PRESENTED BY, JILU MARY ANTONY PHYSICAL SCIENCE No: 23
INTRODUCTION
Dimitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was born on 8 th February
1834 in the village of verkhnie Aremzyani near Tobalk in Siberia to Ivan Pavlovich and Maria Dimitrievna Mendeleeva. In 1885,after graduation he became a science master of the Simferopol gymnasium. Between 1859 and 1861, he worked on the capillarity of liquids and the workings of the spectroscope In August 1861 he wrote his first book on the spectroscope
Dmitri Mendeleev in 1897
Achievements
In 1865 he became Doctor of Science for his
dissertation "On the Combinations of Water with Alcohol". In 1882 he received Davy Medal and Copley Medal from the royal society England Mendeleev also investigated the composition of petroleum, and helped to found the firstoil refineryin Russia. In 1905, Mendeleev was elected a member of theRoyal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Mendeleev wrote the definitive textbook of his
time: Principles of Chemistry (two volumes, 1868 1870). As he attempted to classify the elements according to their chemical properties, he noticed patterns that led him to postulate his periodic table Unaware of the earlier work on periodic tables going on in the 1860s, he made the following table By adding additional elements following this pattern, Dmitri developed his extended version of the periodic table.
Cl 35.5
K 39
Ca 40
Br 80
Rb 85
Sr 88
I 127
Cs 133
Ba 137
Mendeleev published his periodic table of all known
elements and predicted several new elements to complete the table. Mendeleev has the distinction of accurately predicting of the qualities of what he called ekasilicon, ekaaluminium and ekaboron (germanium, gallium and scandium, respectively). Mendeleev made other important contributions to chemistry." Mendeleev was one of the founders, in 1869, of the Russian Chemical Society. In an attempt at a chemical conception of the ether, he put forward a hypothesis that there existed two inert chemical elements of lesser atomic weight than hydrogen.
Of these two proposed elements, he thought the lighter to
be an all-penetrating, all-pervasive gas, and the slightly heavier one to be a proposed element, coronium. Mendeleev devoted much study and made important contributions to the determination of the nature of such indefinite compounds as solutions. In physical chemistry, he investigated the expansion of liquids with heat, and devised a formula similar to GayLussac's law of the uniformity of the expansion of gases.
Mendeleev is given credit for the introduction of
the metric system to the Russian Empire He invented pyrocollodion, a kind of smokeless powder based on nitrocellulose. Mendeleev studied petroleum origin and concluded hydrocarbons are abiogenic and form deep within the earth
Commemoration
Mendelevium, which is a synthetic chemical element
with the symbol Md (formerly Mv) and the atomic number 101. It is a metallic radioactive transuranic element in the actinide series, usually synthesized by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles A large lunar impact crater Mendeleev that is located on the far side of the Moon, as seen from the Earth, also bears the name of the scientist. Russian Academy of Sciences yearly awards since 1998 Mendeleev Golden Medal
Mendeleev Medal
In Saint Petersburg his name was given to the
National Metrology Institute dealing with establishing and supporting national and worldwide standards for precise measurements In 1907, Mendeleev died at the age of 72 in Saint Petersburg from influenza.