Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

VOCABULARY 1
Airplane

Country

Mother

Apple

Day

Newspaper

Bathroom

Desk

Notebook

Ball

Dish

Park

Beach

Dog

Pen

Bed

Door

Pencil

Bird

Elephant

Plane

Body

Eraser

Sandwich

Boy

Father

Skate board

Book

Fish

School

Box

Flower

Sister

Briefcase

Garden

Street

Brother

Girl

Student

Building

Glass

Teacher

Cage

Hat

Telephone

Candy

Hospital

Vegetable

Car

House

Wall

Cat

Ice cream

Wallet

Chair

Lamp

Water

Chest

Library

Window

Class room

Magazine

Yard

Clock

Mirror

Zoo

Clouds

Monkey

City

Money
ARTICLES

THE this article means: el, la, los, las and we use it with any noun, unless with own
names.
Its meaning depend to the noun that follows.

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

Examples:
THE APPLE

LA MANZANA

THE DESK

EL ESCRITORIO

THE HOUSES

LAS CASAS

THE NEWSPAPER

LOS PERIODICOS

Exercise:
Write the meaning of the following words with the article:
THE Parks

___________________

THE Pen

___________________

THE Pencil

___________________

THE School

___________________

THE Eraser

___________________

THE Streets

___________________

THE Students

___________________

THE Book

___________________

THE Desks

___________________

THE Garden

___________________

THE Lapms

___________________

THE Bathroom

___________________

THE Magazine

___________________

THE Telephones

___________________

THE Flowers

___________________

THE Window

___________________

This article means un-una and we use it with singulars nouns that begin with a

consonant.
A BOOK

UN LIBRO

A MAGAZINE

UNA REVISTA

A CLOCK

UN RELOJ

A FLOWER

UNA FLOR

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

AN

This article means un-una and we use it with singulars nouns that begin with a

vowel.
AN APPLE

UNA MANZANA

AN ERASER

UN BORRADOR

AN ICE CREAM

UN HELADO

AN AIRPLANE

UN AEREOPLANO

NOTE: These articles never will be use with won names.

Airplane
Beach
A

Dog
Elephant

AN

Chair
Ice cream
Bird
Eraser

Now, write the article and the correct noun and write the correct meaning:
An airplane___Un aeroplano.

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________

________________________
PLURAL OF NOUNS

Most names are made plural by adding s or es. Notice the nouns below that are made
plural this way.
1. For nouns that end in O, S, SS, SH, CH, X, Z, add ES.
WALTZ

WALTZS

BEACH

BEACHES

BOX

BOXES

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

2. For nouns that do not end in O, S, SS, SH, CH, X, Z, add S.

DESK

DESKS

STUDENT

STUDENTS

PEN

PENS

3. For nouns that end in Y preceded by a consonant, change the Y to I and add
S.
BODY

BODIES

COUNTRY

COUNTRIES

CITY

CITIES

4. For nouns that end in Y preceded by a vowel add S.

BOY

BOYS

DAY

DAYS

MONKEY

MONKEYS

5. For some nouns that end in F or FE change the F to V and add ES

KNIFE

KNIVES

LEAF

LEAVES

WOLF

WOLVES

Exercises:
Write the plural of the following nouns:
GARDEN

HOSPITAL

SCHOOL

MONKEY

SANDWICH

MAGAZINE

CLOCK

HOUSE

GLASS

CANDY

YARD

LAMP

DISH

MONEY

LIBRARY

CALF

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

PERSONALS PRONOUNS
The personals pronouns serve to replace the names of persons, animals and things.
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
VOCABULARY 2
PROFFESSION
Actor

Pilot

Cashier

Policeman

Dentist

Secretary

Doctor

Singer

Driver

Student

Lawyer

Teacher

Mailman

Waiter

Nurse
PLACES
Apartement

Office

Bank

Park

Beach

Pool

Classroom

School

Farm

Stadium

Garage

Supermarket

House

Zoo

Museum

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

VERB TO BE
The verb to be means ser o estar and it has three different ways to write and each one
depend to who is next to them and if they are in singular or plural.
The three differents ways to write the verb To Be is: AM, IS, ARE.
Conjugation:
I

AM

YO SOY / YO ESTOY

YOU ARE

TU ERES / TU ESTAS

HE

IS

EL ES / EL ESTA

SHE

IS

ELLA ES / ELLA ESTA

IT

IS

ESO ES / ESO ESTA

WE

ARE

NOSOTROS SOMOS / NOSOTROS ESTAMOS

YOU

ARE USTEDESSON / USTEDES ESTAN

ELLOS SON / ELLOS ESTAN

THEY ARE

ELLAS SON / ELLAS ESTAN

ESOS SON / ESOS ESTAN
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACES

The prepositions of places are using to indicate the place where is or where are someone or
something.
IN

DENTRO / EN

ON

SOBRE

UNDER

DEBAJO

OVER

ENSIMA

BEHIND

ATRAS

IN FRONT OF

EN FRENTE DE

BESIDE / NEXT T0

JUNTO A

BETWEEN

ENTRE

OUT OF

FUERA DE

AROUND

AL REDEDOR

ACROSS

A TRAVEZ

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

Exercises:
Complete with the correct preposition of place:
The book is __________ the desk
Fish is _____________ the water
Ecuador is __________ Peru and Columbia
The dog is __________ the cage
The pencil is __________the briefcase
The money is ___________the wallet
The shoes are ____________ the bed
The cat is ______________ the sofa
The telephone is ____________ the table
The boy is ___________ the bus
The man is ____________ the church
SENTENCES
For make sentences we take all the learning since the first unit and we join them to form
correct sentences.
Structure:

SUBJEC

EL SUJETO
PUEDE ESTAR
EN PLURAL O
SINGULAR Y
PUEDEN SER:
NOMBRES,
LUGARES,
PROFESIONES,
PRONOMBRES,
ETC.

VERB
TO BE

LA FORMA
DEL VERB TO
BE
AMIS- ARE
DEPENDE SI
EL SUJETO SI
ESTA EN
PLURAL O
SINGULAR

COMPLEMENT
+

EL COMPLEMENTO ES
LO QUE LE DA
SENTIDO A LA
ORACION Y PUEDE
SER EL NOMBRE DE
UN LUGAR,
PROFESIONES, ETC. Y
DEBE DE TENER
RELACION CON EL
VERBO

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

So as we said in the unit six, the verb To Be has two different meaning: SER o ESTAR.
And the meaning will depend to the Word that follows it.
Now we are going to read examples with the two different meaning for their correct
differentiation:
SER
I AM A STUDENT.
HE IS A DENTIST
IT IS A SANDWICH
THE DOG IS WHITE
THE BALL IS YELLOW AND GREEN
THE CHAIR IS BLUE
THE PEN IS BLACK
ESTAR
THE BOY IS ON THE SKATE BOARD
WE ARE IN THE CLASSROOM
THE CASHIER IS IN FRONT OF THE PERSONS.
I AM ON THE CHAIR
MARY IS IN THE BEDRROM
MARY, SUSAN AND TOM ARE IN THE HOUSE
THE TEACHER IS BESIDE THE DESK
Write 10 sentences using the verb to be and give the tow different meaning:

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

PREPOSITIONS
The prepositions are using to join sentences that have the same idea or that refer to the
same situation, they can be write in the middle of the sentences or at the end.
BUT

PERO

AND

Y/E

WITH

CON

SO

ENTONCES / COMO

TOO

TAMBIEN

OR

FOR

POR

OF

DE

TO

A / PARA

Exercise:
Join the sentences using the following prepositions:
But, For, And, Too, And, Or, Of
Pedro ___ Juan are brothers.
I am in the park ____ Susan.
Karla is in the school ____ the teacher is in the school, ____.
Reichel ___ Nicole is the best student.
The gift is ___ Adriana
The new car is ____ Julio Cesar
Write 5 sentences using prepositions:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

ADJECTIVES
The adjectives are describing words, they tell you more about nouns.
CHEAP

EXPENSIVE

SMALL

BIG

FUNNY

BORING

EARLY

FAR

HEAVY

CAREFUL

INTERSTING

INTELLIGENT

GOOD

BAD

HOT

COLD

FAT

THIN

YOUNG

OLD

NICE

MODERM

TALL

SHORT

BEAUTIFUL

UGLY

Examples
Read the following sentences:
The new car is expensive.
My beautiful sister is in Quito.
Your big dog is the park with my brother.
Tom and Pedro are in the old stadium with the teacher.
Katty, Maritza and Nelson are doctors, they are in the modern park.
Our old school is around by old trees.
Exercise:
Write 10 sentences using adjectives:

10

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

COMPARATIVES
The comparative are used to compare a quality or characteristic between persons, animals
or things. To form a comparative we need to know rules that determinate how we can form
the comparative.
That rules indicated us if we add ER the Word MORE, and finally the word THAN
RULES
For adjectives with one syllable we add ER to form a comparative, but when the
adjective end in one consonant we double the consonant.
For adjectives with one syllable that end in Y change Y for I and add ER
For adjectives with two or more than two syllable, to form a comparative we add the
word MORE
Irregulars adjectives change their writing to form a comparative.

COMPARATIVES
SHORT ADJECTIVES

CHEAP
SMALL
BIG
FAT
ADJECTIVES THAT END IN "Y" FUNNY
EARLY
HEAVY

CHEAPER
BIGGER
FATTER

SMALLER

FUNNIER
HEAVIER

EARLIER

ADJECTIVES WITH TWO

SYLLABES OR MORE

CAREFUL
BORING
EXPENSIVE
INTERESTING

MORE CAREFUL MORE

BORING
MORE EXPENSIVE
MORE INTERESTING

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

FAR
GOOD
BAD

FATHER
WORSE

11

BETTER

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

For adjectives with one syllable:

SUBJECT

VERB
BE

ADJECT.

ER

SUJETO A
QUIEN
VAMOS A
COMPARAR

AM IS
ARE
DEPEND
DEL
SUBJEC

ADJETIVO
O
CUALIDAD
CON LA
QUE SE VA
COMPARAR

INDICA
COMPA_
RACION

THAN

QUE

SUBJECT

SUJETO CON
QUIEN
VAMOS
HACER LA
COMPARACI
ON

For adjective with two or more syllables:

SUBJECT

VERB
BE

SUJETO A
QUIEN
VAMOS A
COMPARAR

AM IS
ARE
DEPEND
DEL
SUBJEC

MORE
.

ADJ.

ADJETIVO
O
CUALIDAD
CON LA
QUE SE VA
COMPARAR

TAN

Exercise:
Make comparative sentences using the following adjectives:
FAR
UGLY
THIN
FUNNY
INTELLIGENT

12

THAN

QUE

SUBJECT

SUJETO CON
QUIEN
VAMOS
HACER LA
COMPARACI
ON

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

YOUNG
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
The negative sentences are used to refuse something or someone and we form it to add the
Word NOT to verb BE
Examples:
I Am A Teacher

I Am Not A Teacher

Carlos Is In Front Of The School

Carlos Is Not In Front Of The School

The Students Are With My Brothers

The Students Are Not With My Brothers

My Dog Is White And Black

My Dog Is Not White And Black

Susan, Billy And I Are Behind The Garden

Susan, Billy And I Are Not Behind The Garden

Exercise:
Transform to negative form the next sentences:
Carlos and Tom are friends
I am a French student
Pedro is between my red car and my black dog.
Our school is in Quito
The cashier and the secretary are in front of the restaurant.
I am in front of the park with my family
The animals are in the building

AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

This kind of question is used when we are not sure about something and we ask for
someone denied or affirm.
All questions that begin with verb to be have two possible answers, an affirmative or a
negative answer.
Structure
Short affirmative answer:
AM I A STUDENT?
YES, YOU ARE

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Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

ARE THE STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM?

YES, THEY ARE
IS YOUR BOOK ON YOUR TABLE?
YES, IT IS
Structure:
Short negative answer:
IS YOUR ENGLISH TEACHER A BOY?
NO, HE IS NOT
AM I A DOCTOR?
NO, I AM NOT
ARE YOUR FRIENDS TEACHERS?
NO, THEY ARE NOT
Exercise:
Read and answer the questions:
Nicole, Karla, Adriana and Miriam are in the park, they are friends, Nicole is a singer, she
is under a tree with Karla and she is a dentist, but Adriana is in front of the tree and she is a
teacher, Miriam is a teacher too, but she is behind the tree with her white dog, the park in
front of the blue building and between the museum and the post office.
1. Are Nicole and Karla sisters?
___________________________________________________
2. Are Adriana and Miriam friends?
___________________________________________________
3. Is Nicole a singer?
___________________________________________________
4. Is Nicole over a tree?
___________________________________________________
5. Is Karla with Nicole under a tree?
___________________________________________________
6. Is Karla a dentist?

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Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

____________________________________________________
7. Is Adriana behind the tree?
____________________________________________________
8. Is Adriana a doctor?
____________________________________________________
9. Are Miriam and Adriana teachers?
____________________________________________________
10. Is Miriam with her brown dog?
____________________________________________________
11. Is the park in front of the hospital?
____________________________________________________
12. Is the park between the museum and the post office?
____________________________________________________
Affirmative Long answer:
AM I A STUDENT?
YES, I AM A STUDENT
ARE THE STUDENTS IN THE CLASSROOM?
YES, THEY ARE IN THE CLASSROOM
IS YOUR BOOK ON YOUR TABLE?
YES, IT IS ON THE TABLE
Negative long answer:
IS YOUR ENGLISH TEACHER A BOY?
NO, HE IS NOT. HE IS A MAN
AM I A DOCTOR?
NO, YOU ARE NOT. YOU ARE A STUDENT
ARE YOUR FRIENDS TEACHERS?
NO, THEY ARE NOT, THEY ARE STUDENTS
Exercises:

15

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

Answers the questions:

ARE YOU A STUDENT?
_______________________________________________________
ARE YOU A GIRL?
_______________________________________________________
ARE YOU A BOY?
_______________________________________________________
IS YOUR ENGLISH BOOK UNDER THE DESK?
_______________________________________________________
AM I DENTIST?
_______________________________________________________
IS THE DOOR BLACK?
_______________________________________________________
IS YOUR ENGLISH TEACHER ON THE CLASSROOM?
_______________________________________________________
ARE YOUR FRIENDS IN THEIR HOUSES?
______________________________________________________
THE PARTY IN THE POOL
This is the party in the pool, today is Billys birthday, Tom and Billy are in the pool, the
pool is in front of the chairs, Susan and Mary are under the umbrella, they are sisters, they
are very happy, two birds are on the umbrella, they are beside the pool, Catherine is on the
chair.
Anthony and Peter are on the table, the radio is under the table, and Catherine is between
the table and the umbrella.
Exercise:
Answers the next questions:
1. Is the party in the park?
____________________________________________________
2. Is Billys birthday today?
____________________________________________________

16

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

3. Are Tom and Billy in the pool?

___________________________________________________
4. Is the pool behind the chairs?
___________________________________________________
5. Are Susan and Mary next to the umbrella?
___________________________________________________
6. Are they very happy?
____________________________________________________
7. Is Catherine in the pool?
____________________________________________________
8. Is the radio under the table?
____________________________________________________
CONTRACTIONS
The contraction is the join between two words by the apostrophe ().
When we make a contraction, change the writing and the speaking, but the meaning is the
same.
Examples:
I AM

I`M

AIM

YOU ARE

YOU`RE

YOUR

HE IS

HE`S

JIS

SHE IS

SHES

SHIS

IT IS

ITS

ITS

WE ARE

WERE

GUIR

YOU ARE

YOURE

YOUR

THEY ARE

THEYRE

DEIR

Exercise:
Write the contraction form:
WE ARE IN FRONT OF THE BANK
___________________________________________
HE IS A TEACHER

17

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

____________________________________________
I AM IN THE CLASSROOM WITH MY FRIENDS
____________________________________________
SHE IS A SECRETARY IN THE BUILDING
____________________________________________
THEY ARE BEHIND THE BUS
____________________________________________
IT IS BETWEEN THE BLUE CARS
____________________________________________
The contraction is used to form the negative form of the verb be, but only we can make a
contraction with the form IS and ARE.
EXAMPLE:
IS NOT

ISNT

ARE NOT

ARENT

SUSAN IS NOT AN ENGLISH TEACHER

SUSAN ISNT AN ENGLISH TEACHER
THE STUDENTS ARE NOT IN THE PARK
THE STUDENTS ARENT IN THE PARK
Exercise:
Rewrite the following paragraph but use the contractions
Adriana and I are in Salinas with my white dog, Adriana is my girlfriend, she is in front of
me, but my dog is not in front of me, it is under the table, I am an English teacher while she
is a singer, we are in a restaurant in the beach, it is big and a beautiful place.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

18

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

INFORMATION QUESTIONS
This kind of question is used to ask for complete information and the characteristic of this
question is that the answer is a simple sentence, between this questions we have:
WHAT
WHERE
WHEN
WHO
HOW
WHY
Structure:

INFORMATION
QUESTION

VERB
TO BE

SUBJECT

COMPLEMEN
T

The answers begin with a personal pronoun that replaces the subject.
But the answer for the question WHO is the only question that we can not use a personal
pronoun for answer it, because the answer is always a name of someone or something.
And for answer the question WHY always begin with the word BECAUSE that means
por que.
Example:
Nelson, Luis and Mario are in the park with my brother, the park is bigger than a stadium,
they are in front of the school, it is small and white, Nelson is an English teacher, hes on a
chair with Mario, hes an English teacher too, Luis is a doctor, he is in front of a fountain
with a brown dog, but my brother is under a tree, he is a soccer player, they celebrate his
birthday, his birthday is today.
Read the questions and the answers:
1. Who are in the park?

19

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

Nelson, Luis, Mario and my brother are in the park.

2. How is the park?
It is bigger than a stadium
3. What is Nelson?
He is an English teacher
4. Where is Nelson?
He is on the chair with Mario.
5. Why are they in the park?
Because, they celebrate my brothers birthday.
6. When is my brother birthday?
His birthday is today.

Exercise:
Answer the questions:
WHAT IS YOUR NAME?
MY NAME IS
WHAT IS THE WALL COLOR?
THE WALL COLOR IS
WHERE IS YOUR HOUSE?
MY HOUSE IS IN .
WHERE IS ECUADOR?
ECUADOR IS BETWEEN PERU AND COLOMBIA
WHEN IS YOUR BIRTHDAY?
MY BIRTHDAY IS
WHEN IS THE CHILDS DAY?
THE CHLDS DAY IS ..
WHO IS YOUR BEST FRIEND?

20

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

MY BEST FRIEND IS .
WHO ARE YOUR TEACHERS?
MY TEACHERS ARE ..
HOW ARE YOU?
I AM
HOW IS YOUR SCHOOL?
MY SCHOOL IS
Read and answer the question:
Hello my name is Steven I am in Doctor Jose Miguel Garcia Moreno School, Ecuador is
my country, it is between Peru, Colombia and the Pacific Ocean, and our principal cities are
Guayaquil, Quito and Cuenca. My school is in Guayaquil, the classes are since April to
December, I am a good student and I feel very good in my classroom, it is big and my
friends Mary, Susan, Billy and Tom are intelligent, they are excellent students, too, because
my English teacher is very serious and his name is Julio Cesar.
What is his name?
____________________________________________
What is his school name?
____________________________________________
Where is my country?
____________________________________________
When are the classes?
____________________________________________
How is my classroom?
____________________________________________
Who is a good student?
____________________________________________
Who are my friends?
____________________________________________
What are the principals cities in my country?

21

Name: Mishell Aguirre Santilln

____________________________________________
Who is very serious?
____________________________________________
How is the classroom?
____________________________________________
Why are my friends excellent students?
____________________________________________
What is my teacher name?
____________________________________________
Exercise:
Write a paragraph, make questions and answer them:
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

22