Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Music
PAGE 124
CHANCE &
DATA
p 126
PROBABILITY
p 136
MULTI LEVEL
PROBABILITY
p 139
PAGE 125
GRAPHING INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY
There are five different types of graph you need to be able to read:
1. Scatter graph (look for trend line
2. Times series (look for a trend over
and outliers)
time)
NCEA QUESTIONS
1.
Tuahus grandfather told him that a persons armspan is often the same as their height (your armspan is the distance from the fingertips of your left
hand to the fingertips of your right hand, when
your arms are stretched out).
Tuahu wondered if this was true. He collected
measurements from 100 randomly selected year
10 boys and girls. He drew a scattergraph of the
results. He added a line of best fit to the graph. The
results are shown on the graph below and some
statistics are listed in the table to the right.
a. What is the height of the tallest person on the
graph?
b. What is the height of the person with the
smallest arm-span?
c. How many people have an arm-span between
120 and 135 cm?
PAGE 126
Statistics
Height
Arm-span
mean
minimum
lower quartile
median
upper quartile
maximum
range
inter-quartile range
166
105
160
165
173
201
96
13
162
60
157
165
171
208
148
14
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
2.
4.
5.
3.
for Sunday.
Year 13
Year 9
51.8
57.8
Median
51
50
Mode
45
48
Range
55
131
Minimum
28
28
Lower quartile
45
48
Upper quartile
Mean
a. For
60.5
55
Maximum
83
159
Number Surveyed
20
27
PAGE 127
ANSWERS
4.
NCEA
1. a. Height
PRACTICE
2.
3.
(Achieved)
c.
(Achieved)
(Achieved)
08: July
09: July/August (same)
Rome = 27- 4 = 23 (1)
(Achieved)
6.
a. Nairobi: 26 - 21 = 5
b. 07: August
Site A: 6 - 4 = 2 kg
Site B: 9 - 2 = 6 -7 kg
a. Day 2
b. Day 2
c. 325
d. Day 2 - This is because
(Achieved)
(Achieved)
(Achieved)
it has the largest
inter-quartile range and the longest whiskers.
(Achieved)
(Achieved)
(Achieved)
Study Tip:
Study Groups
Can help with exchange of ideas and with
motivation.
More isnt always merrier.
The larger the study group, the more likely you are to get distracted.
Small study groups (up to 4) work better.
PAGE 128
GRAPHING ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
Each time you should follow the same pattern in your explanation:
1. Problem - Define or list the problems/issues in what you have read (because there will be
problems!)
2. Explain yourself, using your understanding of statistics (this could be mean, median, mode,
probability calculations, range, upper/lower quartile, inter-quartile range etc.). Give definitions
as well as pros and cons.
3. Improve - Discuss how you could improve the situation, which assumptions need to change,
or under which conditions their assumptions
would be correct.
For a complete tutorial on this topic visit www.learncoach.co.nz
1.
a. Is
PAGE 129
2.
3.
Tuahus grandfather told him that a persons armspan is often the same as their height (your armspan is the distance from the fingertips of your left
hand to the fingertips of your right hand, when
your arms are stretched out).
Tuahu wondered if this was true. He collected
measurements from 100 randomly selected year
10 boys and girls. He drew a scattergraph of the
results. He added a line of best fit to the graph. The
results are shown on the graph below and some
statistics are listed in the table below.
Statistics
Year 13
Year 9
51.8
57.8
Median
51
50
Mode
45
48
Range
55
131
Minimum
28
28
Lower quartile
45
48
Upper quartile
60.5
55
Maximum
83
159
Number Surveyed
20
27
Mean
PAGE 130
Height
Arm-span
mean
166
162
minimum
105
60
lower quartile
160
157
median
165
165
upper quartile
173
171
maximum
201
208
range
96
148
inter-quartile range
13
14
c.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
4.
5.
6.
7.
PAGE 131
ANSWERS
e. Richard
NCEA
PAGE 132
2.
3. a. A
PRACTICE
4.
c.
PAGE 133
PAGE 134
c.
Study Tip:
Understand NCEA
You are sitting NCEA so:
UNDERSTAND the marking system
Each question is marked out of 8 so attempt all three questions in each topic.
You can get up to 4 marks with Achieved parts. Merit parts
give 5 - 6 marks and Excellence gives 7 - 8.
If you are aiming for Excellence, do the Excellence parts of the
question first. This gives you the full 7 - 8 marks straight away
for each question. Easier parts of the question do not give you
any extra marks (but they are a safety net if youve made a
mistake)
PAGE 135
PROBABILITY
SUMMARY
1.
Frequency
A
K
N
PAGE 136
c.
Regular Exercise
No Regular Exercise
a. Find
4.
Under 50
6.
Draw
2
1
4
Mountain Air
12
17
Blue Skys
15
10
TOTAL
140
3rd) is in swimming?
Games
31
14
the game?
b. What is the probability that the result was a
loss for Eastern Rugby Club?
2nd
8
12
8
28
60
1st
13
3
10
26
16
7.
21
b. Jan
34
Over 50
Wind
Gale or above
Moderate
Calm
Total
Fly NZ
Total
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
5.
38
22
Airline
3.
98
62
3rd
17
3
2
22
Total
38
25
13
76
9.
Age
17
18
19
20
Over 20 Total
Boys
109
89
22
49
278
Girls
41
86
42
32
25
226
Total
150
175
64
81
34
504
field?
PAGE 137
ANSWERS
22
1
3. a. =
P =
= 10%
NCEA
220
1. a.
i.
Letter
Frequency
(Achieved)
7
= 0.28
25
(Achieved)
iii. Assuming that each letter is equally likely
to be found, the theoretical probability of
getting a K on a randomly selected docket is
1/4 = 0.25
The frequency table in (i) suggests there
is a fairly even distribution of the four
letters despite the small sample, and the
letters printed on previous dockets have
no influence on the letter printed on the
next docket.
Therefore, the experimental probability
calculated in (ii) is close to the theoretical
probability and seems to be valid.
(Excellence)
b. Alice had to collect 13 dockets before she could
spell ANKARA.
(Merit)
9 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 8 + 8 + 22 + 13 + 10 + 10
10
104
=
= 10.4
10
Median of {7,8,8,8,9,9,10,10,13,22} = 9
(Merit)
ii. Alice should use the median because the
mean might have been influenced by the
data entry 22, which seems significantly
higher than all the other data entries and
should be treated as an outlier. The median
ignores this outlier and will provide a more
reliable average.
(Merit)
iii. Alices experiment is not valid because her
dice has A on three of its sides. This gives
a 50% chance of rolling an A and does not
reflect the equal likelihood (25%) of finding
any of the four letters on the dockets.
(Excellence)
Mean =
24 8
2. a. =
P == 0=
.533 53% (Achieved)
45
36
b. =
P =
45
PAGE 138
15
4
= 0=
.8 80%
5
38 19
(Achieved)
P == 0=
.6333 63%
b. =
60
30
4. a. 48 = 0.34 (2dp)
=
ii. P(K on next docket)
c.
i.
10
(Achieved)
PRACTICE
3750
5000
= = 0.75
5. P(CreamWorking)
(Achieved)
P(calm)
=
15 1
=
= 0.25
60 4
(Merit)
b. Number of losses:
= 60 (14 + 13 + 2 + 2 + 1 + 4) = 24
Probability of losing:
24 2
=
= 0.4 (Merit)
60 5
3
7. a. P(1st in Field)
= = 0.12 (Achieved)
26
13
b. P(Swimming)
= = 0.17 (Achieved)
76
P(loose)
=
175 25
8. a. P(Passed at 18)
= =
= 0.35
504
72
(Achieved)
41
17) = 0.18
b. P(Girl Passed at =
226
(Achieved)
1 1 1 3
+ + = = 0.6 = 60%
5 5 5 5
(Merit)
1 1 1 3
+ + = = 0.6 = 60%
5 5 5 5
(Achieved)
(Achieved)
140
34
b. = 0.56 (2dp)
61
(Merit)
= 0.25
1.
Each dice has 6 faces, and all of the dice are fair.
Harley rolls a blue dice and a green dice 100 times
and records the results. His results are summarised
in the table below.
f.
g.
i. a and a .
ii. ONE and ONE .
b. Estimate the probability that Harley will not get
2.
Probability
Greymouth
0.1
Kerikeri
0.4
Queenstown
0.5
John wins two separate prizes with NiceFlight.
All flights are chosen at random according to the
probabilities in the table.
Calculate the probability that John wins flights to
two different destinations
PAGE 139
3.
4.
7.
a. What is the probability that a customer chosen
5.
PAGE 140
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
8.
B
C
11.
9.
10.
a. What
PAGE 141
ANSWERS
NCEA
5.
1. a. 7
.07 7%
i. = 0=
(Achieved)
100
14 + 9 23
=
= 0.23 = 23%
ii.
100 100
(Achieved)
19 + 16 + 7 42
=
= 0.42 = 42%
b.
100
100
(Achieved)
17
c.
(Merit)
= 0.35 (2 dp)
49
17
=
0
=
.
49
49
%
d.
(Merit)
35
f.
g.
Expected Numbers
10
60
50
20
60
40
30
60
30
40
60
20
5
1
50
60
10
Therefore the orange die is most likely to have
four sides with a marked on them.
(Excellence)
3.
1
P(4 F ) =
16
4
P (3F ) =
16
6
P(2 F ) =
16
(Merit)
(Achieved)
9 5 45
8 8 64
b. P(P) P(P) = 9 9 = 81 (Achieved)
PAGE 142
6. a.
11
9
0.7 + 0.8
20
20
= 0.385 + 0.36 = 0.745 = 75%
P=
OR
OR
4. a. P(P) P(CC) = 8 4 = 32
+ P(1st is 20, 2nd is
1 1 1 1 2 1
=
= + =
4 4 4 4 16 8
(Merit)
10.
10)
PRACTICE
8. a.
P(Hone in C) =
1
2
1
2
P(Both in C) = P(Hone in C) P(Mia in C)
1 1 1
= = = 0.25
2 2 4
(Merit)
b. P(Both in same area) =
P(Both in A) + P(Both in B) + P(Both in C)
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + +
4 4 4 4 2 2
1 1 1 6 3
=
+ + =
= = 0..375 (Merit)
16 16 4 16 8
P(Mia in C) =
9.
(Merit)
b.
11. a.
i.
b.
i.
b.
Alternative Method
Boys will cook if result is HH or HT or TH.
1 1 1 3
P(HH or HT or TH) = + + = = 0.75
4 4 4 4
(Merit)
PAGE 143
PROBABILITY ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
1.
2.
3.
Problem - Make a Statement about whether the PROBABILITY in the question is correct
(It usually isnt).
Explain how you worked out the correct answer:
Show all working
Give reasons for you working if possible
Improve - Give any improvements that are needed. List any possible circumstances where the
situation could have been correct.
For a complete tutorial on this topic visit www.learncoach.co.nz
1.
PRACTICE QUESTIONS
2.
3.
PAGE 144
5.
6.
7.
Exam Tip:
Proofreading
Only takes a few minutes
Finds the silly mistakes
Gives you extra marks (especially if your teacher is super-meticulous)
SO many people miss out on Extra Marks by not proof-reading
PAGE 145
ANSWERS
NCEA
1.
4.
5.
6.
PRACTICE
2.
3.
PAGE 146
Study Tip:
Rewards
Reward yourself for passing a tough year!
Small achievements (e.g. topping a quiz) also deserve small rewards
Maybe you could remind your parents about this one!
PAGE 147