About the Experiment

This experiment enables a student to learn:

How to realize the functionality of 4-bit Arithmetic Logic Units

How to verify the 16 different logic operation and 16 different arithmetic operation
performed by Arithmetic Logic Units

How to verify the functionality of 4 select inputs and mode control inputs

Aim of the Experiment

The objective of the experiment is to fully understand the functionality of 4-bit Arithmetic
Logic Units using 74181 which has 4 select inputs and one mode control input.Depending on
the mode control input Arithmetic Logic Units perform either logical operation or arithmetic
operation.

Arithmetic Logic Units: The 4 bit Arithmetic Logic Units perform 16 different Arithmetic
operation and 16 different logical operation.This Arithmetic Logic Units controlled by 4
select inputs and one mode control input.

Figure 1: Pin configuration of 74181(4 bit Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Figure 2: Pin description of 74181(4 bit Arithmetic Logic Unit)

Functionality: When the model control input(M) is high,all internal carries are disabled and
device performs logical operation on individual bits as listed.When Mode control input is low
the carries are enabled and the device performs arithmetic operaion on two four bit words.
THe Device includes full internal lookahead and provides for either ripple carry between
devices using C n+4 output,for carry loclahead between packages using signals P (Carry
Propogate) and C (Carry Generate).P and G are not affected by carry in.When speed
requirement are not so much required, it can be used in a simple ripple carry mode by
connecting the carry output signal (Cn+4 )signal to the carry input Cn of the next unit.For high
speed operation the device is used in the conjuction wuth the 182 carry lookahead circuit.One
carry lookahead package is required for each group of four 181' devices. Carry lookahead can
be provided in various angle and provide at various levels and can offer high speed capability
over long wordslength.The A=B output from the device goes High,when all four output from
the device is high and can be used to indicate logical equivalance over 4bit when the unit is in
subtract mode. The A=B output is open collector and can be wired AND with other A=B
outputs to give a comparison for more than 4bits.The A=B signal can be used with Cn+4 signal
to indicate A< B and A >B
The function table list the arithmetic operation that are performed without a carry in.An
incoming carry adds a one to each operation.Thus the select code LHHS generates A minus B
minus 1 (2s compliment notation) without a carry in and and generates A minus B when a
carry is applied. Because subtraction is actually performed by complimentry addition (1s
compliment),a carry out means borrow;thus a carry is generated when there is no under flow
and no carry is generated when there is underflow.As indicated this device can be used with
either active low inputs producing active low outputs or with ative high inputs producing
active active high outputs.For either cause the table lists the operations that are performed to
operends labled inside the logic symbol.

Figure 3: Functional Table of Arithmetic Logic Unit

Figure 4: Logic Diagram of Arithmetic Logic Unit

1. At first apply high voltage to Vcc.Then apply high voltage to M(mode control
input) and low voltage to all the 4 select inputs.Logical operation will be
performed.The output will be inverted A.

2. Next, apply high voltage to S0 and apply low voltage to all other select inputs.The
output will be A + B.

3. Now apply high voltage to S1 and low voltage to all other select inputs.The output
will be AB.

4. Next, apply high voltage to S0 and S1 and low voltage to other select inputs.The
output will be logical 1

5. Apply high voltage to S2 and apply low voltage to all other select inputs.The
output will be AB.

6. Apply all the combinations to all the select inputs and check the logical output.

7. Apply low voltage to mode control input and high voltage to Cin.Now the operation
mode will be arithmetic mode.

8. Next apply low voltages to all the select inputs.The output will be A + 1.

9. Next, apply high voltage to S0 and low voltage to all other select inputs.The output
will be A + B + 1.

10. Apply high voltage to S1 and apply low voltages to all other select inputs.The
output will be A + B.

11. Now apply high voltage to S0 and S1 and low volage to all other select
inputs.The output will be -1 + 1.It means outputput will be zero.

12. Next, apply high voltage to S2 and low voltage to all other select inputs.The
output will be A plus AB.