Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study
Libraries are our heritage. They have all the knowledge that
a person has acquired. Libraries innovates the civilization. They
also have to evolve, and look into the future, not only in the
past. Contemporary libraries around the world are now shaping the
way we gain knowledge from them. They offer enjoyment to books in
digital age and giving access to books in every possible form and
format. They are heading into the future, creating for their
patrons a more dynamic and a multi-level environment for learning
and pleasure (Kowalczyk, 2015).
Closing libraries is the behavior of a debased culture.
Libraries are not just a source of books. Most of us feel that
they symbolize something more. And when part of our civilization
is being destroyed we stand up against the barbarians (Pullman,
2011).
A library is many things. It's a place to go, to get in out
of the rain. It's a place to go if you want to sit and think. But
particularly it is a place where books live, and where you can
get in touch with other people, and other thoughts, through
books. If you want to find out about something, the information
is in the reference books - the dictionaries, the encyclopedias,
1
is
the
key
factor
in
the
development
and
as
an
asset
because
it
is
due
to
the
overall
and
improving
existing
knowledge
and
theories.
responsibilities
more
effectively.
The
libraries
of
these
resources,
as
it
is
less
complicated
and
readily
public
circulation
but
also
to
provide
readers
more
spiraling
stairs
that
allow
visitors
to
access
bookracks
reading room, which is flooded by light during the day and offers
sweeping views of the town. The library currently holds 70,000
books, with room for an additional 80,000 (dailynews, 2012).
In the Philippines, the Learning Commons of De La Salle
University (DLSU) opened last December 17, 2012 to the Lasallian
community. It is likened to a Habitable Tree because of its
environmental sensitivity though it is in the midst of the very
congested Taft Avenue. The library building is the first academic
structure in the country that is green and eco-friendly. The
Learning
Commons
boast
of
green
roof,
solar
panels,
number
(at
least
in
the
4
U.S.
and
other
developed
culture,
etc.
Like
parks
or
many
other
government-run
services
residence
are
or
free
to
the
general
nationality. However,
public,
the
current
regardless
of
situation
of
more:
the
relevant
Philippine
law
(Republic
Act
7743,
library
in
every
congressional
district,
city
and
220
municipalities.
congressional
The
fact
districts,
that
the
136
country
cities,
has
and
1,163
1,495
public
libraries less than what the law requires is a big problem that
needs prompt resolution.
Their continued
they
their
own,
themselves
and
but
what
can
therefore
about
the
sustain
other
reading
children,
the
habit
by
countless
millions who are poor or, worse, the poorest of the poor, whose
families struggle daily merely to get some food on the table.
These children obviously cannot afford to buy their own reading
materials.
come from the public libraries. Diosio insisted that the obvious
solution is to build public libraries where they dont exist,
repair and improvement of the old existing one.
Environment and development are inseparable. In fact, it has
posited
that
environmental
reinforcing
economic
protection
pillars
of
development,
are
the
social
development,
interdependent
sustainable
development
and
and
mutually
(Johannesburg,
2002).
The Urdaneta City Public Library envisions itself to be
Pangasinans prime source of quality information services and be
the
center
for
educational
technology
in
the
community.
To
enhance
research
techniques
through
automated
access
to
the
promoting
to
information
the
literacy
community
program
knowledge
in
and
impacting
understanding
and
by
history
and
to
build
collection
of
quality
library
most
outstanding
childrens
library
services
in
the
parts:
electronic
library,
7
childrens
library
and
the
research
center
to
meet
the
growing
needs
of
growing
the
library
are
arranged
according
to
general
works,
literatures,
biography
and
history,
philosophy
and
psychology.
With the current status of Urdaneta City Public Library, the
researchers observed that the location is not a conducive place
for effective learning. It is located in front of Urdaneta City
Cultural
Center
vehicles
passing
where
by
noise
and
pollution
events
held
is
in
prevalent
the
same
due
to
building.
Thus, the researchers conducted a study entitled EnergyEfficient and Book Mountain Public Library of Urdaneta City as a
plan proposal for the construction of the old library.
Specifically, the researchers aimed to:
1. Identify the significant features of a new library.
2. Identify all energy-efficient equipment suitable for the
library.
3. Identify
the
total
cost
of
the
construction
of
the
library.
4. Determine the benefits of the project to the clienteles of
the
library,
to
the
environment
and
to
the
economy
the
researchers
in
designing
the
library
for
the
Theoretical Framework
Library
has
always
been
described
as
the
heart
of
the
same.
With
information
and
the
development
communication
of
technology,
technologies
in
more
particular
comprehensive
in
generation
of
students
who
now
perceive
the
Library
believe
Resources
that
the
has
library
pointed
is
an
out
that
even
unchangeable
though
many
establishment,
10
minimal
structural
material
developed
through
extensive
to
the
article
posted
by
the
United
States
and
convenience.
recognized
beneficial
Unfortunately,
purposes,
these
in
human
spite
of
the
shelters
also
complexity
flexible
attitude
is
required
from
both
of
each
design
step
and
the
architect
the
thinking
would
be
of
architecture
dysfunctional.
and
structure
Structural
as
systems
separate
used
to
the
finished
building
appearance
and
spatial
qualities.
relationship
with
their
digital
counterparts,
as
13
in
todays
society,
well-designed
library
has
the
building
that
is
badly
designed
and
poorly
of
activity-doing
more
with
less.
Energy
efficiency
only
institutions
budget,
making
having
educational
it
access
to
and
general
difficult
for
six
the
percent
operating
library
to
of
their
expenditures
continually
(2011)
said
that
libraries
shall
take
into
by
Bumatay
(2014),
suggested
that
designs,
facilities,
the
cornerstone
of
the
community.
Aside
from
the
design
why
library
staff
and
the
readers
encountered
poor
solutions
and
propose
project
plan
for
the
17
library
resources.
Her
study
tried
to
point
towards
the
right
information
at
the
right
time.
The
New
Modern
and
its
contents,
how
this
affects
the
layout
and
for
the
library
to
encourage
more
readers,
merging
security
and
privacy
should
improve.
The
US
recommend
an
energy-efficient
18
building
that
is
more
the
light
bulbs.
It
helps
save
energy
input
while
Rotterdam-based
architects
MVRDV
studied
all
around
the
mountain
are
connected
by
network
of
the
researchers
conducted
the
study
to
make
and
19
INPUT
OUTPUT
PROCESS
Architectural
Design
Structural
Design
Energy
Efficient
Concept/Feat
ures
a. Photovoltai
c Array
Panels
b. Solar
Control
Glasses
Review of
Library
Standards and
Inspection,
Brainstorming,
Survey and
Interview
Computation of
loads and
Reviewing
Structural
Specifications
Materials/Featu
re Selection
EnergyEfficient and
Book Mountain
Public Library
Structural
Security and
Safety Library
Optimal
Environment
for Clients
design,
and
energy-efficient
features
that
are
standards
brainstorming
and
and
inspected
performed
an
neighborhood
interview
and
libraries,
survey
to
the
Selecting
materials
and
determining
suitable
energy-
City
environment
and
that
a
is
safer
conducive
and
place
secured,
to
all
library.
21
and
an
clienteles
optimal
of
the
Center
where
noise
pollution
is
prevalent
due
to
b.
Additional facilities
i. Conference room
ii. Electronic library
iii. Art gallery
2. What
energy-efficient
equipment
are
suitable
for
new
Assumption
structure
will
be
designed
to
be
stable
and
can
23
4. It
will
promote
conservation
of
electricity
as
it
uses
energy-efficient equipment.
5. This will be the first Book Mountain Public Library in
Region 1 as well as in the Philippines.
electrical
specifications.
engineering
The
features
researchers
also
such
as
considered
plans
the
study
and
to
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
24
mixed
collected
premise
approach
using
simultaneously
that
has
been
qualitative
and
will
studied
be
to
and
quantitative
guided
advance
by
data
theoretical
the
scope
of
visits
to
various
libraries.
Quantitative
data
involved
day
lighting
that
are
significant
to
lessen
power
for
the
bookshelves
or
bookracks.
Additionally,
it
Research Locale
and
formally
founded
on
January
08,
1858.
It
was
26
The respondents of the study were the City Engineer and City
Librarian of Urdaneta City and their staff who are knowledgeable
of
the
current
status
of
Urdaneta
City
Public
Library.
The
around
Urdaneta
City
27
and
professionals
who
are
to
be
reliable
and
updated
information
regarding
the
architecture.
The
researchers
prepared
interview
guide
City
Public
Library
and,
determine
the
problems
Start
28
YE
Further Information?
Analysis of Significant
Features
YE
Further Information?
Planning and designing
of the
Action Plan
3D Presentation of the
Interior and Exterior
Architectural design
End
29
is
to
search
diligently,
investigate,
and
conduct
an
30
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This
gathered.
theses,
chapter
The
books,
data
and
presents
was
the
data
retrieved
journals.
The
that
mostly
the
from
researchers
researchers
the
internet,
gathered
data
32
INTERVIEWEE
PROFESSION
Bernadine
Gravela,
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Architect
Library Staff
Ben Chan,
Girly Mae Sigot
Grejie
Library Staff
Bernadine
Gravela
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Library Staff
Bernadine
Gravela
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Bernadine
Gravela
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Library Staff
agreed
fixtures
are
that
the
suitable
proposed
for
the
energy-efficient
library.
There
equipment
are
lot
and
of
LIBRARY SECTION
No. of Resources
Childrens Library
Local History, Theses
Electronic Library
PWD Books
Filipiana
Reference
General Collection
Fiction
Braille
Other book collection
3675
1071
272
235
1129
1200
2386
2974
136
344
Total = 13422
Table 3.2 No. of Available Resources in Every Section of the
Public Library (Refer to Appendix P)
Table 3.2 shows the total number of available resources in
every section of the library. From the above data, the proposed
33
Filipiana
of
3672
and
Reference
printed
books.
Section
And
the
with
third
an
approximate
layer
will
be
worldwide
that
it
is
safe
and
reliable
to
use.
34
of
using
an
ordinary
glass.
The
researchers
have
or
even
efficiently,
they
create
sense
of
intimacy
and
add
35
Star
bulb.
which
The
equivalent
task
lighting
to
75-watt
uses
only
incandescent
one-third
of
Library
Rules
and
Regulation
(As
adopted
from
the
current
36
and
Journals).
Library materials to be photocopied should be issued out and
properly received.
5. A lost book should be reported at once to the library
personnel. It should be replaced with the same title and
author,
however
if
the
borrower
cannot
find
an
exact
be
handled
properly.
caught
vandalizing
any
library
material
and
37
c. Current
6. A
Periodicals
Journals).
lost book should
be
(Magazines,
reported
at
Newspaper
once
to
the
and
library
however
if
the
borrower
cannot
find
an
exact
be
handled
properly.
caught
vandalizing
any
library
material
and
The
must
be
library
in
is
silent
not
mode
while
responsible
for
inside
the
any
lost
valuable items.
Electronic Library Rules
1. The use of the Electronic Library is open to all cardholder
members.
2. Use of the computer is first come first serve basis.
3. Researcher can use the computer for a maximum of 30 minutes;
3 person per computer.
4. Researcher who has little background in using computer may
ask further assistance to the library assistant.
39
further
approval
of
the
library
assistant.
The
checking
of
is
allowed
provided that you will not consume your allotted time solely
for email. Chatting is not allowed except for educational
roundtables or discussion groups. Entering in obscene sites
is also prohibited.
10.
Courtesy must be
littering,
talking
observed
loud,
at
smoking,
all
times,
eating,
are
loitering,
strictly
VICE - MAYOR
Bernadine M.
Gravela Librarian
40
Gina C.
Mequin
cco
Teresita P.
Daligdig
Library Clerk
Leticia T. Gerona
Library Clerk
Rosalie O.
Santos
Library Clerk
41
42
Socio-economic Aspect
This
portion
presents
brief
discussion
of
the
socio-
on
of
how
the
the
researchers
library
and
how
maximize
the
the
librarys
use
and
concept
clienteles
of
the
library.
The
researchers
proposed
environment.
Moreover,
these
features
of
library
can
Technical Aspect
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
The proposed library has wide study and reading areas that
provides better illumination and ambience as opposed from the
current public library. Each layer of the Book Mountain consists
of reading areas so that clienteles of the library will easily
check other books from their respected seats. These stunning
areas will be one of the good requirements to the encouragement
of library users to come and to read books.
Financial Aspect
56
the
labor
project
cost
that
and
will
the
serve
equipment
as
needed
conducive
for
the
place
for
institutions
instructional,
curricular,
research,
and
Recapitulation
Table 3.3 Detailed Estimates and Unit
Appendix N for the Computation)
DESCRIPTION
QTY.
1. EARTHWORKS
A. Earth fill
Derivation
(Refer
to
UNIT COST
TOTAL COST
1447cu.m.
800/cu.m.
P1,157,600
18400 bags
260/bag
4,784,000
1030cu.m.
1341cu.m.
40500 pcs.
1200/cu.m.
1000/cu.m
7/pc.
1,236,000
1,341,000
283,500
57
10 sets
6800/set
68,000
4 sets
4800/set
19,200
4 sets
1950/set
7,800
9 sets
4 sets
1200/set
11550/set
10,800
46,200
6 sets
2310/set
13,860
2 sets
8250/set
16,500
8 sets
14850/set
118,800
4. LUMBER/FORMWORKS
A. Marine Plywood (1/4)
B. Lumber (2 x 2)
5. HARDWARE
AND
MISCELLANEOUS
MATERIALS
A. 10mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
B. 12mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
C. 20mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
D. 35mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
E. #16 GI tie wire
F. Common wire nails
G. Finishing nails
H. Floor Tiles (unglazed tiles)
(60 cm x 60 cm)
6 sets
4050/set
24,300
10 sets
4050/set
40,500
4 sets
6600/set
26,400
6 sets
10153 sq.m.
10500/set
2000/sq.m.
63,000
2,030,000
1,250,000
1100 pcs.
625/pc.
687,500
19710 bd.ft.
100/pc.
1,971,000
(Using Direct Counting Method)
600 pcs.
150/pc
90,000
4450 pcs.
330/pc
1,468,500
1360 pcs.
400/pc
544,000
800 pcs.
750/pc
600,000
500
200
200
5400
70/kg
70/kg
70/kg
60/pc
35,000
14,000
14,000
324,000
6. PLUMBING WORKS
A.Water Closet
B.C.R. Lavatory + Faucet
C. Kitchen Lavatory + Faucet
D. P-traps (50mm)
E. Floor Drain, stainless
F. Clean out
G. Elbows
H. Waste Pipes (Lavatory, 50 mm
(2) pipe diameter 10)
I. PVC Solvent Cement
7. ELECTRICAL WORKS
A. Panel Board
B. 15 Ampere Circuit
C. 20 Ampere Circuit
D. 30 Ampere Circuit
E. 40 Ampere Circuit
F. Entrance Cap
G. Special Outlet
H. Electrical Tape
I. 1-Gang Switch
J. 2-Gang Switch
kgs.
kgs.
kgs.
pcs.
Breaker
Breaker
Breaker
Breaker
58
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
3-Gang Switch
Star labeled CFL
Receptacle
Junction Box
#12 THHN Wire
#10 THHN Wire
Moldex diameter
Utility Box
Solar Power System
(Residential type)
9 pcs
25 pcs.
27 pcs.
150 pcs.
150 pcs.
150 pcs.
6 rolls
2 rolls
7 rolls
100 pcs.
2 systems
8. PAINTING WORKS
A. Flat wall enamel
B. Paint Thinner
C. Paint brush (4)
D. Roller brush (12)
100
40
60
60
75/pc
110/pc
140/pc
180/pc
40/pc
30/pc
4000/roll
5000/roll
900/roll
30/pc
750,000/system
gal.
490/gal.
gal.
245/gal.
pcs.
60/pc.
pcs.
45/pc.
MATERIAL COST
675
2,750
3,780
27,000
6,000
4,500
24,000
10,000
6,300
3,000
1,500,000
49,000
9,800
3,600
2,700
P20,368,167
Quantity
Watts
HRs/Day
KWHr Used
Monthly
10
1
8
727
45
175
4
2
6
756.08
2.34
218.4
59
4. Flat Screen TV
LCD 46
5. Vacuum Cleaner
(Standard)
6. Refrigerator
(12 cu.ft)
7. Range(2-burner)
110
5.72
200
3Hrs/week
7.2
185
20
4.81
3300
171.6
Quantity
Watts
HRs/Day
KWHr Used
Monthly
1
1
20
4
1
1
12
12
12
15
145
500
1.5
1.5
5
3
0.5
4
0.468
0.468
31.2
4.68
1.885
52
Appliances/Fixtures
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Scanner
Printer
Computer
Laptop
Mini Component
Water Dispenser
Hot and Cold
TOTAL
Amount Due (Php10 per KWHr)
1256.851
Php12,568.51
2,000
Php14,568.51
Type of Bulb
1. CFLs
(26 Watts)
2. Chandelier
Quantity
Watts
HRs/Day
KWHr Used
Monthly
150
1
26
150
10
10
1170
45
1215
TOTAL
Amount Due (Php10 per KWHr)
60
Php12,150
No. of
Working
Days/Month
No. of
Workers
1. Paint
Removal
2. Painting
Works
3. Bookracks
Termite
Disinfection
4. Electronic
Library
Maintenance
5. Landscaping
6. Solar Power
System
7. Others
Hrs/
Day
Labor
Cost/d
Material
Cost
Cost
280/d
2,000
4,800
280/d
17,975
26,375
300/d
12,450
14,250
300/d
2,000
3,800
280/d
5,000
9,480
2,000
5,000
TOTAL:
Php65,705
library
of
about
Php65,705.
As
stated
by
the
City
undergo
once
every
six
months.
Solar
Power
Systems
cost
is
estimated
to
be
Php5,000
for
book
61
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
This study is conducted to provide solution to the primary
problems encountered in the current Urdaneta City Public Library.
The
researchers
are
able
to
come
up
with
the
following
conclusions:
1. Welcoming spaces, electronic library and art gallery are
integrated for the proposed public library as suggested
by the respondents especially by the city librarian of
Urdaneta.
2. Solar control glasses and Solar Power System are the best
energy-efficient equipment and fixture that are suitable
for the proposed public library. These are durable, safe
and reliable to use. Solar Power System has been proven
that 25% of the system will last for up to 30 years but
it will continue to produce power for up to 50 years with
proper maintenance of the system. Solar control glasses
are also proven to its durability and reliability for the
62
of
Rotterdam
as
an
interior
design
as
an
be
easily
accessible
by
the
students,
and
other
Recommendations
63
the
remarks,
annotations
and
suggestions
of
library
the
construction.
Include
design
City
specifications
Government
of
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Max B. Fajardo Jr. 2000. Simplified Construction Estimate,
5138 Merchandising Publisher, Manila; Philippines
64
libraries/
Dailynews (2012). Book Mountain of Rotterdam. Retrieved
from: www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pagevie
Philippine Daily Inquirer (2013). Public Libraries.
Retrieved from: ladiosolibrary.org?p=318
Energy Efficiency (2015). Californias Energy Efficiency
Standards for Buildings. Retrieved from:
www.scu.edu/newlibrary
Letters of Note (2015). Retrieved from:
(lettersofnote.com/2011/05/library-is-many-thingshtml)
Rotterdam Book Mountain (2013). Retrieved from:
www.WS/2012/10/%E2%80%98book-mountain%E2%80%99libraryopens-in-rotterdam
Balitang Aklatan and De la Salle University (2013).
Learning Commons. Retrived from: www.Dlsu.edu.ph
City Government of Urdaneta (2015). Urdaneta City Public
Library Vision and Mission. Retrieved from:
www.Urdaneta-city.gov.ph
MVRDVS Book Tower to the Sky (2013). Retrieved from:
Architectmagazine.com/technology/mvrdvs-book-tower-tothe-sky_O
www.pinoyexchange.com
www.easywoodproducts.com
www.magkano.com
www.pinoyhandyman.com
www.steelroundbars.businessyo.com.ph
Gendiesel Philippines Inc. (2015). Solar Energy, Metro
Manila, Philippines Retrieved from:
www.gendieselph.com
Maintenance in a Library (2016). Retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/#q=maintenance+cost+in+librar
y
http://www.slideshare.net/AbhikRathod/types-ofmaintenance 33037550
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257475/
Panelco III (2016). Billing Services, Retrieved from:
www.panelco3.com/billing-services/
Department of Labor and Employment 2016. Manual on Labor
Standards, Retrieved from:
http://www.bwc.dole.gov.ph/userfiles/file/manual%20on
%20labor%20standards.pdf
APPENDIX A
Floor Plans
68
69
70
APPENDIX B
Roof Plan
71
APPENDIX C
72
APPENDIX D
Schedule of Doors and Windows
73
74
75
76
77
APPENDIX E
Structural Plans and Details
78
79
80
81
82
APPENDIX F
Electrical Layouts
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
APPENDIX G
Schedule of Loads and Computations
91
92
93
94
95
96
APPENDIX H
Electrical Symbols, Notes and Specifications
98
APPENDIX I
Fire Suppression System Layouts
99
100
101
102
APPENDIX J
Plumbing and Water Line Layout Plans and Details
103
104
105
106
107
APPENDIX K
Summary of Formulas
Computation of Loads
Dead Load = Wt. of Slab + Wt. of Beam + Wt. of Column +
Wt. of Wall + Wt
108
Eqn. 1
Eqn. 2
Seismic Analysis
Vt=
CvI
RT
(1.2EQx)(Wt.)
Eqn.
3
Where:
Vt = Base Shear
Cv = Seismic Coefficient
I = Seismic Importance Factor
R = Numerical Coefficient
T = Elastic Fundamental Period of Vibration
H = Total Height of the Structure
Fx = (Vt-Ft)(HW)/HW
Where:
Eqn. 4
Fx = Horizontal Force
Vt = Base shear
Ft = 0 if T is less than 0.7 sec.
HW = Product of Height and Wt. per level
Beam Design
W L2
+ EQx
Mu
16
Where:
Eqn. 5
Mu = Ultimate Factored Moment
W = Weight
L = Span
109
Where:
Eqn. 6
w
fy
Eqn.
7
b = width of compression face of member,mm
d = distance from extreme compression fiber
to centroid of tension reinforcement,mm
=
wfy
fc'
Where:
b=
Eqn. 8
=
Where:
Eqn. 9
b
max =0.75 b
Where:
Eqn. 10
max
110
min =
1.4
fy
Eqn. 11
Where:
min
M2 = Mu M1
'
Eqn. 12
'
M2 = As2 fc ( dd
Where:
Eqn. 13
concrete covering
As
No. of Bars =
2
(dia )
4
Eqn.
14
Where:
As = Area of Steel
dia. = diameter of rebar
Eqn. 15
Column Design
Concentrated load (U) = 1.4(Dead Load) + 1.7(Live Load)
Eqn. 16
111
Pu
(0.85)fc
(0.80) )
Eqn. 17
=strengthreduction ( 0.7 )
Where:
Eqn.
18
Mu =
Rub d
Eqn. 19
Where:
L = Span
Ru =Coefficient of Resistance
W = Weight
Mu = Ultimate Factored Moment
req =
0.85 fc'
2 Ru
1 1
Eqn . 20
fy
0.85 fc '
min =
L
fy
0.4+
Eqn.21
20
700
Where:
112
L = Span of Slab
Spacing of Temperature Bars (Use the smallest)
a. S2
b. 5 x h
c. 450 mm
Eqn. 22
Eqn. 23
Eqn. 24
Eqn. 25
Eqn. 26
Eqn. 27
Operating Expenses
KWHr consumption monthly=Quantity x Wattage x HRs/Day x 26d
Amount Due = KWHr x Rate/KWHr
APPENDIX L
Seismic Analysis and Structural
Design Computations
113
Eqn. 28
Live Load:
Dead Load:
Live Load:
114
115
L = 6m
b = 300mm
EQ load
fc' wb d 2(10.59 w)
116
6
566.74 x 10
mm
N.mm = 0.9(20.7)(w)(300 2 (360mm)(1-0.59w)
w = 0.369
=
0.369(20.7)/276
0.028
b=
0.85(0.85)(20.7)(600)/276(600+276)
b= 0.037
max= 0.75(0.037) = 0.027
max=
Since;
1.4/276 = 0.00507
b>
but
> max
; doubly reinforced
= 0.9(0.0278) = 0.0243
w = 0.0243(276)/20.7
w = 0.324
2
M1 = 0.9(20.7)(0.324)(300) (360) [1-0.59(0.324)]
M1 = 189.82 KN.m
M2 = Mu M1 = 566.74 189.82 = 376.92 KN.m
376.92
x 106
As2 = 4267.66
N.mm = As2(276)(360-40)
mm2
35
4
4267.66
mm
mm2
35
4
6969.82
ROOF SLAB
@ 6 Meter Span
Dead Load
Beam = (23.5 KN/ m
)(0.1m)(0.3m)(6m) = 4.23 KN
)(0.3m)(6m)(3m) = 126.9 KN
)(3m)(6m) = 52.2 KN
118
SECOND FLOOR
@6 Meter Span
Dead Load
Beam = (23.5 KN/ m
)(0.1m)(0.3m)(6m) = 4.23 KN
3
Slab = (23.5 KN/ m )(0.3m)(6m)(3m) = 126.9 KN
2
Wall = (16.5 KN/ m )(0.15m)(4m)(6m) = 59.4 KN
)(0.5m)(0.5m)(4m) = 23.5 KN
Total DL = 214.03 KN
3
Live Load = (2.9KN/ m )(3m)(6m)= 52.2 KN
Pu =
'
0.80[(0.85) fc (Ag Ast) + fyAst]
119
1321.40 x
10
= (0.70)(0.80)[(0.85)(20.7)(Ag 0.02Ag) +
20.7(0.02Ag)]
Ag = 103,660.87
mm2
mm
20 mm
4
2073.22
a. 16(20) = 320mm
b. 48(10) = 480mm
c. 400mm
APPENDIX M
Computation of Monthly Operating Expenses
And Maintenance Costs
121
= 52 KWHr
122
Earthworks
124
Factors:
Marine Plywood (1/4) = 0.347
No. of Plywood= (38m x 35m)(0.347)= 461.51 say 460 pcs.
Formworks for Column (400mx400mm)
P=2(a+b)+0.20
P=2(0.4+0.4)+0.20= 1.8 x 8.5= 15.3sq.m. x 62 col.
A= 948.6 sq.m.
No. of Plywood= 948.6 x 0.347= 329.16 say 330 pcs.
Formworks for Beam (400mm x 300mm)
P=2(b+d)+0.10
P=2(0.3+0.4)+0.10= 877.5m x 585m
A= 877.5 sq.m.
No. of Plywoods= 877.5 x 0.347= 304.49 say 305 pcs.
Total No. of Marine Plywood = 1095 say 1100 pcs.
Scaffolding and Staging (Using 2 x 2 lumber)
126
Scaffoldings
and
Staging
that
have
been
used
for
the
Painting Works
Note: From the previous data, the total square area of wall side
by side is 6,474 square meters but assume it to be 4,000 square
meters.
Flat wall enamel= 4000sq.m./40 sq.m./gal.
Flat wall enamel= 100 gal.
Paint thinner= 100 gal x 40% = 40 gals.
Paint brush (4) = 60 pcs.
Roller brush (12) = 60 pcs.
Glass Roofing
L= 26.50m
W= 26.50m
Total Area of Glass Roof = 10,152.68 say 10,253 square meters
APPENDIX O
PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY NORTH PHILIPPINES
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR TECHNICAL PERSONNEL
Name :_________________________________________________
Profession:_________________
Gender
: _Male _Female
:_________________
Date
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think are the benefits of having an Energy-Efficient and Book
Mountain Public Library of Urdaneta City to the:
A. Library users
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Environment
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C. Economy upliftment of Urdaneta City at the same time in the Philippines
_______________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX P
Urdaneta City Public Library Data
No. of Visitors
2013 37,044
2014 21,567
2015 27,427
130
131
132
133
134
135
APPENDIX R
Recommendation Letter from the City Librarians Office
136
___________________
Jayrold N. Lozano
his
childhood
in
Asingan,
he
spent
years
to
for
imagination
now,
become
he
is
his
taking
reality.
138
strides
Darwins
in
making
specialty
his
is
solving
enter
mathematical
Panpacific
problems
University
that
gave
North
him
interest
Philippines
to
seeking
that
might
give
him
additional
knowledge
and
________________
Darwin R. Palado
139
critical
figures,
AutoCAD,
and
structural
140
Cresencia
V.
Florendo,
his
fathers
cousin
provide
he
is
studying
college
at
Panpacific
University
North
142