PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENTAL

THEORY (SIGMUND FREUD)

Fascinated with hysteria, a disorder
characterized by paralysis,
numbness and tremors
Published his 1st major publication,
Interpretation of Dreams
Id- the seat of innate desires and is
the main source of psychic energy
Ego- includes perception, logical
thought, problem solving and
memory. Ego is the director who
makes tough high level of
decisions.
Super-Ego- reward and
punishment. Watches over not only
behaviour but also the thoughts of
ego.
Fixated- these behaviour that has
not been resolve and become a
conflict in the stages of
psychosexual.
TWO BASIC INSTINCTS
Eros- self-preservation, love life
forces, striving towards unity
Thanatos- destructive instinct,
aggression, death instinct, hate
Psychosexual Stages
Oral Stage(0-1yrs old)- lips, mouth,
tongue
Anal Stage(2-3yrs old)- anus
Phallic Stage(3-6yrs old) Phallus/genital
Latency Stage(6-12yrs old)- None
Genital Stage(12-adult)- Genital
CONSCIOUS, SUB-CONSCIOUS,
UNCONSCIOUS
Conscious- a person is aware of at
the moment. Few thoughts can be
conscious at one time.

Sub-conscious- capable of
becoming conscious. Become
conscious by forming mental
images or linking up with language.
Unconscious-thoughts and feelings
that are repressed and therefore
known.
PSYCHOANLYSIS
(CARL GUSTAV JUNG)
Jung broadened the work of Sigmund
Freud but Jung did not give emphasis
on the sexuality topic of Sigmund
Freud.
Since he has a lonely childhood, Jung
inclined to dreaming and fantasy
that greatly affect his adult work.
IMPORTANT CONCEPTS
Personal unconscious/ repressed
feelings- these are feelings that
hidden and were not aware of it.
Collective unconscious- the collective
experiences during a revolutionary
past or the accumulation of ancestral
experiences. Ancestral experiences
are registered in the brain and called
achetypes.
Anima- female component of
male psyche. The male have
feminine traits
Animus- the masculine
component of female psyche.
Gives the female some
masculine traits.
Persona- Greek word means mask
or ones public self. It is developed
because ones need to play a role in
the society.
Shadow- darkest and the deepest
part of psyche. Because of shadow

we have the tendency to be

immoral, aggressive, and passionate.
Word Association- it is a test that
Jung used to detect complexes. List
of words, each word is presented to
the patient/client, client must
respond as quickly as possible with
first word that comes to his/her
mind.
Complex Indicators- longer than
average reaction time to a
stimulus word, repeating the
stimulus word as a response,
failure to response at all,
expressive bodily reactions like
laughing, increased breathing
rate, increased conductivity of
the skin and stammering.
Introversion- inward, towards the
subjective world of the individual.
Extroversion- outward, towards the
external environment.

PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORY
(ERIK ERIKSON)
Abandoned by his biological father.
His foster father was Theodore
Homberger.
IMPORTANT CONCEPT
Epigenetic principle- the development
of our personalities in eight stages in
certain time and certain order.
Developmental tasks (crisis)- it is
always present in every stages of
psychosocial theory that must be
resolve.
Optimal time- there is a given time
accomplishing task of every stages

Virtue- if the stage is managed well,

virtue will carry away.
Stages of Development
Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1 (hope, faith)
Autonomy vs. Same and Doubt 2-3
(will, determination)
Initiative vs. Guilt 3-6 (purpose,
courage)
Industry vs. Inferiority 7-12
(competence)
Ego-Identity vs. Role-Confusion
12-18 (fidelity, loyalty)
Intimacy vs. Isolation 20s young
adult (love)
Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
late 20s - 50s (care)
Integrity vs. Despair 50s and
beyond (wisdom)

PERSONOLOGY
(HENRY MURRAY)
Murray was crossed-eye, accident by
the surgeon that rendered him
without stereoscopic vision. Inability
to focus on the ball that makes him
incapable in indulging into sports.
During his childhood years he
suffered in difficulties in speaking
(stuttering). Instead focused in
football and boxing. Won the local
feather weight championship.
Murray was married to Josephine
Rantaul, but Murray had an affair
with Christiana Morgan. He refused
to leave his wife. Murray consulted
Jung about his conflict, but just like
Murray, Jung has an affair. Jung

maintained the relationship openly

with his wife. And Jung did the same
for 40 years.
Murrays wife died and after 5 years
Morgan also died, then after two
years Murray remarried.
Murray and Morgan collaborated for
the Thematic Apperception Test.
Murrays theory was strongly
influenced by Freud.
Main highlight of his contribution is the
Thematic Apperception Test.
Press- is an environmental force that
interacts with needs to determine
behaviour.
Thema- is a molar and interactive
behavioural unit. It involves the
interaction between the
investigating situation (press) and
the need that is operating.
Murrays theory was broad it loses the
power or vigor attached to a more
limited and specialized point of view.

INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
(ALFRED ADLER)
Second of the six children. He
suffered from rickets (vitamin D
deficiency, characterized by
softening of bones). At the age of
three, he saw his younger brother
die in bed. Adler suffer from
pneumonia at the age of four, he
almost died. Adler was jealous of his
older brother who was engaged in
physical activities.

He felt inferior to his brother and

other neighbourhood.
According to Adler, inferior is normal
and not a sign of weakness or
abnormality. Inferior helps an
individual to motivate and
accomplish something.
MAJOR CONCEPTS
Three entrance gates to mental life
Birth Order
First born- focus of attention
when the next child is born
(dethroned). Intelligent,
achievement oriented,
conforming and affiliate.
Second born- ambitious since
he/she wants to catch up or
surpass the achievement of the
older sibling.
Youngest- is the worst position
after the first born. He/she is
usually spoiled , easily loses
courage to succeed by his/her
own effort. Never be
independent. Youngest is always
ambitious but lazy.
Only child- experience shock
outside the home, that he/she
can never be the center of
attention in every situation.
First Memories- research techniques
of asking a person to describe
his/her earliest recollections.
Recollections are evidence of the
origins of ones lifestyle.
Dream analysis- it is used to
analyze how an individual deal with
problems. By analyzing how
problems are confronted and future
events planned through their
dreams.

HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
(ABRAHAM MASLOW)
The theory focused on the totality of
a person. His theory was also
concerned with the growth
motivation, which can be gained
through self-actualization.

Instinctoidal- innate qualities but

weak