CHAPTER 8 Rizal's Second Trip Abroad He who reads much and travels much,

sees a lot and knows a lot..." --Rizal quoted Cervantes: El Quijote FEBRUARY
3,
1888
Rizal
left
Manila
on
board
the
ZAPIRO.
He
met
Varanda,
the
Secretary
of
Gov.
Gen.
Terrero.
He
visited
Filipinos
in
Hongkong.
In
Macau,
he
visited
cathedrals,
pagodas,
temples, shrines, theaters, botanical gardens and bazaars. He studied the
Chinese way of life. Jose observed the following: HONGKONG and MACAU The
Chinese
New
Year
Chinese
theaters
The
Marathon
Lauriat
Party
The
richest
order
in
Hongkong,
THE
DOMINICANS.
- The cemeteries in Hongkong. February 22, 1888, Rizal left Hongkong
on board the OCEANIC. JAPAN! The Land of Cherry Blossom Rizal arrived at
Yokohama
on
Feb.
28,
1888.
He
stayed
at
the
Grand
Hotel.
The
next
day
he
went
to
Tokyo
and
stayed
there.
Upon invitation, he stayed in the Spanish Diplomat Headquarters.
He visited the provinces, studied Niponggo, Japanese art, theater, etc.
Rizal
was
impressed
of
Japan's
culture:
the beauty of the country ( plants, flowers, gardens, mountains, rivers)
kimono
hospitality
gift-giving
politeness
thru
bowing
few
beggars
on
the
streets;
few
thieves
clean
houses
The Japanese are happy and industrious people. Seiko Usui or Osei-san Rizal
left
Yokohama
on
April
13,
1888
on
board
the
steamer
BELGIC
bound
for
USA.
There
he
met
Techo
Suehiro.
He
was
just
disgusted
with
the concept of men pulling rickshaws. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Rizal
reached
SAN
FRANCISCO
on
Apr.
28,
1888.
Dubbed America as "A motherland for the poor who wish to work".
He described America as a great country, but it has many defects too. They
do
not
have
real
civil
liberty.
When he was asked by Jose Alejandro about his impression of the country, he
stated: AMERICA IS THE LAND PAR EXCELLENCE OF FREEDOM BUT ONLY FOR
THE WHITES. He left New York on May 13,1888 on board THE CITY OF ROME

bound for London. They experienced discriminations in America upon arrival

for they weren't allowed to disembark. Chinese passengers were even
quarantined much longer on board. LONDON! MAY 24, 1888, Rizal reached
QUEENSTOWN, IRELAND. He got on board a ferry boat to Liverpool and a
train for London. He lived in London from May 1888 - March 1889. He chose it
for
3
reasons:
to
improve
his
knowledge
on
English
to study Dr. Antonio de Morga's book SUCCESOS DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS,
which
is
found
in
the
British
Museum.
London
was
safe
from
the
Spaniards.
He worked in the British Museum Library, studied, copied, and published
Morga's
book.
He
stayed
as
a
guest
of
Dr.
Antonio
Ma.
Regidor.
by May, he moved to a boarding house owned by the Beckett family.
Because he was an excellent linguist, he became good friends with Dr.
Reinhold Rost, a Sanskrit scholar, the greatest scholar of that century. He
even
spent
time
with
him.
Rost was impressed with his manners and called him "UNA PERLA DE
HOMBRE" or Pearl of a Man. NEWS FROM CALAMBA Persecution of Filipino
patriots
who
signed
"ANTI-FRIAR
PETITION
of
1888".
Persecution
of
Calamba
tenants.
Senators
attacking
Rizal
Manuel
Hidalgo,
Saturnina's
husband,
was
exiled
to
Bohol.
Laureano Viado, his friend, was arrested for possesing copies of Noli.
Rev, Vicente Garcia's favorable defense of the Noli. :) Reformists in
BARCELONA
(Dec.
31,
1888)
Foundation
of
the
ASOSACION
LA
SOLIDARIDAD.
President
Galicano
Apacible
VP
Graciano
Lopez
Jaena
Honorary Pres - Rizal. FEB, 15, 1889, Jaena founded the newspaper, LA
SOLIDARIDAD.
Rizal's 1st article = LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS ( The Filipino Farmers)
pen names: Dimas Alang, Laong Laan He wrote a pamphlet against Fray
Rodriguez,
"LA
VISION
DEL
FRAY
RODRIGUEZ".
OTHER
WORKS:
LETTER
TO
THE
YOUNG
WOMEN
OF
MALOLOS
SPECIMEN OF TAGAL FOLKLORE and TWO EASTERN FABLES. SCULPTURES
Prometheus
Bound
The
Triumph
of
Science
Over
Death
The
Triumph
Death
over
Life.
carvings of the heads of the Beckett sisters. HE LEFT LONDON on March 19,
1889.
PARIS,
FRANCE!
March
1889
Universal
Exposition

Too many tourists in the city, so he stayed with Valentin Ventura. He

transferred
from
different
hotels
and
boarding
houses.
Visited
the
home
of
Pardo
de
Tavera
Composed the story of THE MONKEY AND THE TORTOISE He was fascinated
by the Universal Exposition, especially the Eiffel Tower -- MAY 6, 1889.
He organized the Kidlat Club, with Filipinos who wanted to join the expo.
He finalized his copy of Morga's book which showed evidence that the
Filipinos were already civilized before the Spaniards came. He planned to
establish a college in Hongkong with the help of Mr. Mariano Cunanan who
promised to help him raise Php40,000. Unfortunately it did not succeed. But
when he was exiled in Dapitan, he was able to establish a Boys School.
He wrote again another satire entitled POR TELEFONO, as a reply to Fr.
Salvador Font, his slanderer. JANUARY 28, 1890, he left for Brussels, Belgium.
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM! Jose Albert accompanied him to Brussels. He also lived
with
Jose
Alejandro.
He
left
Paris
because:
the
expensive
cost
of
living
the
gay
social
life
hampered
his
literary
works.
In Brussels, he made himself busy with sculpturing, shooting, going to gym,
writing and reading, and writing articles for the La Solidaridad, examples are:
A La Defensa, La verdad para Todos, Vicente Barrantes' Teatro Tagalo, Una
Profanacion, Crueldad, Ingratitudes,etc. He was the first to advocate
Filipinization of orthography. He adopted Filipinized Tagalog in his translations
of SCHILLER's WILHELM TELL, ANDERSEN's FAIRYTALES, and even in NOLI ME
TANGERE.
He wrote an article about THE NEW ORTHOGRAPHY OF THE TAGALOG
LANGUAGE in the newspaper. He was criticized by his fellow Filipinos in
Madrid for reminding them not to gamble too much for they destroy the
nation's reputation. He was even called POPE instead of PEPE. LETTERS
FROM
CALAMBA
Calamba
Agrarian
Trouble
Increasing
rents
of
the
hacienda
lands
by
the
Dominicans
An order from the Dominicans to disposses the Rizal family's lands from
them.
Persecution
of
tenants
Paciano, Antonio Lopez, Silvestre Ubaldo were deported to Mindoro.
Manuel Hidalgo was banished to Bohol again. THIS MADE RIZAL FEEL THE
URGE TO GO HOME FOR HIS PEOPLE. BUT HIS FRIENDS, Blumentritt, Basa
and Ponce warned him of danger. He changed his mind of going home
because he heard from Paciano that they lost the Agrarian case. Rizal
planned to raise the case in Madrid. He plans to defend it in Spain. MADRID,
SPAIN! He arrived in Madrid on August 1890. But bad news piled as he
arrived in the country. 1. FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR THE FAMILY - Calamba
was in chaos. Spanish statesmen only contributed words of sympathy.

2. THE DEATH OF JOSE MARIA PANGANIBAN, his Propaganda comrade, in

Barcelona
due
to
illness
on
AUG.
19,
1890.
3. ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA AND WENCESLAO RETANA.
4. INFIDELITY OF LEONOR RIVERA, planning to get married to an English man.
5. RIZAL and DEL PILAR's RIVALRY and ABDICATION OF LEADERSHIP IN LA
SOLIDARIDAD, leading to divisions of the Filipino community in Madrid.
BIARRITZ, FRANCE! Rizal wanted to take a rest from the problems he was
carrying.
He stayed in Biarritz for 1 month. He finished El Filibusterismo here. He
retired from the Propaganda movement and he wanted to focus on
publishing
El
Fili
and
his
medical
profession.
He was deciding to settle either in the Philippines, Hongkong or Japan
because Europe seemed a banishment to him due to the conflict in La
Solidaridad.

Europe Tour with Dr. Maximo Viola

Maximo Viola
- a member of a rich family of San Miguel, Bulacan- meet Rizal at Barcelona while still
a medical student
POTSDAM
- visited by viola and rizal before embarking on theirtour- a city which Frederick the
Great made famous- was famous with a historical windmill
thatsymbolized German justice when Frederickthe Great lost his case to an ordinary ow
ner of the windmill when he decided to confiscatethe windmillsThis country unlike ours, should not thirst much for justice.For laws of this country
belong to the judges and not the friars.
May 11,1887
- at dawn, Rizal and Viola boarded a trainfrom Berlin to Dresden
DRESDEN
- one of the best cities in Germany- their visit coincided with theREGIONAL
FLORICULTURAL EXPOSITION- Rizal studied numerous plant varieties- Rizal & Viola
visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer and
metDr. F. Jagor who advised them to wire Blumentritt becausethe professor has nervou
s disposition and mightsuffer a shock for with their visit- Rizal was impressed with the
Prometheus Bound
attheMuseum of Art
T
E
S
C
H
E
N
presently known as Decin, Czechoslovakia

- as per collection of Viola, the city has

nothingnotable in comparison to the other cities alreadyvisited- as advised by Dr. Jagor,
they wired Blumentrittregarding their upcoming visit
L E I T M E R I T Z a city in Bohemia, presently Czech Republic andSlovakia- at 1:30pm, May 13, 1887,
for the first time twogreat scholarsmeet and greeted each other in fluent German

- Blumetritt immediately took him as a son

- Rizal meet the Burgomaster (townmayor)
of Leitmeritz and was amazed with Rizal's fluencyin German in just 11months- May 17,
at 9:45 pm, Rizal an Viola left by train
P
R
A
G
U
E
on May 19, 1887, they arrived by train- carried letters of recommendation from
Dr.Blumentritt to Dr. Wellkomm, professor of naturalhistory in the University of Prague a
nd state adviser
BRUNN
- nothing of importance happen in this city
VIENNA
- May 20,1887 at 2:30 pm, Rizal and Viola arrived- dubbed as the 'Queen of Danube'they stayed Hotel Metropole for 4 days- meet Mr. Norfenfals, one of the greatest
novelist inEurope at that time and Dr. Masner and Dr.Nordmann, Austrian scholars- on
May 25, Rizal and Viola left for Lintz in a
boatthrough the Danube River and took a trainSalzburg and to Munich, Germany where
theydrank beer
GENEVA
- passed through the big Leman Lake

-on June 19, 1887, he celebrated his 26

th
birthday-on June 23, Rizal and Viola parted ways. Rizal
wentto Italy while Viola went back to Barcelona

-on June 19, 1887, he celebrated his 26thbirthday

-on
June
23,
Rizal
and
Viola
parted
ways.
Rizal
went
to Italy while Viola went back to Barcelona
ITALY
- on June 27, 1887, he reached Rome, the city of Caesar.- he stayed there for one week
on
June
29,
1887,
the
Feast
day
of
St.
Peter
and
St.Paul, he visited the Vatican City which was knownas 'the city of Popes' and 'a city wit
hin a city'
RIZAL FIRST HOMECOMING / BACK TO CALAMBA

Reasons why Rizal was determined to return to the Philippines:


To operate on his mothers eyes

To serve his people who had long been oppressed by Spanish tyrants

To find out for himself how the Noli and his other writings were affectingFilipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines

To find out why Leonor Rivera had remained silent

June 29, 1887- he wrote his father informing him of his homecoming.

July 3, 1887- he left Marseilles and he boarded the steamer Djemnah.

August 6, 1887- he arrived in Manila. He stayed in the city for a short timeto visit his
friends.

August 8, 1887- he was in Calamba, Laguna where he was

w e l c o m e affectionately and with tears of joy by his family.

During his early stay in Calamba the family was very protective to him.

He opened a medical clinic with his mother being his first patient and became
popular so much so patients from Manila and neighboring areas flockedto Calamba.

Rizal was called Doctor Uliman for he came from Germany.

He established gymnasium and introduced German sports

l i k e gymnastics, fencing and shooting to discourage the youths from cockfights
andgambling.

A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his nov
e l . T h e Permanent
Commission
of Censorship
prohibited
the circulation
or publication of Noli and reported that the context contains subversive ideas.

Governor-General assigned a bodyguard of Rizal in the person of Don Jose

Taviel de Andrade-who belong to a noble family and his own right also alinguist.

Reasons that convinced Rizal to go abroad:

His presence in Calamba would eventually jeopardize the safety of his family
and friends

He could fight better his enemies and serve his countrys cause with
greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
RIZAL AND HIS SECOND TOURRizal in Hongkong and Macao

Rizal boarded vessel Zafiro and left Manila for Hongkong on February 3,1888.

On February 7, 1888 they made stop over at Amoy, China but he did not disembarkThree
reasons why Rizal did not disembark:

He was not feeling well

It was raining hard

He got previous information that the place was dirty

February 8, 1888 he arrived at Hongkong, a British colony.

Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel and some Filipino residents visited andwelcomed
Rizal.
They
are
Jose
Maria
Basa(the
one
who
accompanied
him
whenhe visits Macau), Balbino
Mauricio, Manuel Yriarte, son
of alcalde
mayor of Laguna, Francisco Yiarte.

Jose Sainz de Varada- former secretary of Governor General Terrero andthe one who
was tasked to monitor Rizals movement.

He wrote his friend Blumentritt of his bitterness during his stay in

thePhilippines.

Rizal described Hongkong as small but clean city while in Hongkong hestudied
Chinese way of life-their customs and traditions, language and theatrearts.

He left Hongkong on February 22, 1888 on board the S.S. Oceania,

anAmerican streamer bound for Japan.
Rizal in Japan

February 28, 1888- Rizal arrived at Yokohama and stayed at Grand Hotel.

Mr. Juan Perez Caballero- secretary of the Spanish Legation in Japan andthe one who invited
Rizal to live in the Spanish Legation which invitation was readily accepted by
Rizal.The invitation was accepted for the following reasons:

by reason of economy and minimize expenses

t o p r o v e h e h a d n o t h i n g t o h i d e f r o m t h e p r y i n g e ye s o f t h e
S p a n i s h authorities

He learned Japanese, and dedicated himself to the study of the Japanesetheatre, art and
language.

Rizal felt in love with O-Sei-San (Seiko Usui), he saw the qualities of anideal woman,
beauty, charm, modesty and intelligence [she spoke French andEnglish].

Rizal boarded Belgic, an English steamer in the port of Yokohama for histrip to United
States.

He left Japan on April 13, 1888 with heavy heart for leaving his beloved O-Sei-San but his 45 days
in Japan was considered by him the most happiest andmemorable of his life.
Rizal in America

He met the family of Reinaldo Turner as well as Mr. Tetcho Suehiro, a fighting
Japanese journalist, novelist, and champion of human rights who wasforced to leave
Japan because of his activities.

S/S Belgic docked San Francisco port. Rizal and the other passengers were
not allowed to disembark for they were placed on quarantine because of reported cholera
outbreak in Asia.

Rizal discovered that the ship was placed under quarantine because of racial
prejudice. The ship was carrying 643 Chinese coolies and these cooliestend to displace
the white laborers.

He stayed at Palace Hotel, a first class hotel in the city.

He stayed three days in the New York City visiting scenic and historic places
and among others the memorial to George Washington.

Rizal had good and bad impressions on the Americans.The good impressions were:

The material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms,
flourishing industries, and busy factories.

The drive and energy of the American people

The natural beauty of the land

The high standard of living

The opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrantsThe bad impression was:

Lack of racial equality

Rizal left New York City for Liverpool, England on May 16, 1888 on boardS/S Steamer.