GEOMORPHOLOGY

Fluvial Geomorphic Cycle

TIM DOSEN :

Semester Gasal TA 2016/2017

Idwan Suhardi
Reza Syahputra
Twin Hosea Widodo Kristyanto
PROGRAM STUDI S1 GEOLOGI
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424

OUTLINE

STREAMS AND VALLEYS

DRAINAGE PATTERN
DRAINAGE TEXTURE
MEANDERING
FLUVIAL CYCLE

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Definition

Stream/River

Watermass which naturaly

flow through a valley.
Valley

A landform which is negative,

lengthwise, the results of
erosion by flowing water,
having various forms and
sizes.

It is used by river to flow

either perennial or
intermittent.

Trisnasomantri, 1998

Hydrological processes (Hugget, 2011)

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Watershed

wamis.go.kr
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An area that includes parent

river and its tributaries which
naturally receives, saves, and
flow the rainwater toward the
sea or lake. A watershed is
limited by topographic ridges
which is seperated it from the
other basin.
Suatu kawasan yang terdiri
dari induk dan anak sungainya
yang bertugas menerima,
menyimpan, dan mengalirkan
air hujan ke laut atau danau
secara alami. DAS dibatasi
oleh punggungan.

PP No 37/2011 tentang
Pengelolaan DAS, Pasal 1
5
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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Valley Development - Deepening

Deepening Process:

Hydroulic action
Corrasion or abbrasion on
the floor of the valley
Pothole drilling such as at
the bottom of the
waterfalls.
Corrosion
Weathering of the stream
bed + removal by hydrolic
action.

TANDON, 2013 via http://www.slideshare.net/gauravhtandon1/engineering-geology

Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Valley Development - Widening

Widening Process:

Lateral erosion.
Rainwash
Gulleying.
Weathering and mass
wasting

web.gccaz.edu
Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Valley Development - Lengthening

Lengthening Process:

Headward Erossion
Increasing of Crook or
Mender Size
Delta forming or Uplift.

web.gccaz.edu
Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Cross Profiles of Valleys

www.acegeography.com

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Cross Profiles of Valleys

Symetrical Control of
Valleys:
Production of
undercut and slip-off
slope attendant upon
meandering and
lateral erosion.

sites.google.com
Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Cross Profiles of Valleys

Symetrical Control of
Valleys:
Geological structure
(deformation and
lithology)

sites.google.com
Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Cross Profiles of Valleys

Sunshine

Southern Hemisphere

Northern Hemisphere

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Symetrical Control of
Valleys:
Parallel with the
strike of inclined
strata.
Microclimatic
differences.

Redrawn from Tisnasomantri, 1998

Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys Genesis Control

Consequent
Sub-sequent
Obsequent
Resequent
Insequent

Redrawn from Tisnasomantri, 1998

Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys Structural Control

1- Homoclinal valleys:
They follow weaker rocks along the flanks (limbs) of folds and homoclinal
structures where alternating weak and strong strata having moderate to high
dips.
2- Anticlinal valleys:
They follow the axes of breached
anticlines
3- Synclinal valleys:
They follow the axes of breached
syncline
Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys Structural Control

4- Fault valleys:
The
streams
follow
depressions consequent upon
faulting.
5- Fault line valleys:
They are subsequent valleys
following a fault line.
6- Joint valley:
They are minor valley or sections
of valleys controlled by major joint
systems.
Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys Transverse Valleys

sageography.myschoolstuff.co.za

Antecedent Valley
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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys Transverse Valleys

http://www.slideshare.net/
sileshi/fluvial-process-andrelated-land-forms
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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys The Stages Fluvial Cycle

1) Young valley.

2) Mature valley.

3) Old valley.

Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys The Stages

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Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys The Change of Base Level

Rejuvination Valley
http://www.slideshare.net/jezbo16/riverrejuvenation
Thornburry, 1969

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STREAMS AND VALLEYS

Classification of Valleys The Change of Base Level

Drowned Valley

iasmania.com
Thornburry, 1969

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DRAINAGE PATTERN
Drainage system is the pattern formed by the streams, rivers,
and lakes in a particular drainage basin.
Drainage Basin is a region contains the primary and secondary tributaries
and separated from another drainage basin by water divide line
Drainage Pattern is the particular design (plain)which the individual stream
segment courses collectively form.
The number, size, and shape of the
drainage basins found in an area
varies and the larger the topographic
map, the more information on the
drainage basin is available.

Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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DRAINAGE PATTERN
Drainage patterns reflect the influence of the following factors:
1-Initial slopes.
2-Inequality in rock hardness.
3-Structural control.
4-Recent diastrophism.
5-Recent geologic and geomorphic history of the drainage basin.
So the study of drainage patterns is extremely helpful in the interpretation of geomorphic
features and represents one of the more practical approaches to understanding of the structural
and lithologic control of landform evolution.
Note: It can be refer to the patterns of individual stream courses in contrast to the regional pattern,

by Channel pattern.
Channel pattern: It is the configuration of the stream channel as viewed from the air.
Many descriptive terms may be applied to channel pattern, they can be reduced to three(3)
patterns:
1- Straight channel pattern.
2- Braided channel pattern.
3- Meandering channel pattern.
Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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DRAINAGE PATTERN

Radial
Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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DRAINAGE PATTERN

Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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DRAINAGE TEXTURE
Drainage texture is relative distance/spacing of drainage lines.
The spacing between drainage lines is near fine drainage texture
The spacing between drainage lines is a far coarse drainage texture
Drainage Density: total length of streams in a drainage basing divided by area
of the basin.
Stream Frequency: total number of streams in a drainage basin divided by aea
of the basin
Factors that control:
1. Climate
2. Vegetation
3. Permeability
4. Relief
Thornburry, 1969
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DRAINAGE TEXTURE
The spacing between drainage lines is near fine drainage texture
The spacing between drainage lines is a far coarse drainage texture

rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org
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MEANDERING
Meander in general, is a bend
in a sinuous watercourse or
river.
A meander forms when moving
water in a stream erodes the
outer banks and widens its
valley, and the inner part of the
river has less energy and
deposits silt.
It is formed if lateral erosion is
more intensive than the vertical
one.
Thornburry, 1969
Hugget, 2011
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MEANDERING
Parameters that Control
Meandering

Thornburry, 1969
Hugget, 2011
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MEANDERING
Neck Cut Off

earthsci.org

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MEANDERING
Chute Cut Off

earthsci.org

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MEANDERING
Meander in general, is a bend
in a sinuous watercourse or
river.
A meander forms when moving
water in a stream erodes the
outer banks and widens its
valley, and the inner part of the
river has less energy and
deposits silt.
It is formed if lateral erosion is
more intensive than the vertical
one.
Thornburry, 1969
Hugget, 2011
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FLUVIAL CYCLE

1) Young Stage.

2) Mature Stage.

3) Old Stage.

Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969
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FLUVIAL CYCLE

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Dial, 2014
Thornburry, 1969

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HOMEWORK
1.

2.

3.
4.

5.

What is control stream/aluvial deposits?

How is the classification landform that caused by stream
deposition?
Can fluvial cycle stop? Why?
How is peneplain concept? How to identify the uplifted
peneplain?
What kind of topographic surfaces that confuse with peneplain?
How to measure the age of peneplain?

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Thank You
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