Science Form 1 Intro

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

1.1 WHAT IS SCIENCE?
Definition
Science is the systematic study of nature and

how it affects us and the environment.
Science covers broad field of knowledge that deals
with observed facts and the relationship among
those facts.
Importance of
Science
Improve our standard of living.

Improve quality of environment.
Understand the world around us.
Prevention and treatment of diseases.
Increase food supply
Areas of science
Biology Study of living things.

Physics Study of matter, energy, force and motion
and the way they relate to each other.
Chemistry Study of composition, properties,
reactions and uses of substances.
Geology Study of rocks and minerals.
Astronomy Study of universe.
Meteorology Study of weather.
Career in science
a) Doctors
c) Pharmacists
e) Chemists
g) Physicists
i) Microbiologists
Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)
b) Engineers
d) Teachers
f) Architects
h) Astronauts
j) Computer experts
e-mail : abianajaafar@yahoo.com
Review 1 : What is Science
1. What is science ?
_____________________________________________________
2. Name three natural phenomena that bring about bad effects to
living things.
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________
3. List three benefits of science to our lives
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________
4. State three main branches of study in science.
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________
5. Give five examples of career that related to science.
(a) __________________________________________________
(b) __________________________________________________
(c) __________________________________________________
(d) __________________________________________________
(e) __________________________________________________
1.2 SAFETY RULES AND APPARATUS IN THE

LABORATORY
Laboratory Safety Rules
Do not enter the laboratory without

teachers permission.
Do not take anything out of the
laboratory.
Read all the instruction before start any
work
Read the label on a reagent bottle
before using its content
Do not taste or smell any chemical
Do not eat or drink in the laboratory
Do not run and play at the laboratory
Do not throw solid waste into the sink.
Do not pour any unused chemical into
its bottle.
Clean apparatus that you have used.
Hazard Warning Symbols
Common Laboratory Apparatus

Apparatus
Use
To hold liquids or chemicals
To hold liquids or chemicals.
Hold apparatus while carrying out experiments.
To collect gas
To hold liquids and chemicals
Test tube
Beaker
Retort stand and

clamp
Gas jar
Conical flask
Apparatus
Use
Filter mixture of solids and liquids
To measure the volume of solutions .
To evaporate liquids from a solution.
Support apparatus during heating
To provide a flame
Filter funnel
Measuring cylinder
Evaporating dish
Tripod stand and

wire gauze
Bunsen burner
Apparatus
Use
To measure small volume of liquid
To measure a fixed volume of liquids.
To hold solids for strong heating over a flame.
Burette
Pipette
Round-bottomed
flask
Flat-bottomed flask
Crucible
Review 2 : Safety Rules and Apparatuus
1. What action that should take when chemical get into your eyes?
______________________________________________________________
2. Name the following apparatus and state its function.
Apparatus
Name
Use
3. Complete the table below

Hazard Warning Symbol
Meaning
Example
1.3 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
PREPARE
REPORT
MAKE A
SMART
GUESS
(HYPHOTHESIS)
IDENTIFY
THE
PROBLEM
PLANNING THE
EXPERIMENT
MAKE
CONCLUSION
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION
CONTROLLING
VARIABLES
INTERPRET
DATA
COLLECTING
DATA
ANALYSE
DATA
10
Review 3 : Steps In Scientific Investigation

1. Complete the following steps in scientific investigation.
Step 1:
Step 2: Making a hypothesis
Step 3:
Step 4: Planning the experiment
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Step 8: Writing a report
2. In the pendulum experiment, state the

(a) Manipulated variable : _________________________________________
(b) Responding variable : ________________________________________
(c) Constant variable
: ________________________________________
11
1.4 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS

DEFINATION
Quantities that can be measured.
Physical
Quantities
Length
SI Units
Metre
Unit
Symbols
m
Mass
Kilogram
kg
Time
Second
Temperature
Kelvin
Electric
current
Ampere
Prefixe
Symbol
Value of the
symbol
X 1012
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Hecto
Deca
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
Pico
G
M
k
h
da
d
c
m
n
p
X 109
X 106
X 103
X 102
X 101
X 10-1
X 10-2
X 10-3
X 10-6
X 10-9
X 10-12
Femto
X 10-15
Multification
Factor
X 1 000 000 000
000
X 1 000 000 000
X 1 000 000
X 1 000
X 10
X 10
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.000001
0.000 000 001
0.000 000 000
001
0.000 000 000
000 001
12
1 cm = 10mm
1m = 100 cm = 1 000 mm
1 km = 1 000 m = 100 00 cm
Value of physical
quantity
2 000 000 000 A
8 000 000 m
5 000 g
0.02m
0.005m
0.000007s
Prefix
form
2 GA
8 Mm
5 kg
2 cm
5 mm
7 s
Review 4 : Physical Quantities and Their Units

1. State 5 physical quantities and their SI unit .
Physical quantity
S.I unit
Symbol
2. Change the value of the physical quantity given to the standard form and the
prefix form.
Value of physical quantity
Standard form
Prefix form
1 000 m
0.03 m
5 000 000 m
0.000 008 m
0.006 m
3. Change the values of the physical quantities to the prefix forms.
(a) 5 000 g = ___________ kg
(b) 0.008 kg = ___________ g
(c) 7 500 g = ___________ kg
(d) 5 500 m = ___________ km
(e) 200 m = ___________ km
(f) 0.03 m = ____________ cm
13
1.5 THE CONCEPT OF MASS

Weight
Mass
The pull of the Earth on an

object.
The force that pulls of body
towards the centre of the Earth
is called gravitational force.
The weight of an object may
change in different places.
Types of tools for measuring
weight :
- Spring balance
- Compression balance
The S.I unit : Newton (N)
The quantity of matter in an

object.
The mass of an object is
constant and not affected by
gravitational force.
Types of tools for measuring
mass :
- Lever balance
- Triple beam balance
- Electronic balance
The S.I unit : Kilogram (kg)
Various balances for measuring mass and weight
Lever balance
alance
Triple beam balance
Compression balance
Spring balance
14
Electronic balance
Review 5 : The Concept of Mass

1. State the definition of :
(a) Mass : _____________________________________________________
(b) Weight : ____________________________________________________
2. State the S.I unit for :
(a) Mass : _____________________________________________________
(b) Weight : ____________________________________________________
3. State two example of tools to measure :
(a) Mass : _____________________________________________________
(b) Weight : ____________________________________________________
4. Complete the following table.
Mass
Weight
On Earth
78kg
780N
On Moon
In Outer Space
5. Name the balances. State whether it is used to measure the mass or weight
of an object.
____________________
____________________
__________________
__________________
15
________________
________________
1.6 THE USE OF MEASURING TOOLS

Measuring Length
Length is the distance between

two points.
The SI unit is metre (m).
Other units that can be used for
length :
o kilometer (km)
o centimeter (cm)
o millimeter (mm)
The relationship between the units
of length
1cm = 10mm
1m = 100 cm = 1 000 mm
1 km = 1 000 m = 100 000 cm
Instruments for measuring length ;
o Metre rule to measure short
straight line.
o Measuring tapes to measure
distances of up to several
hundred metres.
o Internal calipers - to measure
the internal diameter.
o External calipers to measure
the external diameter.
o Vernier calipers to measure
the internal diameter, external
diameter and the depth of an
object.
o Micrometer screw gauge
When taking a reading, the eye
must be placed vertically above the
mark of scale to avoid parallax
error.
Parallax error an error in
measurement due to the eye not
being correct position while taking a
reading.
Vernier callipers
Micrometer screw gauge

16
Measuring Area
Area is measure of the amount of

a surface.
Its SI unit is square meters (m2).
area
Square kilometers (km2)
Square centimeters (cm2)
Square millimeters (mm2)
The relationship between the units
of area
1cm2 = 100mm2
1m2 = 10 000 cm2
1 km2 = 1 000 000m2
The areas of regular-shaped
object can be calculated by using
mathematical formulae.
The areas of irregular- shaped
object can be estimated by tracing
the object on a graph paper and
counting the number of completed,
halfcompleted or more than halfcompleted squares.
17
Measuring Volume
Volume is a measure of the space

occupied by a substances.
Its SI unit is cubic meters (m3).
volume
Cubic millimeters (mm3)
cubic centimeters (cm3)
Milliliters (ml).
Liters (l).
The relationship between the units of
area
1ml = 1cm3
1l = 1 000 ml = 1 000cm3
1 m3 = 1 000 000ml = 1 000 000 cm3
Tools for measuring volume of liquid:
Measuring cylinder
Burette
Pipette
The volume of regular-shaped solid
objects can be calculated by using
formulae.
The volume of irregular-shaped
solid objects can be measured by
using water displacement method.
18
Review 6 : The Use of Measuring Tools
1. Complete these following table:

Quantities
SI Unit
Tools/Method
a. Area
b. Volume of liquids
c. Volume of irregular
shapes
d. Volume of regular
shapes
e. curved line
f. short straight line
2. State the function of :

(a) Vernier caliper : ______________________________________________
(b) Opisometer
: ______________________________________________
3. What is the parallax error ?
______________________________________________________________
4. Why do we need to take reading for 3 times ?
______________________________________________________________
19

Science Form 1 Intro

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Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE

Science is the systematic study of nature and

Improve our standard of living.

Biology Study of living things.

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Review 1 : What is Science

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

1.2 SAFETY RULES AND APPARATUS IN THE

Laboratory Safety Rules

Do not enter the laboratory without

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Hazard Warning Symbols

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Common Laboratory Apparatus

To hold liquids or chemicals

To hold liquids or chemicals.

Hold apparatus while carrying out experiments.

To hold liquids and chemicals

Retort stand and

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Filter mixture of solids and liquids

To measure the volume of solutions .

To evaporate liquids from a solution.

Support apparatus during heating

Tripod stand and

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

To measure small volume of liquid

To measure a fixed volume of liquids.

To hold liquids or chemicals.

To hold liquids or chemicals.

To hold solids for strong heating over a flame.

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Review 2 : Safety Rules and Apparatuus

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

3. Complete the table below

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

1.3 SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Review 3 : Steps In Scientific Investigation

Step 2: Making a hypothesis

Step 4: Planning the experiment

Step 8: Writing a report

2. In the pendulum experiment, state the

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

1.4 PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR UNITS

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

Review 4 : Physical Quantities and Their Units

Prepared By : Abiana Bt. Jaafar(GCSC)

Science Module Form 1 Chapter 1

1.5 THE CONCEPT OF MASS