1

INSTITUTE OF URBAN TRANSPORT (INDIA)

Session 1: Operational Planning

Training Workshop on City Bus Planning ,13 16 Oct 2014

Structure of Presentation
Present Condition
Alternate Transit Options
City Bus System
Estimating Travel Demand
Identifying Network and Routes
Fleet Estimation
Bus and Crew Scheduling
Bhopal-Case Study

Present Condition

Cities in India are Getting Choked

In short: Cities have been taken over by motor vehicles

They have to be returned to the people

Thrust areas in National Urban Transport Policy

Focus on moving people; not vehicles

Alternative Public Transit Technologies

Cost Comparison of transit options

Important to evaluate alternative technologies in
the context of the city characteristics

High cost
High Capacity
Low flexibility

Approx. Rs 150-300
crores/km

Heavy rail metros

Approx. Rs 90-135
Crores/Km

MonoRail

Approx. Rs 75-150
Crores/Km

Light rail

Approx. Rs 15-55 Crores/Km

Bus Rapid Transit

Low cost
Low capacity
High Flexibility
Buses in mixed traffic

Selection of Technology
Right of Way and
other physical
characteristics

Integration with
other transit
systems

Peak Hour
Peak Direction
Traffic
(PHPDT)

Cost
Technology

The Urban form dictates the final selection of technology

City Bus System

10

Steps in City Bus System Development

Travel
demand
assessme
nt

Route
planning /
Route
Rationaliza
tion

Operations
plan
schedule,
frequency,
etc

Fare
Structure
&
collection
system
design

ITS &
Control
system
design

Business
Plan

Marketing
strategy,
branding &
promotion

Institution
options

11

Methodology for Route Planning - CBS

Review of Secondary Literature
Identification of Data Gaps

Reconnaissance Survey

Identification of Primary & Secondary data to be

Collected

Identification of
Primary Surveys

Identification of
Primary Network

Movement Pattern (OD)

Finalization of Survey Locations
Willingness to Pay / Shift
Conducting Primary Surveys
Existing PT / IPT Demand
Origin
Destination

Existing PT / IPT Supply

Boarding
Alighting

Volume &
Occupancy

Existing Travel Characteristics

Data Analysis & Interpretation
Stakeholder Consultation
Identification of Routes

Finalization of Routes & Fleet assessment

Finalization of support Infrastructure requirement

12

Estimating Travel Demand

13

Route Planning
Surveys to be conducted
Road Network Inventory
Classified Traffic Volume Count
Origin and Destination Survey
Speed and Delay survey
Occupancy survey
Bus Boarding-Alighting Survey
Willingness to Pay Survey

For details on Demand Estimation and Surveys, please refer to

Demand Estimation Module

14

Travel demand - Major Trip Attraction Points

Primary Transit corridors

Most of the
trips

are

attracted
Educational institutes, Schools

towards

Core commercial centre (CBD)

the

centre of the
Cantt Area

Industrial Belt

city
Home to work
place

trips

take place in
an

inward

radiating
pattern

15

Survey Details Boarding/ Alighting Survey

16

Travel demand - GIS Database and Network Development

Desire Line All Trips AM Peak

17

Travel demand - Speed Delay Profile

Reasons for Delay
pedestrian
movement
Slow vehicles
On street parking
Poor Roads
limited Right of
Way

Spillover effect of CBD on

GT road causing reduced
speeds

Average journey speed - 15.6 kmph

Average running speed - 21 kmph

18

Transit Network
No of bus routes 67
No of Mofusil bus routes - 4

19

Identifying Network and Routes

20

Route Typologies

21

Route Classification
Corridor Routes
Corridor Routes

FORWARD TRIP
RETURN TRIP

RIDERSHIP

Activity Routes
Residential Routes

Residential Routes

Activity Routes

FORWARD TRIP

RIDERSHIP

RIDERSHIP

FORWARD
TRIP
RETURN
TRIP

RETURN TRIP

22

Networks
RADIAL
Suitable for cities with strong central core
CBD

around which the development has taken

place. Population density reduces from

CBD to fringes

RADIAL AND CIRCULAR

Suitable for

cities where the activity

centers are developed along radial

corridors

23

Bus Networks (Cont..)

GRID
Suitable for cities having multiple
activity

centers

spread

uniformly

throughout

TRUNK AND FEEDER

Suitable for cities that have evolved
linearly along a major corridor and
the activity centers are spread
parallel along the corridor

24

Need for Route Rationalization

Makes Organized Public Transport Services

Inter Modal Competition

non-viable
Leads to chaos speeding of vehicles

Need for Rational

Segregation of Route

Trunk Route Network: Mass Transit System BRT

Structure for Collective

Standard Bus Network: Standard Buses

Viability of entire Public

Intermediate

Transport System

Public

Transport

Minibuses and other IPT modes

Network:

25

Route Rationalization- Concept

Merging
Identifying parallel/ overlapping
routes

Short
Route 2

Medium
Route 1

Analysis of parallel routes

New merged route

Merging of routes

Long Route 3
Long Route 1

Curtailing
Identifying long routes
Analysis of passenger load in outer
stretch
Curtailing route

New route 2

New route 3

26

Route Rationalization- Concept contd..

Rerouting

New route
Route passing slightly off corridor

Identifying stretch to be rerouted

Check passenger load on rerouted route in
model
Extensions
Identifying high demand off corridor areas
3km of BRT extensions in these areas
New routes
Serving new connectivity

Route Extension

High
demand
area

27

Rationalization of Existing Bus Routes

S.
No

Stages

Description

Stage I

Analysis of existing bus ridership - elimination/ modification

of overlapping routes and/or routes with lesser demand

Stage II

Elimination of routes parallel to proposed bus network

Stage III

Elimination/Merging of shorter bus routes

Stage IV

Comparison of bus service network with major auto routes in

the city and addition of routes which are currently unserved
by the bus network

Stage V

Comparison of Origin- Destination survey data with existing

bus/ auto routes and addition of routes/ connection for OD
pairs having higher number of trips.

28

Route Rationalization for Bhopal City

Trunk Routes
(BRT Routes)

IPT & Complementary

Routes

Trunk Routes: connecting major activity centers by Bus Rapid Transit System

Standard routes: connecting major origin destination pairs of the city

Complementary/ IPT: These are complementary feeder service to Trunk and

standard routes

29

Route Network Planning

Ring and Radial Routes Bus RoutesBangalore

BMTC

has

services,

introduced

which

are

"Direction-based"
easy

for

customers

bus
to

understand and use. Big10 and Big Circle buses,

run on main roads, and together they form a simple
grid

Linear Suburban Rail Route - Mumbai

30

Trunk route network in the proposed system

Ganganagar

Yeswanthapur

Shivajinagar

Vijayanaga
r

Indiranagar

Mysore Road Terminal

Koramangala
Jayanagar

31

Ridership Estimation

32

Daily travel pattern

90000

Modnay
80000

Tuesday
70000

Wednesday

60000

Thursday

50000

Friday

40000
30000
20000
10000
0
0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

Source: E ticket Machine data 2011

0
Thane
Dadoji Kond Dev
Court Naka
Kalva
Shivaji Hospital
Vitava
Damodar Vitavkar Marg
Ganesh Pada
Mukund Company
Digha
MSEB
Airoli Naka
Philips Company
Bharat Bijlee
Siemens Co.
Rabada Police Stn
Rabada Naka
Gothavli Gaon
Talavli Naka
Ghansoli Naka
Standard Alc.
Mahape Naka
Kopar Khairane
ICI
Kherane Gaon
Kherane Reliance
Pavne Naka
Savita Chemicals
Turbhe Stores
Gadge Maharaj Chowk
Turbhe Naka
Dutta Mandir
Turbhe Village
Sanpada Rly. Stn
Mafco
Krishi Utpanna Bajar
Kanda Batata Bajar
St.Lowrence High School
Vashi Bus Terminus Sec 9
Apna Bajar
Vashi Rly. Stn

No.of Passengers

33

Analysis of Traffic Loading Survey

Traffic Loading Survey on Route no : 1

Starting Time :1915 hrs, Ending Time : 2030 hrs

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

Nam e of the Stop

34

Total Length of Route

12 Km

Length in non dedicated BRT

route

11.07 Km

Route
No4 7
Road)&
Route
No.
A (Solapur
(Nehru Road
Solapur Road)

7 Loves Junc.

Dedicated lane
Mixed lane

35

Ridership Estimation

S.No.

Boarding

1250

750

550

1450

950

850

1550

850

550

1850

650

850

1650

Alighting

1250

1650
4450

Ridership

4450

Bus Capacity =60

Freqbus/hr
31

Headway
(min)
1.9

Corridor Capacity

Peak hours

Non-peak hours

AM peak

PM peak

High
off-peak

Low
off-peak

Vehicle capacity
(passengers)

70

70

70

70

Load factor

0.7

0.8

0.5

0.4

Headway (min)

10

Frequency
(vehicles/hr/direction)

30

30

12

Number of stopping bays

per station

Capacity
(passenger/hr/direction)

2940

3360

840

336

37

Types of Buses
Conventional Buses

Proposed Buses
Big Bus

Mini Bus

Single Articulated Bus

Regular Bus
Bi-Articulated Bus

Bus size

Capacity
(Seats)

Head way in secs

Micro bus
12
Mini
22
Midi
34
Standard 12 M
70
3 axle
15 m
90
Articulated 18 m
130
Double arti 25 m
170
Double deck
110
Double deck Arti
230

Load
Factor
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70

PPHPD for head ways in seconds

30
1008
1848
2856
5880
7560
10920
14280
9240
19320

45
672
1232
1904
3920
5040
7280
9520
6160
12880

60
504
924
1428
2940
3780
5460
7140
4620
9660

120
252
462
714
1470
1890
2730
3570
2310
4830

180
168
308
476
980
1260
1820
2380
1540
3220

240
126
231
357
735
945
1365
1785
1155
2415

300
101
185
286
588
756
1092
1428
924
1932

38

Bus Fleet Estimation

2 * (One Way Travel Time + Terminal Dwell Time)
Fleet

Required

=
Frequency

Ridership (PHPDT)

900

1200

1500

Buses/hr

15

20

25

Corridor length (KMS)

18

14

16

Cycle time (min)

145

115

130

Headway (min)

2.4

Total fleet

36

38

54

Avg. Speed
16

39
Bhakti Shakti
chowk
Tilak chowk

BRT ROUTE PLAN NH4

Khandoba
chowk
Chinchwad

Route Planning
Nigadi to Shivaji Nagar
Route length 17.8 Km

Holkar chowk

Ambedkar
chowk
DY Patil
col
Vallabh-nagar
stand
Miltary Farm

Nasik
Phata
Harris
Bridge

Dapodi
RoB
Aundh

St Joseph
Jn

Khadki
To Alandi
Jn
Sangamwa
di

Shivaji
nagar

40

Bus Crew and Scheduling

41

Bus Scheduling
Bus scheduling is a very critical
aspect in improvement of bus
operations.

Scientific bus scheduling will help in :

Improvement in bus utilization
Improvement in trip efficiency

Varying the frequency of the buses in peak periods and off peak periods
Boosting revenues by at lest 20 to 25%
Making buses available for maintenance during off peak periods

42

Crew Scheduling
Crew scheduling is very important for
proper resource utilization

Scientific crew scheduling will help in :

Optimum utilization of the crew
Reduction in bus staff ratio

Rotation of the crew in all shifts and all routes to prevent revenue leakages
Facilitates crew change over at mid points
To ensure the working hours of crew is maintained as per the local rules and
regulations.
Minimizes the overtime and extra working hours

43

Methodology-Schedule Optimization using GPS data

Electronic Ticketing
Machine Data

GPS Data

Ticketing Data
Analysis

Monitoring Schedule
Adherence

Optimizing Route
Structures

Travel Times Calculation

New Schedule
Compilation
Implementation

New Data

Monitoring

44

Legislative Framework
S.
No
1

Section
(Clause)

Act

MV Act 1988

Application for grant of Stage carriage

permit ( route/area details, type & SC of
vehicle, trip time table )

MV Act 1988

Grant of a stage carriage permit (Route

/Area )

70

72

115

27

Description

MV Act 1988

MTW Act 1961

Power to restrict the use of vehicles

Restriction of hours of work of drivers

Some important applicable Acts : RTC Act-1950 , BPMC act-1949,

Companies Act -1956/2013, MV Act-1988, MTW Act -1961

45

Case Study - Bhopal

46

ROUTE RATIONALIZATION FOR BHOPAL CITY

47

Bhopal- An Introduction

Capital of

Madhya Pradesh with city Population 18.43 Lac

(Census 2011) having Municipal area of 285 sq. km. and
Planning area (2005) of 603 Sq Km.

National Highway No. 12 - 86 & State Highway No 18 -23 Passes

through city.
City is also well connected to other Major cities by means of Air &

Rail.
Around 500 Intercity Buses, 150 Trains & 14 Daily flights cater to

the daily Transport needs of the city.

State-of-Art Inter State Bus Terminus (ISBT), Four Regional Bus

Stands, Three Railway stations and International Airport

VIDISHA
(Satellite Town)

48
NH 86A

NH 12

SH 23

RAISEN
(Industrial Town)

SEHORE
(Satellite Town)

NH 86A
NH 86

DEWAS
(Industrial Town)

MANDIDEEP
(Industrial Town)
NH 86

NH 12

49

Activity centers in Bhopal city

Urban Growth
Center

Bairagarh

Core City
MP Nagar &
Board Office

BHEL

New Market
(CBD)

Arera Col
&
Shahpura

Urban Growth
Center

Mandideep

Urban Transport Scenario in 2009

Modes

Share of passenger
Trips (%)

Public Transport
Mode

5.3

Intermediate Public
Transport

49.0

Private Mode
Non-motorized
Mode

Total

37.4
8.3

100

Remarks

(Total No. of Vehicles)

Rapid Transit (0)

00.0

Standard Bus (BCLL) (39)

05.3

Mini-Bus (600)

31.0

Tata Magic (500)

12.3

Auto (3,000)

05.2

Taxi

00.5

Two Wheeler (300,000)

34.5

Cars (100,000)

4.9

Cycle + Cycle Van

8.3

100

Urban Transport Scenario in 2009

52

Rationalization of Existing Route Structure - Bhopal

Network Developed

Rationalized Route Structure in to

Trunk Services, (BRT Buses)
Standard Bus Services (BCLL Bus)
Feeder Services (IPT i.e. Minibus and

Tata Magic).
Traffic Assignment

Public Transit Assignment

53

Route Structure
Four Level Public Transportation System envisaged:

Trunk Corridors (BRT Routes)

Standard Routes (BCLL Bus Routes)

Complementary Routes (for Mini Buses)

IPT Feeder Service (Tata Magic Routes)

T RUNK R OUTES (TR)

TR3
TR2
TR1
TR3

TR1

Mandideep
TR2

S TANDARD R OUTES (BCLL B US R OUTES )

55

SR3
SR7

SR4
SR3

SR1

SR7
SR5

SR2

SR5

SR6
SR6
SR2

SR1
SR4

Complementary & IPT Routes)

56
CR6

CR3

IPT4
IPT4
CR4

IPT5
CR4

CR6
CR3
CR5
CR2

CR5
CR1

IPT5

CR1

IPT2

IPT3

IPT1
IPT1

IPT3

CR2
IPT2

I NTEGRATED P UBLIC T RANSPORTATION S YSTEM

Trunk Routes (BRT)

Standard Routes (BCLL
Bus Routes)
Complementary Routes
(Mini Bus Routes)
IPT Routes (Tata Magic
Routes)

57

B US D EPOTS & T ERMINALS

Sr. No

Location of Depots

Area

Capacity

Scheduled Completion
dates

1.

Bairagarh

10 Acres

225 Buses

31-10-2010

2.

Anand Nagar

3 Acres

75 Buses

30-11.2010

3.

Nav Bahar Mandi

4.5 Acres

100 Buses

31-12--2010

Sr. No

Location of Terminals

Capacity

1.

Habibganj ISBT

75 Buses

2.

Nadra Bus Stand

50 Buses

3.

Jawahar Chowk

50 buses

4.

City Depot

75 buses

Nadira BS

iragarh BS

Bus Depot
City Depot
Habibganj ISBT

Bus Terminal

Brainstorming & Consultations for Route Development

Stakeholder consultations were made to take the comments on draft route

rationalization plan such as Public Representatives (Local Ministers , MLAs, Municipal Counselors)
Eminent Persons of Bhopal city.
Private Minibus & Tata Magic operators.
Officials of Traffic police.
Officials of Transport Department.
Officials of Distt. Administration
Officials of Public work Department .
Officers of SPV etc

60

Consultation With Public Representatives

61

Participation During Stakeholder Consultation

62

Approval of Route Rationalization

Approval of Mayor in Council (MIC) on 24.09.09
Approval of Main Council of Bhopal Municipal Corporation on

22.10.09
Approval & Recommendation by Divisional Transport Authority on

16.04.09
Based on recommendation of Divisional Transport Authority 27

rationalized Urban Transport Routes, Notified by State Transport

Authority on 01.07.2010
Based on recommendation of Divisional Transport Authority 03

IPT/CR & 01 SR , Total 04 rationalized Urban Transport Routes ,

Notified by State Transport Authority on 31.01.2011

63

Notification of State Transport Authority

64

Notified Public Transport Routes

Sl No

Description of routes

Number of
Routes

Route length (in

KM)

Trunk Routes

67.64

Standard Routes

123.60

Complimentary /IPT Routes

20

250.24

65

Response of Private Minibus operators on Implementation of

New Route Plan

66

67

68

Press Coverage of Implementation of New Route plan

69

70

Diversion of Minibuses to Complementary/IPT Routes

After Route rationalization permits of 277 Minibuses were cancelled, and

diverted to Complementary Routes(CR)/IPT Routes which are earmarked for

Minibuses.
Diverted Minibuses Joined Complementary/IPT Routes which is feeder service

of Trunk route & standard route.

Providing Complementary/IPT Route Permit to minibus operator secured the

livelihood of about 750 drivers & Conductors of minibuses

Some Minibus/Tata Magic Operators shifted their vehicles outside Bhopal city

owing to less profitability with the start of BCLL new buses.

71

Implementation of Route & Service plan Developed under Route

rationalization Study

Route & service plan developed under Route rationalization study was

successfully implemented from 01 Nov. 2010 .

130 Buses started commercial trips on 7 Trunk Route/standard routes .

72

Route wise Bus fleet Details

Cluster

Low
FloorAC

Semi Low
Floor- non AC
(650mm)

Semi Low
Floor- non AC
(900mm)

Total

TR1

35

35

TR2

22

22

SR1

21

21

Cluster A
(TR1+TR2+SR1)

78

78

TR3

10

32

42

SR5

20

20

SR4

19

19

10

20

51

81

SR2

13

17

SR3

15

SR6

16

16

SR7

18

18

10

56

66

20

20

185

225

Cluster B
(TR3+SR5+SR4)

Clustre C
(SR2+SR3+SR6+SR7)

73

Inauguration of the Modern Low Floor Bus operations

74

Thank You

Office Address
1st Floor, Anand Vihar Metro
Station Building,
(Entry adjacent to Gate No 1)
Delhi - 110 092.
Tel.: (91) 11 66578700-09,
Fax.: (91) 11 66578733
www.iutindia.org

Training room (1) with U shape seating arrangement

IUT Member library with reading tables

Training room (2) with group seating arrangement IUT administration section