Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Safety
Handbook
PERSONAL INFORMATION
All reasonably practicable steps in accordance to safe and sound
practices must be taken to ensure workplace health, safety and
welfare of all personnel during every phase of construction.
Name:
Designation:
Company:
Contact No:
CONTENTS
Introduction
Risk Management
13
Conned Space
17
Electrical Installations
33
Excavations
43
Fire Safety
55
First Aid
67
Hazardous Substances
71
Housekeeping
77
Ladders
89
Lifting Operations
93
Lockout Procedure
121
Machinery Guarding
127
Scaffolding
133
Tunnelling
149
Working At Height
157
163
173
References
183
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
X 1,000,000
X 1,000,000
Risk
Management
RISK MANAGEMENT
Note: Elimination of hazards should take first priority while use of PPE
should be the last line of defence.
RISK MANAGEMENT
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Engineering
Control
4. Administrative
Control
5. PPE
RISK MANAGEMENT
Step 3:
Risk Control
Step 2:
Risk
Evaluation
Step 1:
Hazard
Identification
Identify hazards
Identify potential accidents or
incidents
RISK MANAGEMENT
Rating
Description
Frequent
Probable
II
Occasional
III
Remote
IV
Improbable
RISK MANAGEMENT
Consequences
Rating
Description
Catastrophic
Critical
II
Marginal
III
Negligible
IV
Note: (*) If more than one of the descriptions occurs, the severity rating
would be increased to the next higher level. Applicable to item numbers
2 and 3 only.
1
For man-days lost greater than 7 days
2
For man-days lost greater than 4 to 7 days
3
For man-days lost greater than 1 to 3 days
Accident Severity (LTA General Specification)
RISK MANAGEMENT
II
III
IV
Frequent
Accident II Probable
Frequency III Occasional
Category IV
Remote
Improbable
Definition
Intolerable
Undesirable
Tolerable
Acceptable
Risk is acceptable.
RISK MANAGEMENT
Behavioural
Based Safety
(BBS)
Conned
Space
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
Permit-To-Work displayed
on site
CONFINED SPACE
SS 510: 2005 :
Confined space with little natural ventilation and no easy means of
escape for personnel; where there may be danger
a) from :
(i) excessive concentration of certain gases, such as oxygen,
that supports combustion;
(ii) the accumulation of flammable or explosive air-gas
mixtures;
(iii) gases harmful to health; or
b) from a combination of such gases; or
c) from deficiency of oxygen
the space shall be purged of all flammable or toxic liquids, gas
vapours, or dust before any welding or cutting is done and before
any man enters a confined space. Suitable tests shall be performed
by competent persons to ensure that no such hazardous
substances are present and that the oxygen content of the space is
adequate but not excessive.
CONFINED SPACE
SS 568: 2011:
The confined space safety
assessor shall conduct the
test in the following sequence
unless all are conducted
simultaneously :
a) level of oxygen content;
b) level of flammable gas or
vapour;
c) concentration of toxic gas
or vapour.
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
Emergency flowchart
prominently displayed
on site
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
SS 568: 2011:
Forced ventilation:
The air supply shall be
from a source free from
contamination.
Exhaust ventilation:
Confined space ventilation
Exhaust
air
from
the
ventilation
system
shall
be exhausted to a location
outside the confined space.
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
CONFINED SPACE
SS 568: 2011:
Electrical
Installations
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
on
proper
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
White
110 V
Yellow
230 V
Blue
400 V
Red
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
Excavations
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
Exposed services
are supported
Guardrails
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
EXCAVATIONS
Fire Safety
FIRE SAFETY
FIRE SAFETY
SS 510: 2005:
All gas cylinders shall be kept away from radiators and other
sources of heat. In the case of acetylene and LPG cylinders, they
should not be stored within 1.5m of an electrical equipment,
unless the electrical equipment is of an explosion-proof type.
<1.5 m
Gas cylinders
placed near to
radiator
FIRE SAFETY
SS 510: 2005:
Cylinders, cylinder valves, couplings, regulators, hoses, flashback
arrestors and apparatus of oxygen cylinders shall be kept free from
oily or greasy hands or gloves.
FIRE SAFETY
SS 510: 2005:
Oxygen cylinders in storage shall be separated from fuel gas
cylinders or combustible materials (especially oil or grease), for a
minimum distance of 6.0 m or by a non-combustible barrier of at
least 1.5m high having a fire-resistance rating of at least hour.
6m
SS 510: 2005:
No welding, cutting, or other hot work shall be performed on used
drums, barrels, tanks or other containers until they have been
cleaned so thoroughly as to make absolutely certain that there are
no flammable materials present or any substances such as greases,
tars, acids or other materials which, when subjected to heat might
produce flammable (or toxic) vapours.
FIRE SAFETY
SS 510: 2005:
All equipments used (for welding, cutting and other operations
involving the use of heat) should be visually examined at the
beginning of the day, before being used. All hoses must be
checked to ensure they are free from cuts, cracks and other defects.
Defective hoses and apparatus must not be used. The gas supply
must be shut off at the regulators before any changing of torches,
hoses or other parts is done.
Before starting the burning operations, checks must be made to
ensure that there is no flammable or combustible material nearby.
FIRE SAFETY
FIRE SAFETY
Provision of
fire-extinguishers
FIRE SAFETY
Fire Point
FIRE SAFETY
Portable Hand
Cranking Alarm
FIRE SAFETY
SCDF Drill
First Aid
FIRST AID
FIRST AID
Provision of
proper First Aid
Room
Hazardous
Substances
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Sources: https://www.wshc.sg/ghs
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
CP 79: 1999:
The occupier shall establish a control program which shall include:
a) maintenance of a register of hazardous materials compiled
from Safety Data Sheets (SDS);
b) appointment of a competent person to receive such materials
and ensure its safe storage and use;
c) establishment of procedures for labelling, issue, distribution
and use;
d) communication of the hazards by the competent person to the
users;
e) designation of storage areas secured against unauthorised
access; and
f ) procedures for disposal.
Proper chemical
storage area
with warning
signs, hazard
classification, safe
work practices
and PPE needed
prominently
displayed
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Housekeeping
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
1. SEIRI
2. SEITON
(SORT/ ORGANISE)
(SET IN PLACE/
ORDERLINESS)
5. SHITSUKE
To arrange things
properly & Keep
needed items in
the correct place
to allow for easy
and immediate
retrieval
(SUSTAIN/ DICIPLINE)
Maintain established procedures
and make it a custom
The method by
which Sort, Set
in Place, and
Sweep/ Shine
made habitual
Keep the
workplace neat
and clean
4. SEIKETSU
3. SEISO
(STANDARDISE)
(SWEEP/ SHINE/
CLEANLINESS)
Sources :
1. http://www.lean.state.mn.us/photos.htm
2. https://www.wshc.sg/wps/themes/html/upload/event/file/3%205S%20MATL%20SKS.pdf
HOUSEKEEPING
DEFINITION OF 5S
Seiri (Sort/ Organise)
Focus on sorting out unnecessary items and disposing them
away from the site.
Seiketsu (Standardise)
Maintain a high standard of housekeeping at site by keeping
everything clean and orderly at all times.
HOUSEKEEPING
Stoppers were
placed to prevent
the rebar cages from
rolling over to the
pedestrian pathway
Materials were
segregated and
stored neatly
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
HOUSEKEEPING
Ladders
LADDERS
LADDERS
Secured ladders
LADDERS
LTA General
Specification:
No vertical access ladders
exceeding three meters in
length is allowed on site.
Landing
di was provided but at
an interval exceeding
3 meters
Lifting
Operations
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
Outriggers resting on
plank
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
SS 536:2008:
Hook block shall not be allowed to hit the boom tip. Operator shall
exercise care when hoisting up or telescoping out of the boom
to provide sufficient length of wire rope. Two-block damagepreventing devices shall be fitted.
Sensing devices to
Over-Hoisting Limit
Switch
LIFTING OPERATIONS
SS 536: 2008:
Load hooks shall be provided with a swivel and safety latch.
The rated capacity of the lifting hooks shall be clearly and
permanently marked on them.
The dead weight of the hooks shall also be clearly marked.
No safety latch
LIFTING OPERATIONS
SS 536:2008:
For cranes with derricking jibs, the maximum boom angle shall be
80o to the horizontal except for tower arrangements and automatic
means shall be provided to stop the boom hoisting operation from
exceeding the maximum allowable angle.
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
Tag line
LIFTING OPERATIONS
CP 536: 2008:
Use of more than one crane shall be carefully planned out by a
competent person in detail with emergency plans. Key points to
note:
a) lifting operations shall be carried out under proper supervision;
b) supervisor and operators fully understand the operation;
c) cranes used to be of similar characteristics, eg. hoisting,
derricking, slewing, travel speeds;
d) each crane to have at least 25% excess capacity than the
maximum share of the load;
e) lifting gears are of adequate size and capacity for the operation;
f ) hoist line of cranes shall always be vertical; and
g) crane shall not be used to perform a duty which is not a normal
crane operation.
Lifting using
2 cranes
under proper
supervision
LIFTING OPERATIONS
The SWL of the auxiliary hook and the main hook is shown on
the LM certificate
Crane
information,
including SWL
of auxiliary line
prominently
displayed on
crane
LIFTING OPERATIONS
600mm
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
LIFTING OPERATIONS
Not in Service
tag
LIFTING OPERATIONS
GREEN
January
May
September
BLUE
February
June
October
RED
UNSAFE,
DO NOT USE!
WHITE
April
August
December
SLINGS MUST BE
DESTROYED AND
DISCARDED!
YELLOW
March
July
November
Colour-coding system
Lockout
Procedure
LOCKOUT PROCEDURE
Do not
Tamper tag
Danger sticker
LOCKOUT PROCEDURE
SS 571: 2011:
Locks should be provided by the responsible person/ occupier
and should be the only authorised device(s) used for the lockout
of energy sources. They should be singularly identified and
specifically approved for lockout.
LOCKOUT PROCEDURE
LOCKOUT PROCEDURE
SS 571: 2011:
Procedures shall be established for shift or personnel changes
to ensure the continuity of lockout or protection. It shall include
a procedure for the orderly transfer of lockout or devices from
departing to incoming authorised individuals to minimise
exposure to hazards.
Machinery
Guarding
MACHINERY GUARDING
MACHINERY GUARDING
MACHINERY GUARDING
MACHINERY GUARDING
MACHINERY GUARDING
Scaffolding
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
> 2.0 m
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
SCAFFOLDING
(
/
0
$
(
/
0
$
SCAFFOLDING
Reveal tie
Distribution
board
Eyebolt
Through tie
Tunnelling
TUNNELLING
Gas check
TUNNELLING
TUNNELLING
TUNNELLING
Provision of fire
point in tunnel
TUNNELLING
TUNNELLING
TUNNELLING
Working At
Height
WORKING AT HEIGHT
Provision of secure
foothold and handhold
WORKING AT HEIGHT
WORKING AT HEIGHT
Opening
i in floor is not
covered to prevent fall
Covered opening
WORKING AT HEIGHT
Works Train
Operation
Point secured with G Clamp & Point Scotch for a Safe Shunting
movement
Prior to the application of SCD, the Works Train Staff shall use a
voltage tester to check that the 3rd Rail is NOT LIVE
Uncommissioned
signals and
indicators are
concealed to avoid
confusion
Personal
Protective
Equipment
eye protection
fall protection
foot protection
hand protection
head protection
hearing protection; and
respiratory protection.
Head Protection
Eye Protection
Safety helmet
Safety goggles
Visibility Protection
High-visibility vest
Respiratory Protection
Dust Mask:
It is relatively comfortable but
offers minimal protection due to
inferior sealing qualities.
Half-face respirators:
Relatively light-weight as well as
offer good protection.
Full-face respirators:
Heavier than half-mask and less
comfortable but it offers more
protection through its better
sealing qualities.
It also protects the eyes and face
from irritating vapours.
Hearing Protection
Ear Plugs:
Ear plugs provide better noise protection if properly fitted into
the ear canal. Generally, NRR (Noise Reduction Rating) for ear
plug is higher than NRR for ear muff.
Ear Muffs:
Ear muffs provide lower level of noise protection as compared
to ear plugs. However, the wearer is most likely to get the rated
protection due to its ease of providing proper fit.
Hand Protection
Latex-coated Kevlar
gloves:
Improve grip and protect
hands from cut and
abrasion.
Leather gloves:
Guard against injuries
from sparks or scraping
against rough surfaces.
Note:
When selecting chemical resistance gloves, be sure to consult the
manufacturers recommendations.
Sources:
Making Sense of Cut Resistance by National Safety, Inc. (USA)
www.nationalsafetyinc.com
Note:
Please refer to manufacturers recommendations and the above chart
when selecting a pair of cut resistant gloves.
Foot Protection
Safety boots
Fall Protection
Fall Arrest
Safety harness Stop the fall (keep the wearer from hitting the
ground after a fall from the edge).
Fall Restraint
Safety belt Restraint wearer from falling (keep the wearer away
from the edge).
REFERENCES
NOTES