Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.

3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #1

N2007/P1/Q7

The polynomial P(z) has real coefficients. The equation P(z) = 0 has a root rei , where
r 0 and 0 < < .
(i)

Write down a second root in terms of r and , and hence show that a quadratic
factor of P(z) is z 2 2rz cos r 2 .
[3]

(ii)

Solve the equation z 6 64 , expressing the solutions in the form rei , where
[4]
r 0 and .

(iii)

Hence, or otherwise, express z 6 64 as the product of three quadratic factors with

real coefficients, giving each factor in non-trigonometrical form.
[3]

P( z ) 0 has a root rei

(i) Second root rei (since P(z) has real coefficients)
Quadratic factor of P( z ) is : z rei z rei z 2 zr ei ei r 2
z 2 2rz cos r 2 (shown)

(ii) z 6 64 26 ei ( 2k )

z 2e

i(

z 2e

2 k
6

, where k = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2

i
6

, 2e

i
2

, 2e

5
i
6

(iii)
z 6 64
i

( z 2e 6 )( z 2e

i 6

)( z 2e 2 )( z 2e

i 2

i 5

)( z 2e 6 )( z 2e

i 56

z 2 2 2 z cos 22 z 2 2 2 z cos 22 z 2 2 2 z cos

22
6
2
6

3
3
z 2 4 z
4 z 2 4 z 2 4 z
4

z 2 2 3z 4 z 2 4 z 2 2 3z 4

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Qn #2

N2008/P1/Q11

The equations of three planes p1, p2, p3 are

2x 5y + 3z = 3,
3x + 2y 5z = 5,
5x + y + 17z = ,
respectively, where and are constants. When = 20.9 and = 16.6, find the
coordinates of the point at which these planes meet.
[2]
The plane 1 and 2 intersect in a line l.
(i) Find a vector equation of l.

[4]

(ii) Given that all three planes meet in the line l, find and .

[3]

(iii) Given instead that the three planes have no point in common, what can be said about
the values of and ?
[2]
(iv) Find the Cartesian equation of the plane which contains l and the point (1, 1,
3). [4]

2 x 5 y 3z 3,
3x 2 y 5 z 5,

(i)

5 x 20.9 y 17 z 16.6.
4
4
7
From the GC, x , y , z .
11
11
11
4
4 7

The 3 planes meet at the point , , .

11 11 11
p1 : 2 x 5 y 3z 3

p2 : 3x 2 y 5 z 5
Let z t , from the GC,
x 1 t

y 1 t ,
z t
1 1

A vector equation of l is given by r = 1 +t 1 , t R
0 1

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

(ii) Since all 3 planes meet in the line l,

p3 also contains l

p3 // l

Normal of p3 l

1

1
1

and

5

= 0
17

5 17 0 22

(iii)

point in l lies on p3

1

1
0

= 5 + 22 = 17

22 =
17

In order for the 3 planes to have no point in common, plane p3 should be

parallel to l but point in l does not lie on p3,
22 and 17 .

Note that for 3 planes to intersect at a point, p3 should not be parallel to l.

22
For the part before (i), note that = 20.9, there is only 1 point of
intersection for the 3 planes.

(iv)

1 1 2
1


2 vectors parallel to the plane are 1 and 1 1 0 .
3 0 3
1


2 1 3

A normal to the plane required = 0 1 1 .
3 1 2

1 3

1 1 3 1 2 .
0 2

The Cartesian equation of the plane required is 3x y 2 z 2 .

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #3

N2009/P1/Q4

It is given that

7 x 2 for 0 x 2,
f x
2 x 1 for 2 x 4,
and that f x f x 4 for all real values of x.

(i)

(i)

Evaluate f(27) + f(45).

[2]

(ii)

Sketch the graph of y f x for 7 x 10 .

[3]

(iii)

Find

f x dx .
3

[3]

f(27) + f(45)
= f(3) + f(1)

[Note that 27 = 4(6) + 3 and 45 = 4(11) + 1]

=5+6
= 11
(ii)
y
7

(7, 6)

7 6 4 2

(iii)

(, 3)

10

f x dx
3

= 2 (7 x 2 ) dx +
0

4
2

(2 x 1) dx (2 x 1) dx

4
3

x3
= 2 7 x x 2 x x 2 x
2
2
3 0

= 2 14 (12 2) (6 2)
3

Alternatively, find area using area

of triangles and trapeziums.

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #4

N2009/P2/Q7

A company buys p% of its electronic components from supplies A and the remaining
(100 p)% from supplier B. The probability that a randomly chosen component supplied
by A is faulty is 0.05. The probability that a randomly chosen component supplied by B is
faulty is 0.03.
(i)

Given that p = 25, find the probability that a randomly chosen component is
faulty.
[2]

(ii)

For a general value of p, the probability that a randomly chosen component that is
0.05 p
faulty was supplied by A is denoted by f(p). Show that f(p) =
. Prove by
0.02 p 3
differentiation that f is an increasing function for 0 p 100, and explain what this
statement means in the context of the question.
[6]

(i) P(faulty) = 0.25 0.05 + 0.75 0.03

= 0.035

(ii) f(p) = P(supplied by A | faulty)

=

P(supplied by A faulty)
P(faulty)

p
100 0.05
= p
100 p
0.05 +
0.03
100
100
0.05p
= 0.05p + 3 0.03p
0.05p
= 0.02p + 3

f (p) =

[Shown]

(0.02p + 3)0.05 0.05p(0.02)

(0.02p + 3)2
0.15
= (0.02p + 3)2 > 0 for all 0 p 100.

Hence f is an increasing function for 0 p 100.

This means that as we buy more and more components from A, it is more likely that a
randomly chosen component that is faulty was supplied by A.

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #5

N2011/P1/Q5

It is given that f x 2 x .
(i)

On separate diagrams, sketch the graphs of y f x and y f x , giving the

coordinates of any points where the graphs meet the x- and y-axes. You should label
the graphs clearly.
[3]

(ii)

State the set of values of x for which f x f x .

(iii)

Find the exact value of the constant a for which

(i)

[1]

f x dx f x dx .
1

(0, 2)

(0, 2)

(2, 0)

(ii)

(2, 0)

0 x2

(iii) Method 1: Using integration

1
1

f ( x ) dx

1
0

a
1

f ( x) dx

(2 x) dx

2
1

(2 x) dx

a
2

( x 2) dx
a

x2
x2 x2
2 2 x 2 x 2 x
2 0
2 1 2

2
2

1 a
3 2a 2
2 2

a2 4a 1 0
4 20
a
2 5
2

5 rej

a2

Method 2: Using areas of trapezia and triangles

1
1

f ( x ) dx

a
1

f ( x) dx

1
1
1
1 2 1 11 a 2 a 2
2
2
2
2
a 2 5

a2 5

[3]

a 2 5

5 rej

a2

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #7

N2011/P2/Q11

A committee of 10 people is chosen at random from a group consisting of 18 women and

12 men. The number of women on the committee is denoted by R.
(i)

Find the probability that R = 4.

[3]

(ii) The most probable number of women on the committee is denoted by r. By using
the fact that P R r P R r 1 , show that r satisfies the inequality

r 1!17 r !9 r ! r 3! r !18 r !10 r ! r 2!

and use this inequality to find the value of r.

18

(i)

C4 12C6 816
P( R 4) 30

or 0.0941
C10
8671

(ii)

P( R r ) P( R r 1)
18

Cr 12C10r 18Cr 1 12C9r

30
30
C10
C10

18!
12!
18!
12!

r !(18 r )! (10 r )!(2 r )! ( r 1)!(17 r )! (9 r )!(3 r )!

(r 1)!(17 r )!(9 r )!(r 3)! r !(18 r )!(10 r )!( r 2)! (shown)

(r 1)! (r 3)! (18 r )! (10 r )!

r ! (r 2)! (17 r )! (9 r )!
(r 1)(r 3) (18 r )(10 r )

r 2 4r 3 180 28r r 2

32r 177
r 5.53

r 6.

[5]

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #10

N2013/P1/Q5

It is given that

f x

x2
1 2
a
0

for a x a,
for a x 2a,

and that f x 3a f x for all real values of x, where a is a real constant.

(i) Sketch the graph of y f x for 4a x 6a.

[3]

(ii) Use the substitution x a sin to find the exact value of

3
a
2
1
a
2

f(x) dx in terms of a

and .

[5]

(i)

4a 3a 2a

Given x a sin

(ii)

dx
a cos .
d

1
1

a sin
2
2
6
3
3

When x
a sin

2
2
3
When x

3
2 a

1
a
2

f ( x ) dx

1 sin 2 acos d

a 3 cos 2 d
6

cos 2 1
d
2

a sin 2
3


2 2
6
a 3 3

2 2 3 2 6
a

12

4a

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #12

N2013/P1/Q8

The complex number z is given by z rei , where r > 0 and 0 12 .

(i) Given that w 1 i 3 z, find |w| in terms of r and arg w in terms of .

[2]

(ii) Given that r has a fixed value, draw an Argand diagram to show the locus of z as
varies. On the same diagram, show the corresponding locus of w. You should identify
the modulus and argument of the end-points of each locus.
[4]
10
z
(iii) Given that arg 2 , find .
[3]
w
1
Given z rei , r 0, 0 .
2
(i) w (1 i 3) z

w (1 i 3) z 2r
arg w arg(1 i 3) arg z
y

(ii)

locus of z
2r

2r

z10
(iii) Given arg 2
w
10 arg z 2 arg w

10 2
3

24

2r

locus of w

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #20

N2015/P1/Q3

(i) Given that f is a continuous function, explain, with the aid of a sketch, why the value of
1 1
2
n
lim f f ... f
n n
n
n
n
is

1
0

f ( x ) dx .

[2]

1 31 3 2 3 n
(ii) Hence evaluate lim

3
n n
n

[3]

(i)

y = f(x)

As shown in the diagram, the area under the curve y = f(x) from x = 0 to x =1 can be
1
approximated by the total areas of the n rectangles with width
and heights given by
n
1 2 3
n
1
f , f , f , , f . i.e. f ( x) dx 1 f 1 f 2 f 3 f n
0
n n n n
n n n
n
n
As n

increases, the approximations will get better and approach the exact area as a limit,
1 1 2
n 1
i.e. lim f f ... f f ( x) dx [Shown]
n n
n 0
n n

(ii)

lim

lim

1
0

1 31 3 2 3 n

3
n
n

13 1 3 2

n n
n
x dx
1

43
3x
3

=
4
4

where f ( x ) 3 x

1
1 31
Note that f 3 3
n
n
n
f(x) =

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #23

N2015/P1/Q9(b)

(b) The complex number z is such that z 5 32i.

(i) Find the modulus and argument of each of the possible values of z.

[4]

(ii) Two of these values are z1 and z2 , where 12 arg z1 and

arg z2 12 . Find the exact value of arg( z1 z2 ) in terms of and

show that z1 z2 4sin 15 .

i 2 k
2

z 5 32i 32e

(b)(i)

z 2e

[4]

, k 0, 1, 2

4 k

10

, k 0, 1, 2.
3 7 9
z 2, arg z , , , , .
10 10 2 10 10

Z1 Z2
R
P

(ii) Given 12 arg z1 and arg z2 12 ,

7
9
arg z1
and arg z2
10
10

7
10

O 9

10

Let P and Q be the point representing z1 and z2.

2
3
Then POQ
and OQP = OPQ =
5
10
7 3 2
7
arg( z1 z2 ) =
POR =
(alternate )

10 10
10
5
In POQ, OP = OQ = 2, POQ =

2
5

1 2
POM = , where M is the midpoint of PQ.
2 5 5

z1 z2 PQ 2 PM 2 2sin 4sin [Shown]

5

Alternative: Apply Cosine Rule on POQ

2
z1 z2 PQ 22 22 2(2)(2) cos
5
8 8cos

2
5

8 1 cos
5

8 2sin 2
5

4sin
5

[Shown]

since cos 2 = 1 2 sin2

1 cos 2 = 2 sin2

Atypical A-Level Questions (2007-2015) 2A (Wk 4.3 Tutorial)

Atypical Question #25

N2015/P2/Q3(b)

2 x
, x , x 1. Find algebraically the range
1 x2
of g , giving your answer in terms of 3 as simply as possible.
[5]
The function g is defined by g : x

Method 1:
Let y = g( x)

2 x
, x , x 1.
1 x2

2 x
y(1 x2 ) = 2 + x yx2 + x + 2 y = 0
2
1 x
For real values of x, Discriminant 12 4( y)(2 y) 0
y

4 y2 8 y 1 0
4( y 1) 2 3 0
3
3
or y 1
2
2

3
3
,
Therefore, range of g, R g ,1
1
2
2

y 1

Method 2: (NOT recommended)

2 x
, x , x 1.
Sketch y = g( x)
1 x2
Asymptotes: x 1, x 1, y 0
Intercepts: (2,0), (0, 2).

dy (1 x 2 )(1) (2 x)(2 x) x 2 4 x 1

0
dy
(1 x 2 )2
(1 x 2 )2
x2 4x 1 0
4 16 4
x
2 3
2
2 (2 3)
3
y
,
2
1 (2 3)
1 (2 3) 2
=

3
6 4 3

A
B

x 1

3
6 4 3

3
3
1 ,
1
2
2

3
1
Stationary pts: A 2 3,
2

From the diagram, y 1

3
2

3
1 .
, B 2 3,
2

3
3
3
or y 1
, .
. R g ,1
1
2
2
2