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Units
Discoveries/Inventions-Scientists
1. Structure Of DNA: Watson & Crick 2. Rabies Vaccination: Louis Pasteur 3.
Penicillin: Alexander Fleming 4. Genetic Laws of Heredity: Mendel 5. Vaccination
Against Small Pox: Edward Jenner 6. Solar System: Copernicus 7. Current
Electricity: Volta 8. Telephone: Graham Bell 9. Gramophone: Thomas Edison 10.
Atomic Number: Mosley 11. Mercury Thermometer: Fahrenheit 12. Dynamite:
Alfred Noble 13. Cell: Robert Hooke 14. Television: John Baird 15. X-rays:
Roentgen 16. Circulation Of Blood: William Harvey 17. Bicycle: Macmillan 18.
Wireless Telegraphy: Signor Marconi 19. Microorganisms: Antoni Van
Leeuwenhoek 20. Laser: Dr. C. Gilbert 21. Periodic Table: Mendeleev 22.
Radium: Madam Marie Curie 23. Mass/Energy Conversion Equation: Einstein 24.
Cement: Joseph Aspdin 25. Simple Microscope: Hans Janssen and Zacharias
Janssen 26. Sulphuric, Nitric and Hydrochloric Acid: Jabir Bin Hayan 27. Jet
Engine: Frank Whittle 28. Electricity: Thomas Edison 29. Computer: Charles
Babbage 30. Lightening Conductor: Benjamin Franklin 31. Semiconductor:
Bardeen and Brattain 32. Uncertainty Principle: Heisenberg 33. Cyclotron: Ernest
Lawrence 34. Electro Magnetic Engine: James Maxwell 35. Internal Combustion
Engine: Nikolas August Otto 36. Earth As A Huge Magnet: William Gilbert 37.
First Person To Orbit Earth: Yuri Gagarin 38. Water: Henry Cavendish 39.
Gravitation: Newton 40. Magnet: Dr. Gilbert 41. E.M Induction: Faraday 42.
Energy Quanta: Max Planck 43. Vitamin. C Therapy: Linus Pauling 44. First
Clone Of A Sheep: Ian Wilmit 45. Streptomycin: S.A.Waksman 46. Helical
Structure Of Protein: Linus Pauling 47. Polio Vaccine: Jonas Salk 48. Nylon:
Wallace. H Carothers 49. Radioactivity: Becquerel 50. Safety Match: John Walker
51. Gun Powder: Roger Bacon 52. Jupiter: Galileo 53. Neutron: James Chadwick
54. Earths Radius: Eratosthenes 55. Oxygen: Joseph Priestley 56. Noble Gases:
Cavendish 57. Synthesis Of Gene In Laboratory: Hargobind Khorana 58. Earth
Revolves Round The Sun: Copernicus 59. Binomial Nomenclature: Carl Von
Linnaeus 60. North America: Christopher Columbus 61. Green Land: Robert Peary
62. Transistor: William Bradford Shockley 63. Typewriter: Sholes 64.
Bacteriology: Pasteur 65. Laser: Theodore Maiman 66. Father Of Botany:
Theophrastus 67. Father Of Zoology: Aristotle 68. Father Of Taxonomy: Carolus
Linnaeus 69. Father Of Genetics: Gregor Mendel 70. Cell Theory: Scheilden And
Schwann 71. Cholera Bacillus: Robert Koch 72. Theory Of Relativity And
Photoelectric Effect: Einstein 73. Insulin: Dr. F.G Banting 74. Nucleus: Robert
Brown 75. Chromosome: Waldeyer 76. Ultra Violet Rays: Johann Wilhelm Ritter
77. Law Of Attraction And Repulsion Between Electric Charges: Coulomb 78.
Battery: Alessandro Volta 79. Electromagnetic theory: James Clerk Maxwell 80.
First Person To Televise Pictures Of Moving Objects: John Logie Baird 81.
Antiseptic Medicine: Joseph Lister 82. Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 83. Big Bang
Theory: Georges Lemaitre 84. Electron: J.J Thomson85. Aeroplane: Wilbur and
Orville Wright 86. Steam Railway Locomotive: Richard Trevithick 87. Radio:
Marconi 88. Household Vacuum Cleaner: Herbert Cecil Booth 89. Bakelite:
Baekeland 90. Windscreen Wipers: Marry Anderson 91. Ballpoint pen: Laszlo And
Georg Biro 92. Helicopter: Igor Sikorsky 93. DDT: Paul Muller 94. Blood
Banking: Charles Drew 95. AK-47: Mikhail Kalashnikov 96. Integrated Circuit:
Robert Noyce 97. Cellular Phone: Dr. Martin Cooper 98. Vitamins: Funk 99.
Uranus: Herschel 100. Calculating Machine: Blaise Pascal 101. Tuberculosis:
Robert Koch 102. Logarithm Table: John Napier 103. Malaria Parasite: Ronald
Ross 104. Zero: Al Khwarizmi 105. Velocity Of Light: Roomer
Measuring Tools
Functions: Important for proper physiologic and metabolic functions of the body.
Types: a) Water Soluble Vitamins: B1, B2, B6, B12, C b) Fat Soluble vitamins: A,
D, E, K v) Minerals: Minerals are those inorganic substances which play a key role
in the maintenance and building of the body tissues. The most important minerals
of balanced diet are as under: Phosphorus: is necessary for bones and teeth.
Iron: is an essential component of blood. Iodine: is necessary for thyroxin which
is secreted from thyroid gland. Calcium: is necessary for bone development. vi)
Water: Source: Fruits, Vegetables Functions: It is constituent of blood, lymph,
hormones and other secretions of the body.
Functions Of Vitamins:
1. Vitamin A i) Role: Vitamin A plays an important role in growth and body repair,
keeps the skin smooth and essential for vision. ii) Deficiency: it deficiency causes
Night Blindness. iii) Source: Fortified milk, butter, eggs, cream, leafy
vegetables, carrot. 2. Vitamin B1 i) Role: it is an energy building vitamin, help in
the digestion of carbohydrates, keep the heart and muscle stable and necessary for
nerves. ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes Beri Beri, muscular weakness, cramps
and heart swelling. iii) Source: Pork, cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds. 3. Vitamin
B2 (Riboflavin) i) Role: It is important in forming RBCs, protection of mouth and
mucous membrane and skin. ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes Pellagra iii)
Source: Milk, leafy green vegetables, cereals etc. 4. Vitamin B3 (Niacin) i) Role:
Helps in releasing energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins, very essential for
the DNA synthesis, used to lower elevated LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels
in the blood, boosts the level of HDL, the 'good' cholesterol, in the body, essential
for the proper digestion of the food etc. ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes Loss
of appetite, Indigestion, Skin lesions, Mental imbalance etc. iii) Source: Meat,
poultry, fish, cereals, vegetables, peanuts, butter etc.