents oxidation of the oil in food by oxygen
III Flavouring
Gives and enhances the flavour of foods
IV Colouring
Gives and restores certain colour in foods
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

A
B
C
D

ChemQuest 2011

I and III only

I, II and IV only
II,III and IV only
I, II, III and IV

[MRSMtrial2010-18] Which of the following pairs of additive in detergent and its function is
correct?

A
B
C
D

Additives in detergent
Sodium perborate
Sodium tripoliphosphate
Sodium silicate
Sodium sulphate

Function
To convert stains into colourless substances
To enable detergent to be poured easily
To remove protein stains
To soften the water

[MRSM04-11] Which of the following pairs is true about the additives in detergents and their
function?

A
B
C
D

Additive
Phosphate compounds
Fluorescent compounds
Biological enzyme
Whitening agent

Function
Whitens cloth
Acts on organic matters such as blood
Kills and prevents growth of micro organism.
Acts as bleaching agent

Medicine
[MRSM11-18] Which of the following statements is true about streptomycin?
A
B
C
D

Can kill viruses

Obtained from animal cells
A type of analgesic
Treats patients with diseases caused by bacteria

[SBPtrial11-39] Which of the following can be used to cure headaches?

A
B
C
D

Cortisone
Streptomycin
Paracetamol
Barbiturates

[SBPtrial2010-46] The information below shows two examples of medicine Y.

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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

ChemQuest 2011

Penicillin
Streptomycin

What is the type of medicine Y?

A
B
C
D

Antibiotic
Analgesic
Hormone
Psychotherapeutic medicine

[MRSM03-13]

A
B
C
D

Which of the following is an analgesic?

Insulin
Penicillin
Cortisone
Paracetamol

[MRSM10-20]

A student has a whooping cough.

He went to a clinic and the doctor prescribed streptomycin.
What type of medicine is streptomycin?
A
B
C
D

Analgesic
Antibiotic
Antipsychotic
Psychotherapeutic

[SPM04-17| MRSM07-20] Which of the following is the function of an analgesic?

A
B
C

to
to
to
to

calm down the emotion of the patient

treat asthma
relieve pain
destroy bacteria

[SPM05-20] Which medicine can relieve a headache?

A
B
C
D

aspirin
cortisone
barbiturate
streptomycin

[SBPTrial07-13] Paracetamol is used for

A
B
C

reducing pain
reducing anxiety
destroying of bacteria
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

[
A
B
C
D

controlling the level of glucose in blood

] Which of the following medicines is an analgesic?

Insulin
Penicillin
Streptomycin
paracetamol

[MRSM04-12]

A
B
C
D

ChemQuest 2011

Stimulants are drugs which are classified as

psychotherapeutic
analgesic
antibiotic
hormone

[SPM03-13] Psychiatric patients are always restless and normally experience difficulties in
sleeping. Which medicine is suitable to treat these patients?
A
B
C
D

Aspirin
Codeine
Barbiturate
Streptomycin

[SBPTrial09-40] A patient is experiencing depression and has difficulty in sleeping. Which of

the following medicine is suitable for treating this patient?
A
B
C
D

Codeine
Barbiturate
Paracetamol
Streptomysin

[SBPTrial07-39] A patient claims he always heard someone says something to him but
he didnt see anybody around him during the situation.
Which of the following medicines is most appropriate in treating the above symptoms or
disorders?
A
B
C
D

Chlorpromazine
Amphetamine
Tranquilisers
Barbiturates

[MRSM05-20]

Which of the following medicine and its usage have been matched correctly?
Medicine

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Usage
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

I
II
III
IV
A
B
C
D

Streptomycin
Aspirin
Amphetamine
Insulin

ChemQuest 2011

Pneumonia treatment
Releasing pain
Controlling depression
Diabetes mellitus treatment

I and III only

II and IV only
I, II and IV only
I, II , III and IV

[MRSM09-49] A tuberculosis patient is suffering from high fever.

Which of the following medicines should be prescribed to the patient?
A
B
C
D

Analgesic and psychotic medicine

Antibiotic and psychotic medicine
Analgesic and antibiotic
Psychotherapeutic and antibiotic

[SPM07-50] The joint of students leg is swollen and painful.

What medicine is suitable to be given to the student?
A
B
C
D

Insulin
Penicillin
Barbiturate
Paracetamol

[SPM08-34] A patient complained of pain due to an excess of acid in the stomach.

Which substance will help to relieve the pain?
A
B
C
D

Ammonia
Ethanoic acid
Sodium chloride
Magnesium hydroxide

Food Additive

[MRSM11-20] Diagram 6 shows the label on a box of sugar free banana cake.
Banana Cake [Sugar Free]
Ingredients: Wheat flour, egg, margarine, aspartame, pentyl ethanoate, ascorbic
acid, sunset yellow
Expiry date: 16 September 2011
Diagram 6
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

ChemQuest 2011

Which of the following ingredients ensures the cake does not turn rancid?

A
B
C
D

Aspartame
Sunset yellow
Ascorbic acid
Pentyl ethanoate

[SBPtrial10-40] Diagram 8 shows a bottle of pickled mangoes.

Diagram 8
Which type of food additive is represented by vinegar?
A
B
C
D

Dyes
Thickener
Antioxidant
Preservative

[MRSM06-10] The diagram shows a label on a bottle of Orange Juice XYZ.

Orange Juice XYZ
Ingredients: water, sugar, ascorbic acid, sulphur dioxide,
aspartame, E110, E102, vitamin A and D.
Best before: 15 Dec 2006
What is the function of sulphur dioxide?

A
B
C
D

To
To
To
To

make the drink more concentrated

give colour to the drink
give orange flavour to the drink
make the drink last longer

[MRSM09-19] Sodium chloride is added to fish to produce salted fish.

Which of the following is the main function of sodium chloride?
A
B
C
D

It improves the texture

It gives a better taste
Prevents oxidation so that it does not turn rancid
It absorbs water in order to inhibit the growth of bacteria
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

ChemQuest 2011

[SPM07-20] Which of the following is not a function of food additives?

A
B
C
D

Improving the taste

Adding nutritional value
Keeping the food fresher
Ensuring nutritional balance

[MRSM07-20] Table 2 shows the types and functions of food additives.

I
II
III
IV

Type
Preservative
Antioxidant
Flavouring
Colouring

Function
Prevents growth of microorganism in foods
Prevents oxidation of the oil by oxygen
Enhances the flavour of foods
Gives and restores certain colour in foods
TABLE 2

Which of the following are correctly matched?

A
B
C
D

I and III only

I, II and IV only
II, III and IV only
I, II, III and IV

[SPM08-21] Which substance is used as a food preservative?

A
B
C
D

Sodium nitrite
Azo compounds
Ascorbic acid
Monosodium glutamate

[SBPTrial07-26] The diagram shows a label on a bottle of orange juice.

SUKARAMAI ORANGE JUICE
Ingredients: water, sugar, X, sulphur dioxide, aspartame, vitamin A and D
X is one of the important ingredients to make orange juice last longer.
What is X?
A
B
C
D

Sodium nitrite
Sodium nitrate
Ascorbic acid
Benzoic acid
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Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007

Chapter 14 Chemical substances for Consumer

ChemQuest 2011

[SBPTrial08-48] Which of the following food additives can be used to make food stay fresh
longer and taste better?
A
B
C
D

Sodium benzoate and tartrazine

Sodium benzoate and ascorbic acid
Monosodium glutamate and tartrazine
Ascorbic acid and monosodium glutamate

[SBPTrial09-13] Which of the following characteristics shows that salt is used as food
preservative?
A
B
C
D

Presence of chlorine
Saltiness
Dehydrating property
Toxicity

[SPM07-38] Which of the following is not a function of food additives?

A
B
C
D

to improve the texture of food

To enhance the flavour of food
To decrease the rate of oxidation of food
To increase the rate of digestion of food.

[SPM11-16] Which pair is correctly matched?

A
B
C
D

Food additive
Preservative
Flavouring
Antioxidant
Thickener

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Example
Ascorbic acid
Tartrazine
Aspartame
Acacia gum

41

Adura Azlin Ishak | Update 01 Feb 2011 |Since 2007