INTRODUCTION

Importance of Education:The socio-economic development and prosperity of a nation depends upon

its cultivated and enlightened citizens having received proper kind of
education. The importance of education in the society was well realized even
in ancient times in India. Education promotes the development of an
enlightened society. In the modern world too education occupies a very
important place due to its significant role played in the life of an individual.
Education is conceived as a dispeller of ignorance. According to Dewey
(l976),"Education in its broadest sense is a fostering, a nurturing, a
cultivating process." In the words of Spencer (1949), "To prepare us for
complete living is the function which education has to discharge. Thus, it is
evident that all round development of human personality is possible only
through education. Society has devised schools and explicit materials to
achieve the aims of education. A school is the special environment where
certain qualities of life, and certain types' activities and occupations are
provided with the objects of sec using childrens development along the
desirable lines.

Role of a Teacher In Education

Education is essentially a social affair and the school is charged by Society
with the duty of training and bringing up the youths so that they may be
Participating effectively in the life of the group to which they belong.
The task to be accomplished has been delegated to the special group of
persons called teachers. There is no denying that the teachers play a crucial
role in importing education. The teacher entrusted with the responsibility of
teaching. The children and youths of the nation become. One of the most
powerful and important figure in the classroom and plays very significant
role in this endeavor of the society.
The teacher in India had been given the most honored place in the ancient
system of Indian education. Even kings were seeking his favor and valuable
advice. The two words, which denoted the teacher in the ancient times,
which denoted the teacher in the ancient times, were Guru" and "Acharya".
The word Guru etymologically meant one who was capable of dispelling
ignorance ("Gu" meant ignorance, and ru meant the one who resisted its
march). Acharya meant one who possible for him to live himself a life of
enlightenment and wisdom. Wisdom is the knowledge in action. Fourth
more the teacher was called Acharya because the students used to acquire

the knowledge of "Dharmas" from him. Swami Vivekananda emphasized the

importance of Gurus is in shaping the destiny of mankind.
According to him, the spiritual life is awakened, growth is animated and
man becomes holy and perfect in the end by the help of the person called the
"Guru" the teacher.
It is most unfortunate that the highest reverence paid to the teacher in the
past is no more visible. A teacher does not enjoy an honorable status in the
society these days. In fact, the degradation of the teacher's status started
since the onset of the British regime. The ruler become supreme and teacher
only a puppet in his hands. During British period the main aim of education
was to prepare the individual to run the government machinery rather than
their spiritual and moral development. This affected the status of teacher
adversely with the result, the moral character of student reached its lowest
ebb.
After independence we became free to make the future of our Children
according to the capabilities and the need of the nation. But it requires a
uniform national policy for the planned development of education in which
emphasis be laid on infusion among teachers the sense of responsibility and
dedication. Since teachers have direct access to the children and the youths,

they can provide a setting conducive to learning, to prompt creativity and

Originality of ideas among the students. They can make the younger
generation fully aware of its responsibility towards the family) Society and
the country by cultivating social and moral values among the students. If the
society has such high expectation from the teachers, it become imperative
for the society also to provide such means and opportunities to them so that
can deliver their best to the younger elements of the society. When a teacher
is well cased and fully satisfied he will be able to give his best to the society
in a most be able to give his best to the society in a most natural form by
fulfilling his responsibility entrusted to him. If the maximum effectively and
competence of teachers in fulfilling their responsibility are to be achieved,
the satisfaction of teachers with their Job is essential.
Concept of Job Satisfaction:Owing to direct relationship b/w the job satisfaction & the job efficiency the
concept of job satisfaction has attracted. The attention of psychologist for
over four decades, in broader sense, the job satisfaction refers to a persons
general job satisfaction refers to a person's general attitude towards his job,
According to Vroom (1964) "The term job satisfaction and job attitudes are
typically used. Under changeably, both refer to effective. Variation on the

Daft Of individual towards work role which they are presently occupying"
Positive attitudes towards the jobs are conceptually equivalent to job.
Satisfaction and the negative attitudes towards jobs are equivalent to job
dissatisfaction.
According to Bullock (l952):- "Job satisfaction is the result of various
attitudes possessed by an employee towards his job. These attitudes are
related with specific factor such as salary opportunities fair treatment by
employers and other fringe benefit." Vroom has defined Job satisfaction in
terms of valence. He says that the term Job satisfaction as used in literature
of industrial psychology is the conceptual equivalent of valence of the Job
on work role to the person performing it Job satisfaction has also been
defined as a worker effective e of the fulfillment of his response to his total
work role and a measure motivation needs.
The job satisfaction among teachers is a rare phenomenon. Teachers are the
least cared for individuals among the intellectuals in the society. Since the
teaching Job is not financially and socially rewarding, it has become least
sought profession in our country. Owing to poor service conditions and poor
prospects of rising in career, bright and talented persons hardly opt teaching.
Profession and those who dare opt, are hardly satisfied with the Job, This all

has led to the deplorable condition of educational institutions, and poor

standard and quality of education in the country.
The teacher's dispositions to do the Job are greatly influenced by the social
status he enjoys as a teacher and also by the economic benefits he derives
from the profession. This, teacher's socio-economic background is
important aspect in the context of the efficiency of a teacher and improving
standards in education.
Education as a whole but primary. education in particular is the most
neglected field in our country. The important aspect of the Job satisfaction
among the primary school teachers have not received the attention which
they deserve.
Realizing the importance of teacher, it is essential that then Job satisfaction
should be ensured. When teachers are factors affecting their day o day
Working they an SimiS1y perform their duties with full integrity
and devotion,
SATISFACTION THEORIES:This sub- section is an attempt to summarize a brief discussion of the
available 'theories of job satisfaction that will satisfy the demand for
theoretical understanding of job satisfaction arid ill guide the discussion and

interpretation of the results. A theory of job satisfaction, in fact, is a

theoretical and systematic explanation of job satisfaction. The major theories
h ` licit or explicit reference of job satisfaction which have served as either
implicit or explicit reference points for much of the research in this area are
presented below:
(I) Conventional Theory of Job Satisfaction
Conventionally job satisfaction has been interpreted as a unidimensional
concept. This approach explain job satisfaction as the total body of feelings
an individual has about job, this feeling being made up of both job related
and environment related factors, the interaction of which causes fluctuation
between a condition of satisfaction and dissatisfaction Midway between
satisfaction (positive feelings about the job) and dissatisfaction (negative
feelings about the job) is condition of neutrality, in which individual is
neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.
According to conventional view of job satisfaction, satisfaction and
dissatisfaction represent terminal points on a linear continuum. This view is
also called as unifactor or bipolar theory.

(II) Two Factors Theory of Job Satisfaction:According to this theory, satisfiers may range upward from neutrality (an
indifference point in terms of satisfaction), but do not serve as sources of job
dissatisfaction. Dissatisfies, conversely, may range downward from
neutrality, but do not serve as sources of job satisfaction. And thus, job
satisfaction is made up of two unipolar traits. This theory is also referred as
Dual-factor theory or Motivation- Maintenance theory.
(III) Expectancy Theory of Job Satisfaction:According to this theory there are considerable evidences indicating that
persons reports of the attractiveness of their jobs (i.e. the extent of their job
satisfaction) are directly related to the extent to which their jobs are
instrumental to the attainment of outcomes which might be assumed to be
generally attractive to persons.
(IV) Reference Theory of Job Satisfaction:According to this Job satisfaction is not an absolute phenomenon but is
relative to the alternatives available to the individual.

(V) Need-Fulfillment Theory of Job Satisfaction:There are two models that utilize this kind of framework, one is subtractive
model and the other multiplicative model. The subtractive model proposes
that job satisfaction is a direct negative function of the discrepancy between
a persons needs and the extent to which the environment provides
satisfaction of those needs. On the other hand, multiplicative model proposes
that job satisfaction is a function of the multiplication of a persons needs
and the degree to which the job fulfills these needs. There are several studies
that support these models.
(VI) Reference Group Theory of Job Satisfaction:According to this theory, that job satisfaction is a function of, or is positively
related to, the degree to which the characteristics of the job meet with the
which the individual looks for approval and the desires of the groups to
guidance in evaluating the world and defining social reality. There are
several studies available that support this view of job satisfaction.
(VII) Need Gratification Theory of Job Satisfaction:According to this theory both context and content elements can serve as both
Satisfiers and dissatisfiers. For persons whose lower level needs are largely
gratified and Where higher level needs are active, context elements will be

essentially unrelated to increased satisfaction since the associated needs

have been gratified On an on-going basis. Context elements will be strongly
related to decrease satisfaction for such persons, however, when the level of
on-going gratification of the related lower level needs is threatened. For
these persons, content elements will be strongly related to both increased
and decreased satisfaction, the level of satisfaction fluctuating directly with
the degree to which the related higher level needs are gratified.
Need for the study: - The development of a country is not confined to mere
economic progress and prosperity but the community has to be taken of the
social goals such as development of personality, individuality freedom,
equality, Social justice human welfare etc. which are essential for a
developing society. Education is desired and expected to promote the
attainment of there goals, since teacher plays a very crucial role in the
progress of education. A great deal depends on his role and performance in
ensuring the goals of education. The success of an educational system
depends upon the quality of education that in turn depends upon the quality
of teachers available to it_
According to Education commission Report - Off all different factors, which
influence the quality of education and its contribution to the national

development the quality C0mpetence and character of teachers are

undoubtedly the most Significant.
Teaching is an art in which feelings and emotions play an important role. If a
teacher is dissatisfied with his Job, he will not be able to do justice to his
Work. The teaching needs spontaneity of thoughts and it is possible only
when the teacher is emotionally satisfied.
Since the work efficiency of an individual is affected by several factors
pertaining to job the study of job satisfaction becomes essential with respect
to various aspects. An extensive research work has been done on Job
satisfaction of industrial Workers but the field of education has not been
thoroughly investigated, The present study has been undertaken to know the
effect of qualification and experience on Job satisfaction of the primary
school teachers who are the important part of the education system.

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